mthesis.dvi
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- すずり そめや
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1 Study of multiple electron transfer processes to Highly charged ions with microcapillary targets : /01/19
2 Classical over barrier(cob) EBIS Microcapillary Target Xe q+ (q=3,6,9) Xe ECR kev/q Xe 6+ (MCP ) kev/q Xe kev/q Xe 6+ (Ni Microcapillary ) Xe Xe keV/q Xe
3 kev/q Xe
4 classical over barrier model H. Winter Xe q+ (1 q 33) [4] Briand Ar 17+ X [5] kev/q Xe mini-ebis mini-ebis Wien Filter Wedge Meander Strip Anode PSD PSD Ni SEM ev/q Xe q Auger Monte Calro Simulation Auger ev/q Xe kev/u N 6+ [15] RIKEN 14.5GHz Caprice ECR Delay Line Anode PSD Delay Line Anode Am PSD (MCP) Ni MCP
5 Mylar nano tube 3keV Ne +7 [17] MCP Xe 6+ (q f =0, 1) MCP Xe 6+ (q f =2, 3, 4) Xe Ni ( ) Ni Xe 6+ (0 q f 5) Ni Xe Xe Xe 6+ ( ) Xe 6+ (Y ) Xe kev/q Xe Xe kev/q Xe
6 Bell Laboratory Hagstrum [1] potential emission potential emission Auger Auger 1980 Ryufuku Classical over barrier model (COBm) [2] 1991 J. Burgdörfer [3] 1993 H. Winter Xe q+ (1 q 33) Al [4] (Hollow Atom, HA) 1990 Briand Ar 17+ Ag K-X [5] K-X COBm K-X (HA2) (HA1) 1991 Meyer N 6+ Ar q+ (q =7, 8, 9) Au Auger HA1 [6] HA1 Yamazaki [7] 5
7 : (x, y, z) x-y (z = 0) z 0 (0, 0,Z i ) q Fig.1.1 (0, 0, Z i ) z =0 z 0 (x, y, z) z 0 U(x, y, z) 3 (1.1) U(x, y, z) = 1 4z q x 2 + y 2 +(z + Z i ) 2 q x 2 + y 2 +(z Z i ) 2 (1.1) (1.1) (x, y, z) =(0, 0, 40) Fig(1.2) (a) (x, y, z) =(0, 0, 20) Fig(1.2) (b) (1.1) Z s U s 6
8 1.2: Z s Z i 8q (1.2) 2q U s (1.3) Z i Classical over barrier(cob) Classical over barrier(cob) Ryufuku [2] Burgdörfer [3] - - Z c (1.3) U s = W 2q Z c W (1.4) 7
9 E n q/2z 1/4z n c E n = q2 2n 2 c E n = W (1.5) + q 2Z i 1 4Z i (1.5) E n = W = q2 2n 2 c + q 2Z i 1 4Z i (1.6) Z i (1.4) n c n c = q { } ( )q 1 1/2 2 (1.7) W 2q q 1/2 n c = = = { } 1/2 q ( )q W 2q q 2 W (1 + 8) q q W 1 2(1 + q 8 ) (1.8) W 0.2 a.u. n c q (1.9) Xe 6+ Al 20 a.u (1.5) Fig.1.3 Al n=
10 1.3: classical over barrier model Xe 6+ Al Z c =20a.u Z i W Al W 0.15 a.u 9
11 q 2 (z) E = dz (1.10) 4z2 COB Z c 2q Z c (q) = (1.11) W E = W 3 2 q3/2 (1.12) H. Winter Xe q+ (1 q 33) Al (Fig. 1.4) (Fig.1.4(B)) (Fig.1.4(C)) COB (1.12) [4] 1.4: H. Winter Xe q+ (1 q 33) [4] 10
12 Meyer Pb q 3/2 [8] 1.3 (1.4) 1 (1.4) q q 1 1.5: Auger Briand Ar 17+ Ag X K L (Fig.1.6)[5] 10keV sec (HA1) Auger Auger sec 11
13 (A) (B) 1.6: Briand Ar 17+ X [5] Auger X (1.10) q Fig.1.7 Z c (q) Z c (q) sec 1.7: 12
