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1 13 MRTG An extention of traffic monitoring system using MRTG

2 MRTG MRTG MRTG WWW MRTG MRTG, MRTG, PHP i

3 Abstract An extention of traffic monitoring system using MRTG MAEDA Asuka In the rise of a rapid expansion and importance of an information communication network, network employment and management are important. MRTG is in a useful tool by network management. MRTG can check the amount of traffic, can make the change legible graph, and can display it by WWW. However, the unusual judging of the amount of traffic of a machine cannot be performed, and MRTG cannot acquire a periodical value. Therefore, in this research, the notice function of an alarm of communication apparatus and the newest information display function are proposed. As mounting, the former is a function which notifies the alarm of the unusual traffic of a machine by mail, and is a function which the latter acquires the newest amount of traffic and displays. In the result, when the Threshols dose was exceeded, that an administrator is notified of mail checked the notice function of an alarm by practice. Moreover, in addition to the graph of MRTG, the newest information display function realized the display of the newest value. A future subject is about how the notice function of an alarm defines a Threshols dose. This must collect the amounts of traffic over a long period of time. Moreover, the newest information display function investigates whether it is the information which wants to know whether it is what it is easy to use, and it becomes a future subject to ii

4 extend a function further. key words network employment and management,mrtg,php iii

5 MRTG SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP MIB MIB MIB MIB UCD SNMP UCD SNMP UCD-MIB UCD SNMP snmptrap MRTG iv

6 2.4.1 MRTG MRTG MRTG MRTG MRTG PHP PHP ucd-snmp PHP v

7 34 A MRTG 35 A.1 MRTG A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.1.4 A.1.5 A.1.6 A.1.7 A SNMP mrtg.cfg cfgmaker kaeru.cfg mrtg cron A.2 SNMP A.2.1 SNMP B MRTG 42 B B C ucd-snmp 48 D Apache 51 E PHP 54 vi

8 2.1 SNMP SNMP MIB UCD MIB MIB UCD-MIB MRTG PHP vii

9 snmptrap HTML PHP php interfaces ( ) mib-2 ( ) ucdavis ( ) B B B B B viii

10 1 MRTG MRTG MRTG 2 MRTG 3 MRTG

11 MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher), Seafelt, PyNG (the Python Network Grapher), RRDTools+ (Remstat, Cricket, ORCA, NRG) 1 MRTG MRTG MRTG WEB LAN 1 tut/slides/15/ 2

12 1.1 MRTG 3

13 2 MRTG MRTG MRTG SNMP MIB UCD SNMP MRTG MRTG 2.1 SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP TCP/IP RFC [1] SNMP SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Managing Protocol) 4

2.1 SNMP (Management Information Base: MIB) 3 ( 2.1) MIB MIB 2.2 2.1 SNMP SNMP 1.

14 2.1 SNMP (Management Information Base: MIB) 3 ( 2.1) MIB MIB SNMP SNMP 1. SNMPv1 SNMPv1 SNMP SNMPv1 5 ( PDU) 2. SNMPv2 SNMPv1 SNMP 3. SNMPv3 SNMPv2 SNMPv2 5

15 2.1 SNMP SNMP Get Request Get Next Request Set Request Get Response Trap 2.2 SNMP 6

16 2.2 MIB SNMP SNMP SNMP SNMP (Set Get) 2.2 MIB SNMP MIB (Management Information Base: ) MIB SMI (Structure of Management Information) MIB MIB SNMP MIB MIB MIB-II MIB RFC MIB MIB MIB 7

17 2.2 MIB MIB MIB SNMP MIB MIB 2.3 MIB 2.3 MIB 3 itu-t(0) iso(1) joint-iso-itu-t(2) MIB internet(1) internet(1) mgmt(2) mib-2(1) MIB-II MIB private(4) enterprises(1) 8

18 2.3 UCD SNMP MIB (.) 4. iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system (OID: Object Identifier) 2.3 UCD SNMP UCD SNMP MIB UCD SNMP UCD SNMP UCD SNMP SNMP MIB MIB (Get,GetNext,Set,Trap) UCD SNMP (snmpd) [1] MIB-II MIB-II UCD-MIB MIB UNIX 9

19 2.3 UCD SNMP SNMP SNMPv2/v3 SNMPv2 SNMPv3 UNIX UCD-MIB ( ) UNIX UCD SNMP MIB MIB MIB private.entrprises UCD-MIB.iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises.ucdavis ( ) 2.4 UCD-MIB UCD-MIB 2.5 ucdavis 10