14 sec Yamazaki (Fig.1.8) Ne 9+ K K 6 [7] 1.8: - 13
15 1.9: (A) (B) (1) (2) ( ) (3) : (4) : (5) (C) (B) 14
16 Fig.(1.9) (B) (1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (5) (C) (B) (B) (1) Z c (q) ( (1.4)) q f ρ q F (q) = ρ2 (ρ Z c (q)) 2 ρ 2 2Z c(q) ρ (1.13) 200nm 6 99% 1% q f q f F (q f ) F (q f ) = (ρ Z c(q f )) 2 (ρ Z c (q f + 1)) 2 ρ 2 2ρ(Z c(q f +1) Z c (q f )) ρ 2 8(q f +1) 8q f Wρ (1.14) (1.14) F (q f ) q f Fig.(1.9) 15
17 (1.10) (1.11) q f 1.5 EBIS(Electron Beam Ion Source) (RIKEN) ECRIS(Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Soource) Fig.1.10(a) 5 kev/q Xe 6+ (PSD) -2.5kV +2.5kV PSD Fig.1.10(b) 5 kev/q Xe 6+ PSD 16
18 1.10: 5 kev/q Xe 6+ 17
19 EBIS (EBIS) Donetz [9] Fig.2.1 mini-ebis 2.1: mini-ebis EBIS Okuno [10] Kakutani [11] 2keV 18
20 2.1.2 Fig.2.2 Wien (m/q) 2.2: mini-ebis- Wien EBIS 1 Wien Wien Fig.2.3 Wien v B E v = E (2.1) B Wien Velocity Selecter 19
21 V ex v = 2qeV ex m (2.2) e ) (2.1) m q = 2eV exb 2 E 2 (2.3) Wien slit m/q 2.3: Wien Filter Fig mm 5mm 10 mm 70 mm 35 mm) (Position Sensitive Detector, PSD) Wedge-Meander-Strip anode PSD Fig.(2.4) (PSD) (MCP) Wedge-Meander-Strip anode MCP MCP
22 3 MCP Al 2 O 3 MCP Al Ge Wedge-Meander-Strip anode [12] MCP 2.7kV MCP MCP Au W Mesh(100 mesh/inch) MCP Mesh MCP MCP MCP MCP -100 V (a) Mesh insulator triple stacked MCP Ge Layer W.M.S anode W output M output S output fast output (b) (c) Strip y Wedge Meander x 1.5 mm 2.4: Wedge Meander Strip Anode PSD MCP Ge Wedge-Meander-Strip PSD (x, y) Wedge Meander Strip Q w Q m Q s x = Q s Q w + Q m + Q s, y = Q w Q w + Q m + Q s (2.4) PSD 241 Am α ( 0.41 mm 16 mesh/inch) MCP PSD Mesh α α Fig.(2.5) 2 PSD 21
23 2.5: PSD 22
24 2.1.4 Microcapillary Target Fig.(2.6) 2.1 ρ[nm] 100 l[nm] 700 [% ] 65 Ni 2.1: ( ) 2.6: Ni SEM [(a) (b) (3) 45 ] 23
25 Xe q+ (q=3,6,9) Ni 800eV/q Xe q+ (q=3,6,9) Fig.(2.7) 80% (1.13) 1% 20 20% U COBm (1.14) q f U Ninomiya N 6+ [13] Tőkési 2.7: 800 ev/q Xe q+ 800eV/q Xe nm 700nm Ni Auger Monte Calro Simulation (Fig.2.8)[14] q =6 1% 1% 24
26 q =6 q f =5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 Auger q f =6 q f Auger COBm Auger 20nm 80% Fig.(2.9) 2.8: Auger Monte Calro Simulation 800eV/q Xe nm 700nm Ni [15] 25
27 2.9: Auger [ (q f =6) 20 nm ] 26
28 2.2.2 Xe 6+ Fig.(2.10) Xe 6+ q f : 800 ev/q Xe 6+ 2 (1) : (2) : q f =0 6 (3)2 : 3 (1),(2),(3) COB (1) (1.12) 15 ev 4.8 kev 15/ mrad( 3.2 ) Fig.(2.10) 0.5 (2.2) 27
29 (1.10) (1.11) Z c (q) 1 / Angle[degree] E im [ev ] q f Exp. Calc. Exp. Calc e e e e e e e-2-2.2: 800 ev/q Xe 6+ (2) (2.2) q f =6 6 2 q f =0 q f =1 (3) 2 Fig.(1.9) kev/u N 6+ Tőkési (Fig.2.11)[15] (3) COB COBm 28
30 2.11: 2.1 kev/u N 6+ [15] 29
31 Ninomiya 1/10 ( 50%) 50% 2 20 nm SEM (1) (2) (3) 2 3 (Micro channel plate, MCP) MCP 1 µm (1.13) 0.1% 1 MCP Ni 30
32 ECR ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, ECRIS) (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) B f c f c = eb (3.1) m e f rf f c = f rf (ECR ) ECR ECR f rf ECR 14.5GHz Caprice (BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4) Fig GHz Caprice 1kV 20kV Fig.3.2 ECR analyzing magnet quadrupole magnet switching magnet switching magnet BL3 BL3 steering deflector Einzel four jaw slit 1700 mm 1.5 mm four jaw slit 1.5 mm 10 8 Torr 31
33 3.1: RIKEN 14.5GHz Caprice 32
34 3.2: ECR - 33
35 3.1.3 Fig.3.3 φ φ : 400mm ICF mmφ 15 mm 0.3 mmφ x-y ( 60 mm 60 mm) 10 mm 5kV (Fig.1.10(b)) PSD 12 mm Fig
36 3.4: 35
37 Delay Line Anode PSD Fig.3.5(a) PSD Fig.3.5(b) (c) (a) PSD 2 MCP Al 2 O 3 Delay Line PSD MCP Wedge-Meander-Strip anode PSD Delay Line Delay Line Bare Cu (Fig.3.6) Delay Line 2 (X1s, X2s) Delay Line Delay Line Delay Line Delay Line(reference wire) Bare Cu Lecher cable [16] Delay Line anode PSD PSD 241 Am α MCP 3mm ( 3mm 250 µm) PSD Fig Am α Hg α discriminator 241 Am.3.1 PSD MCP V f V Signal wire V s 400 V MCP V b 0V Reference wire V s 350 V Anode Holder V h 100 V Mesh V m 0V 3.1: Delay Line anode PSD 36
38 3.5: Delay Line Anode PSD 37
39 3.6: Delay Line Anode 3.7: 241 Am PSD 38
40 MCP (Micro channel plate, MCP) MCP Fig : (MCP) (a)mcp (b)mcp Al (c)mcp (d) :6 µm :300 µm :59% MCP 25 mm 300 µm 6 µm PSD MCP MCP ( :0 ) Al Al 3 µm MCP (Fig.3.8 (b)) Fig.3.9 MCP MCP 39
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41 3.9: [(a)mcp (b) (a) (c) ( ) (d) ( )] 40
42 (2) (2) 7mmφ (1) MCP MCP 7mmφ 1mm 5mm (3) (2) (4) 5mmφ MCP 1 Fig.3.9(c) (d) MCP 34 mm Ni 3mmφ Ni 6mm 5mmφ (Fig.3.3) Fig.3.10 θ ϕ 3.10: 41
43 Ni 10 MCP 1/50 20 mrad 2 ±0.1 ( 1.7 mrad) Ni MCP Ni MCP Ni φ5mm 200mm 12 mm Current Integrator Fig.3.11 / MCP 6 µm 300 nm 300 µm 1500 nm % 35 % ( Al ) Ni 3.2:.3.2 Fig.3.11 MCP Ni 25% Ni SEM 42
44 3.11: Ni MCP 43
45 3.3 5 kev/q Xe 6+ (MCP ) MCP MCP 3.2 Fig.3.12 θ ϕ q f =0 q f =1 q f =0 q f =1 PSD Fig.3.12 (1) (2) q f =0 q f =1 (1) MCP (2) (Fig.3.13) q f =1 (2) MCP Stolterfoht Mylar 80 nm 10 µm Ne 7+ 5 [17] 0.5 q f =2 (1) (2) kev/q Xe MCP (2) Fig.3.15 (a) q f =0 q f =1 (b) Y q f =0 q f =1 q f =0 q f =1 (1) (2) Fig.3.16 (a) q f =2 q f =3 q f =4 (b) Y q f =0 q f =2 q f =3 q f =4 q f =3 q f =4 (b) 44