20 2.3 UCD SNMP UCD SNMP UCD SNMP SNMP snmpget UCD SNMP snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpwalk, snmpbulkget, snmpset, snmptable, snmpdelta, snmpstatus, snmptest, snmpnetstat, snmpdf, snmpconf, snmptranslate snmpcomand [ ] [ ] 2.1 ( ) MIB system.syscontact Get 2.4 UCD MIB MIB 11

21 2.3 UCD SNMP %snmpget -d localhost private system.syscontact.0 -d SNMP ( ) 16 ASCII snmptrap SNMP SNMP snmptrap SNMP SNMP snmptrap [ ] OID [ ID ] 2.5 UCD-MIB 12

22 2.4 MRTG snmptrap MRTG MRTG(Multi Router Traffic Grapher) MRTG SNMP WWW MRTG MRTG MRTG SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) (2.6) MRTG MRTG [2] Unix WindowsNT 2.1 snmpcomand -d,-h IP MIB ( ID) 13

23 2.4 MRTG HTML MRTG Web SNMP SNMP Package WEB WEB index MRTG SNMP Perl C Web WEB 2.2 snmptrap OID SNMP 14

2.4 MRTG MRTG 7 4 12 MRTG 2 1 2.4.3 MRTG MRTG 1 MRTG MRTG 2 2.

24 2.4 MRTG MRTG MRTG MRTG MRTG 1 MRTG MRTG MRTG

25 2.4 MRTG MRTG MRTG cron cron 1 16

26 3 MRTG MRTG MRTG

27 ?? 3.1 OS FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE IP WWW SNMP Apache , PHP ucd-snmp MRTG Perl 18

28 3.2 Alt-x set-file-coding-system(enter) File coding system : euc-jp-unix(enter) warning.pl #!/usr/bin/perl open(sendmail," /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -oi"); print SENDMAIL "From: asuka\@kikuken.org\n"; print SENDMAIL "To: asuka\@kikuken.org\n"; print SENDMAIL "Subject: MRTG \n\n"; print SENDMAIL " \n"; print SENDMAIL "\n"; print SENDMAIL " : ".$ARGV[0]."\n"; print SENDMAIL " : ".$ARGV[1]."\n"; print SENDMAIL " : ".$ARGV[2]."\n"; close(sendmail); 2 MRTG (out) MRTG MRTG Thresh- MaxI ThreshMaxO ThreshProgI ThreshProgO [3] MRTG thinkpad.cfg 19

29 thinkpad.cfg ( 3.2.2) ThreshMaxI[ ]: ThreshMaxO[ ]: ThreshProgI[ ]:/home/lab/kiku02/asuka/Warning/Perl/warning.pl ThreshProgO[ ]:/home/lab/kiku02/asuka/Warning/Perl/warningout.pl 3.1 MRTG crontab ucd-snmp ucd-snmp MRTG Web PHP 1 PHP( 3.2) HTML SNMP [4] PHP

30 3.2 HTML ( 3.2) HTML PHP HTML If for while do-while C Perl Perl Apache Oracle PostgreSQL MySQL msql DBMS ] PHP ucd-snmp 3.3 MRTG.html Extension MRTG php3 PHP 21

3.2 thinkpad.cfg Extension[172.21.43.250 9]: php3 php (PageTop ) <?php?> php 172.21.43.250 9.php3 php thinkpad.cfg 3.2.3 cfg PHP PHP 2 cfg PHP PHP PHP PHP snmpget 0 snmpwalk interfaces (.

31 3.2 thinkpad.cfg Extension[ ]: php3 php (PageTop ) <?php?> php php3 php thinkpad.cfg cfg PHP PHP 2 cfg PHP PHP PHP PHP snmpget 0 snmpwalk interfaces ( ) (ifnumber) ucd-snmp snmpget snmpwalk OID PHP 22

32 3.2 interfaces 9 snmpwalk <?php $host = " "; $community = "kikuken"; $sysdescr = snmpget("$host","$community","system.sysdescr.0"); $ifindex = snmpwalk("$host","$community"," "); for ($i=0; $i<count($ifindex); $i++) { print "<tr><th></th>"; print "<td><center>$ifindex[$i]</center></td>"; print "</tr>";?> <?php echo date("y m d (D) h:i:s:a");?> PHP 2 cfg 3.2 HTML <HTML> <BODY> <?php echo( PHP )?> </BODY> </HTML> 23

33 3.2  <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>INTERFACES</TITLE> </HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="180"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" content="no-cache"> PHP </BODY> </HTML> Refresh 180 PHP interfaces snmpwalk 3.3 PHP snmpget snmpset snmpwalk snmpwalkoid snmp get quick print snmp set quick print SNMP SNMP SNMP UCD quick print UCB SNMP quick print 24