46 / θ [degree] ϕ [degree] (a) 0 0 (b) (c) (d) : 45
47 3.13: 3.14: Mylar nano tube 3keV Ne +7 [17] 46
48 3.15: MCP Xe 6+ (q f =0, 1) [(a) (b) Y ] 47
49 q f =2 (c) q f =2 q f =3 q f =4 (d) q f q f =0 q f =4 q f =5 q f =5 q f =6 PSD q f =6 q f 4 q f =5 q f =6 q f =6 PSD MCP q f =6 q f =5 q f =6 q f =5 MCP q f =0 q f =4 Fig.3.17 (a) (b) (a) Y (b) PSD (FWHM) 4ch PSD 1ch 0.08 mm 0.32 mm 0.3 mmφ PSD 170 mm θ i θ i mrad(0.02 ) (3.2) q f =2, 3, 4 FWHM 0.4 mm 0.8 mrad( 0.05 ) 20 mev (1.10) ev 10 mev 48
50 3.16: MCP Xe 6+ (q f =2, 3, 4) [(a) q f =0, 1. (b) (a) Y. (c) q f =0, 1. (d) (c) Y.] 49
51 3.17: Xe 6+ [(a) Xe 6+ (b) (a) Y ] kev/q Xe 6+ (Ni Microcapillary ) Ni [18] Fig.3.18 Ni ( ) SEM Xe 6+ Fig.3.19 (a) (b) (c) (d) Y 5 kev/q Xe 6+ q f Fig.3.20 Experiment. (1.13) (1.14) Fig.3.20 Calculation. U Tökesi COB Auger Fig.3.20 Simulation with Auger process. SEM 200 nm Ni SEM 100 nm 20 nm COB 50
52 3.18: Ni ( ) (a) (b) (c) 45 51
53 3.19: Ni Xe 6+ (0 q f 5) [(a) q f =0, 1, 2. (b) q f =2, 3, 4, 5. (c) (a) Y. (d) (b) Y.] 52
54 3.20: Ni Xe 6+ [Auger ( :300nm)] 53
55 3.4.2 Xe COBm mmφ 5mmφ ( ) Fig.3.21 Fig.??(b) FWHM 4ch 0.32 mm (3.2) θ i θ i 0.3 mrad (0.02 ) 3.21: Xe 6+ [(a) Xe 6+ (b) (a) Y ] Fig.3.19 Fig.3.22 Fig.3.23 q f 0.4 mm 0.9 mrad (0.05 ) 10 mev (1) (3.3) (1.10) (1.11) Ni 54
56 (2) Fig.3.23 (a) (b) q f =0 q f =1 (1) Ni MCP q f =0 q f =1 FWHM 2.5 mm 1.9 mm 7.7mrad(0.44 ) 5.9mrad(0.34 ) 1.8 ev 1.1 ev / Angle[degree] E im [ev ] q f Exp. Calc. Exp. Calc e e e e e e e-2-3.3: 5 kev/q Xe 6+ PSD 3.3 Ni Ni SEM (Fig.3.18) (a) 310 nmφ (b) 380 nmφ Ni (Fig. 1.9) 55
57 3.22: Xe 6+ ( ) 56
58 3.23: Xe 6+ (Y ) 57
59 Z c keV/q Xe kev/q Xe mmφ 5mmφ ( ) Fig FWHM 0.04 θ 3.24: Xe 6+ [(a) Xe 6+ (b) ] Fig q f
60 q f (Fig. 1.9) kev/q Xe 6+ 5 kev/q Xe 6+ q f PSD PSD 1 kev/q q f mmφ 5mmφ ( ) Fig kev/q Xe 6+ Ni q f Fig (1.10) (1.11) 3.4 / Angle[degree] E im [ev ] q f Exp. Calc. Exp. Calc e e e e e e e-2-3.4: 1 kev/q Xe 6+ 59
61 3.25: 5 kev/q Xe 6+ 60
62 θ 3.26: Xe 6+ [(a) Xe 6+ (b) ] mev ( 15 mev) 2 q f 5 kev Xe 6 q f 1 kev/q Xe 6+ PSD Ni Ni
63 3.27: 1 kev/q Xe 6+ 62
64 4 mini-ebis RIKEN 14.5GHz Caprice Xe 6+ (MCP) Ni 3 COB Auger COB Fig.1.9 q f 5keV/q 1keV/q Ni Ni (1.11) MCP MCP 300 µm 1kV TOF 63
65 Wien K. Tőkési PSD PSD PSD MCP D4 PSD D2 - D2 EBIS D2 M2 PSD PC Franzen M2 M1 64
66 [1] H. D. Hagstrum: Phys. Rev. 91, 543 (1953) [2] H. Ryuhuku, K. Sasaki and T. Watanabe : Phys. Rev. A21, 7451 (1980) [3] J. Burgdörfer, P. Lerner and F. W. Meyer : Phys. Rev. A44, 5674 (1991) [4] H. Winter, C. Auth, R. Schuch and E. W. Beebe : Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1939 (1993) [5] J. P. Briand, L. de Billy, P. Charles, S. Essabaa, P. Briand, R. Geller, J. P. Desclaux, S. Bliman and C. Ristori : Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 159 (1990) [6] F. W. Meyer, S. H. Overbury, C. C. Havener, P. A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, J. Burgdörfer and D. M. Zehner : Phys. Rev. A44, 7214 (1991) [7] Y. Yamazaki, S. Ninomiya, F. Koike, H. Masuda, T. Azuma, K. Komaki, K. Kuroki, M. Sekiguchi : J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 1199 (1996) [8] F. W. Meyer, L. Folkerts, H. O. Folkerts and S. Schippers : Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B98, 441 (1995) [9] E. D. Donetz : IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-23, 904 (1976). [10] K. Okuno : Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1124 (1989). [11] K. Kakutani: PhD Thesis, Institute of Physics, University of Tokyo (1995) [12] N. Okabayashi: Master s Thesis, Institute of Physics, University of Tokyo (1999) [13] S. Ninomiya, Y. Yamazaki, F. Koike, H. Masuda, T. Azuma, K. Komaki, K. Kuroki, M. Sekiguchi : Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4557 (1997) [14] K. Tőkési, L. Wirtz, C. Lemell and J. Burgdörfer : Phys. Rev. A61, (R) (2000) [15] K. Tőkési : private communication. [16] S. E. Sobottka and M. B. Williams : IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 35, 348 (1988) [17] N. Stolterfoht, J. H. Bremer, V. Hoffmann and D. Fink : 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions, Berkeley, Ca, July/August 2000 [18] H. Masuda, M. Ohya, K. Nishio, H. Asoh, M. Nakao, M. Nohtomi, A. Yokoo and T. Tamamura : Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L1039 (2000) 65
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研究成果報告書
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φ φ φ φ κ κ α α μ μ α α μ χ et al Neurosci. Res. Trpv J Physiol μ μ α α α β in vivo β β β β β β β β in vitro β γ μ δ μδ δ δ α θ α θ α In Biomechanics at Micro- and Nanoscale Levels, Volume I W W v W
d > 2 α B(y) y (5.1) s 2 = c z = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u) c z y 1 d 2 + α c z y t y y t- s 2 2 s 2 > d > 2 T c y T c y = T t c = T c /T 1 (3.