34 3.2 Extension[ _9]: php3 <TABLE> <TR><TD>System:</TD> <TD>kiku017.kikuken.info.kochi-tech.ac.jp in ThinkPad Server</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Maintainer:</TD> <TR><TD>Description:</TD><TD>ep0 </TD></TR> <TR><TD>ifType:</TD> <TR><TD>ifName:</TD> <TR><TD>Max Speed:</TD> <TR><TD>Ip:</TD> <TD>ethernetCsmacd (6)</TD></TR> <TD></TD></TR> <TD> kbytes/s</td></tr> <TD> (dhcp250.kikuken. info.kochi-tech.ac.jp)</td></tr> </TABLE><p><?php echo "php";?><br><a HREF="../../../../jikken/PHP/ php3/snmp/mrtg/interfaces.php3"> </A> \\ \hline \end{tabular} 3.4 php3 25

35 interfaces ( ) OID ifnumber iftable ifentry ifindex ifdescr iftype ifmtu ifspeed ifphysaddress ifadminstatus ifoperstatus iflastchange ifinoctets ifinucastpkts ifinnucastpkts ifindiscards ifinerrors ifinunknownprotos ifoutoctets ifoutucastpkts ifoutnucastpkts ifoutdiscards ifouterrors ifoutqlen ifspecific 26

36 4 4.1 ( 4.1) Delivered-To: asuka@kikuken.org Date: Thu, 17 Jan :31: (JST) From: asuka@kikuken.org To: p@ugs.kochi-tech.ac.jp Subject: MRTG : : :

37 Delivered-To: asuka@kikuken.org Date: Wed, 30 Jan :56: (JST) From: asuka@kikuken.org To:020324p@ugs.kochi-tech.ac.jp Subject: MRTG (out) : : :

38 MRTG 4.4 PHP PHP 29

39 4.2 mib-2 system icmp snmp ucdavis memory latable systemstats PHP mib-2 ucdavis snmpget snmpwalk MIB mib-2( 4.1) ucdavis( 4.2) 4.1 mib-2 ( ) OID system interfaces at jp icmp tcp udp egp transmission snmp 30

40 MRTG MRTG mib-2 ucdavis 4.2 ucdavis ( ) OID prtable memory exttable dsktable latable systemstats ucddemomib filetable version snmperrs mrtable 31

41 5 MRTG MRTG 32

42 33

43 [1] Steve Maxwell. SNMP., October [2]. FreeBSD., April [3].., August [4],,. PHP., August

44 A MRTG MRTG 4 1. MRTG 2. SNMP 3. mrtg.cfg 4. mrtg A.1 MRTG 4 A zlib 2. libpng 3. gd 4. mrtg A.1.2 SNMP kaeru (IP ) SNMP 35

45 A.1 MRTG ( C) A.1.3 mrtg.cfg MRTG mrtg.cfg MRTG cfgmaker Perl MIB(Management Information Base) mrtg.cfg kaeru.cfg A.1.4 cfgmaker ( IP ) > kaeru.cfg > cfgmaker public@ > kaeru.cfg kaeru.cfg ##################################################################### # System: kaeru # Description: Sun SNMP Agent, Ultra-60 # Contact: System administrator # Location: System administrators office ###################################################################### ### Interface 2 >> Descr: hme0 Name: Ip: Eth: b2-4e-ac ### Target[ _hme0]: \hme0:public@ : SetEnv[ _hme0]: MRTG_INT_IP=" " MRTG_INT_DESCR="hm e0" 36

46 A.1 MRTG MaxBytes[ _hme0]: Title[ _hme0]: Traffic Analysis for hme0 PageTop[ _hme0]: <H1>Traffic Analysis for hme0 </H1> <TABLE> </TR> <TR><TD>System:</TD><TD>kaeru in System administrators office</td> <TR><TD>Maintainer:</TD><TD>System administrator</td></tr> <TR><TD>Description:</TD><TD>hme0 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> :</TD><TD>ethernetCsmacd (6)</TD></TR>  <TR><TD> :</TD><TD>12.5 MBytes/s</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Ip :</TD><TD> ()</TD></TR> </TABLE> # A.1.5 kaeru.cfg kaeru.cfg kaeru.cfg WorkDir: Web Directory[ ]: > cd public html > mkdir MRTG/kaeru kaeru.cfg 37

47 A.1 MRTG WorkDir: /home/lab/kiku02/asuka/public html/mrtg Directory[ hme0]:kaeru A.1.6 mrtg mrtg Perl kaeru.cfg > mrtg kaeru.cfg 3 A.1.7 cron WWW kaeru.cfg 5 Unit cron crontab /5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/mrtg /home/lab/kiku02/asuka/mrtg/kaeru.cfg crontab cron > crontab crontab A.1.8 Title PageTop MRTG.html.html Perl mrtg mrtg 38

48 A.2 SNMP > su # xemacs /usr/local/bin/mrtg mrtg (890 ) <META HTTP-EQUIV-= Content-Type CONTENT= text/html;.&$loc ( charset=x-jis-jp ). \ > \ n ; A.2 SNMP MRTG Target Keyword: Targer SNMP SNMP Target[<target name>] <target kind> <community>@<address> <target name> <target kind> <community> string <address> A.2.1 SNMP Port (ifindex ) SNMP OID /SNMP MIB symbol Interface Address 39

49 A.2 SNMP Port (ifindex ) SNMP Client Port (ifindex) IfInOctets ifoutoctets 1 Target[gw1-3] 3 public@gw1.foo.co.jp gw1.foo.co.j ifindex=3 Interface ifinoctets/ifoutocters 2 Target[gw1-3] 3 public@gw1.foo.co.jp 1 In/Out SNMP OID /SNMP MIB symbol SNMP OID(Object ID) MIB symbol 1 2 & 3 Target[gw1-3] ifinerrors.3&ifouterrors.3 public@gw1.foo.co.jp ifinerrors/ifouterrors 4 Target[gw1-3] & public@gw1.foo.co.jp OID Interface Address ifinoctets ifoutoctets 5 Target[gw1-3] / public@gw1.foo.co.jp 6 Target[gw1-3] / public@gw1.foo.co.jp 5 In/Out Interface addres OID/MIB symbol 7 Target[gw1-3] ifindiscards/ &ifoutdiscards/ public@gw1.foo.co.jp ifoutdiscards/ifoutdiscards 8 Target[gw1-3] / & /

50 A.2 SNMP 7 OID Target[<target name>] <command> <targer name> <command> Target 41

51 B MRTG mrtg.cfg 5 WorkDir Target[ ] MaxBytes[ ] Title Page Top[ ] B.1 MRTG # B.1 Workdir Web WorkDir: /home/lab/kiku02/asuka/public html/mrtg 42

52 B.1 B.1.1 [ ] MRTG ( B.3) B.4 B.2 IconDir MRTG URL IconDir: /img Refresh 300 Refresh: 600 Language Language: iso2022jp 43

53 B.1 AbsMax[ ]: MaxBytes Unscaled[ ]: ymwd MaxBytes y=year,m=month,w=week,d=day WithPeak[ ]: y,m,w ymw Suppress[ ]: MRTG 4 ymwd Extension[ ]: MRTG.html B.3 Target[ ]: MaxBytes[ ]: MRTG Title[ ]: HTML PageTop[ ]: MRTG HTML 44

54 B.1 Directory[ ]: WorkDir MRTG Xsize[ ]: Xsize Ysize[ ]: Ysize 20 YticsFactor[ ]: Factor[ ]: Options[ ]: growright, bits ( 8 ) nopercent Gauge Kilo[ ]: MRTG Background[ Background HTML ]: Ylegend[ ]: ShortLegend[ ]: b/s LegendI[ ]: LegendI O 1 ( IN ) 2 ( OUT ) 45

55 B.1 Legend1[ ]: Legend ( IN ) 2 ( OUT ) WithPeak 1 WithPeak 2 46

56 B.1 B.5 ThreshDir[ ]: MRTG ThreshMinI[ % MaxBaytes ]: Thresh- Max Min I O 1 MinO[ ]: ( IN ) 2 ( ThreshMaxI[ OUT ) MaxO[ ]: ThreshDesc[ ]: THRESH DESC ThreshProgI[ Max Min ]: Thresh- ]: Thresh- ProgO[ ]: 47

57 C ucd-snmp ucd-snmp ucd-snmp tar.gz >cd /usr/local/src >tar xzvf ucd-snmp tar.gz >cd ucd-snmp >./configure with-libwrap=/usr/local/lib ( ) ) -press return to continu (Enter) system contact information: asuka@kikuken.org system location:thinkpad Server location to write logfile (/usr/log/snmpd.log):(enter) location to write persistent information (/var/ucd-snmp):(enter) >make >su #make install /usr/local/sbin/snmpd /usr/local/bin/snmpget 48

58 /usr/local/bin/smpwalk /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs snmp.conf EXAMPLE.conf /usr/local/share/snmp/ snmp.conf snmpd #cp EXAMPLE.conf /usr/local/share/snmp/snmp.conf #chmod 600 /usr/local/share/snmp/snmp.conf /usr/local/share/snmp/snmp.conf #vi snmp.conf sec.name source community com2sec local localhost private com2sec mynetwork /24 kikuken group sec.model sec.name #group MyPwGroup v1 local #group MyPwGroup v2c local #group MyPwGroup usm local group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork group MyPOGroup v2c mynetwork group MyPOGroup usm mynetwork # incl/excl subtree mask view all included.1 80 view system included system fe view mib2 included.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt..mib-2 fc 49

59 # context sec.model sec.level match read write notif access MyROGroup any noauth exact all none none access MyRWGroup any noauth exact all all none syslocation ThinkPad Server syscontact Asuka snmpd >su #cd /usr/local/sbin #snmpd #exit >su >ps -ax grep snmpd >snmpwalk -v 1 localhost private system : #cd /etc #vi services snmp 161/tcp snmptrap 162/tcp snmp trap 162/udp 50

60 D Apache Apache apache tar.gz >mkdir /usr/local/src >cd /usr/local/src >tar xzvf apache tar.gz >cd apache >env OPTIM=-O2./configure enable-module=so ( ) (DSO ) >make >su #make install httpd.conf #cd /usr/local/apache/conf #xemacs httpd.conf port User nobody Group nobody serveradmin asuka@kikuken.org 51

61 #servername DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/htdocs Alias /icons /usr/local/apache/icons/ Script Alias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/ UserDir public html asuka/ public html <Direcory /usr/local/apache/htdocs > DocumentRoot Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI AllowOverride None Drder allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory /home/*/public html> AllowOverride Authconfig FileInfo Indexes Limit Option ExecCGI CGI Option Indexes Deny from all Allow from /24 Allow from localhost /24 </Directory> Directory index.html index.htm index.shtml index.cgi index.php 52

62 ErrorDocument 401/401.html 401(Unauthorized) ErrorDocument 403/403.html 403(Forbidden) ErrorDocument 404/404.html 404(NotFound) CGI AddHandler cgi-script.cgi <Directory /home/*/public html> AddCharset EUC-JP.html </Directory> #/usr/local/apache/bin/apachect/ start #/usr/local/apache/bin/apachect/ stop #/usr/local/apache/bin/apachect/ restart Apache 53

63 E PHP PHP php j18n-ja.2.tar.gz php tar.gz php3 >cd /usr/local/src >tar xvzf php i18n-ja.2.tar.gz >cd php >./configure with-pqsql with-zlib enable-track-vars with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs with-snmp enable-ucd-snmp-hack enable-i18n enable-mbregex >make >su #make install configure -with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs Apache DSO with-snmp, enable-ucd-snmp-hack SNMP 54

64 #cd /usr/local/src/php i18n-ja-2/php3.ini-dist php3.ini /usr/local/lib/php3.ini php4 >cd /usr/local/src >cd php >./configure with-pgsql wit-zlib with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs with-snmp enable-mbstring enable-mbstr-enc-trans enable-versionning >make >su #make install enable-versioing PHP3 PHP4 Apache ( ) PHP #cd /usr/local/apache/conf #vi httpd.conf PHP LoadFile /usr/local/lib/libpg.so LoadModule php3-module /usr/local/apache/libexec/libphp3.so LoadModule php4-module /usr/local/apache/libexec/libphp4.so AddModule mod-php3.c AddModule mod-php4.c # AddType application/x-httpd-php3.php3 55

65 AddType application/x-httpd-php3.html AddType application/x-httpd-php3-source.phps AddType application/x-httpd-php.php AddType application/x-httpd-php.html AddType application/x-httpd-php-source.phps Directory Index index.html index.htm index.shtml index.cgi index.php index.php3 #/usr/local/apache/bin/apachect/ configtest #/usr/local/apache/bin/apachect/ restart PHP >cd public html/jikken/php/php3/test.php3 <?php echo phpinfo();?> PHP www asuka/jikken/php/php3/test.php3 php4 php3 56

wide96.dvi

wide96.dvi 10 245 1 WIDE MAWI WG SNMP WWW WIDE TCP 1. SNMP 2. TCP 247 2 SNMP 2.1 MAWI( NetStat) WIDE NNStat WIDE NOC NNStat SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP SNMP SNMP TCP/IP WWW SNMP SNMP HTML MRTG(Multi