![d > 2 α B(y) y (5.1) s 2 = c z = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u) c z y 1 d 2 + α c z y t y y t- s 2 2 s 2 > d > 2 T c y T c y = T t c = T c /T 1 (3.](/thumbs/92/109966568.jpg "d > 2 α B(y) y (5.1) s 2 = c z = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u) c z y 1 d 2 + α c z y t y y t- s 2 2 s 2 > d > 2 T c y T c y = T t c = T c /T 1 (3.")
5 S 2 tot = S 2 T (y, t) + S 2 (y) = const. Z 2 (4.22) σ 2 /4 y = y z y t = T/T 1 2 (3.9) (3.15) s 2 = A(y, t) B(y) (5.1) A(y, t) = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u), u = x(y + x 2 )/t s 2 T A 3T d S 2 tot S
質量数30-40,100領域の高スピン変形状態の研究
質量数 30-40,100 領域の高スピン 変形状態の研究 井手口栄治東大 CNS Outline 重イオンビームを用いて行ってきた高スピン状態のこれまでの研究と今後の計画 質量数 100 領域の高スピン状態 107 In の高スピン状態の研究 質量数 30-40 領域の高スピン状態 40 Ca の高スピン状態 今後の研究計画 A~110 領域の高スピン状態 A~30-40 領域の高スピン状態 107
Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, A Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity I, Phys. Rev. 122, 345 (1961). http://prola.aps.org/pdf/pr/v122/i1/p345_1 Y. Nambu and
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25 3 4 1 µ e + ν e +ν µ µ + e + +ν e + ν µ e e + TAC START STOP START veto START (2.04 ± 0.18)µs 1/2 STOP (2.09 ± 0.11)µs 1/8 G F /( c) 3 (1.21±0.09) 5 /GeV 2 (1.19±0.05) 5 /GeV 2 Weinberg θ W sin θ W
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1 / 37 5-4 6.1 1 2 / 37 1 (1) FePt AuAg (2) CdSe ZnSXY 2 O 3 X X : ZnO (3) SiO 2 (4) (5) 2 1 3 / 37 1 (1) FePt AuAg (2) CdSe ZnSXY 2 O 3 X X : ZnO (3) SiO 2 (4) (5) 3 4 / 37 1Tbits/cm 2 HD FePt FePt 110nm
,, Andrej Gendiar (Density Matrix Renormalization Group, DMRG) 1 10 S.R. White [1, 2] 2 DMRG ( ) [3, 2] DMRG Baxter [4, 5] 2 Ising 2 1 Ising 1 1 Ising
![,, Andrej Gendiar (Density Matrix Renormalization Group, DMRG) 1 10 S.R. White [1, 2] 2 DMRG ( ) [3, 2] DMRG Baxter [4, 5] 2 Ising 2 1 Ising 1 1 Ising](/thumbs/94/118770363.jpg ",, Andrej Gendiar (Density Matrix Renormalization Group, DMRG) 1 10 S.R. White [1, 2] 2 DMRG ( ) [3, 2] DMRG Baxter [4, 5] 2 Ising 2 1 Ising 1 1 Ising")
,, Andrej Gendiar (Density Matrix Renormalization Group, DMRG) 1 10 S.R. White [1, 2] 2 DMRG ( ) [3, 2] DMRG Baxter [4, 5] 2 Ising 2 1 Ising 1 1 Ising Model 1 Ising 1 Ising Model N Ising (σ i = ±1) (Free
m dv = mg + kv2 dt m dv dt = mg k v v m dv dt = mg + kv2 α = mg k v = α 1 e rt 1 + e rt m dv dt = mg + kv2 dv mg + kv 2 = dt m dv α 2 + v 2 = k m dt d
m v = mg + kv m v = mg k v v m v = mg + kv α = mg k v = α e rt + e rt m v = mg + kv v mg + kv = m v α + v = k m v (v α (v + α = k m ˆ ( v α ˆ αk v = m v + α ln v α v + α = αk m t + C v α v + α = e αk m
15
15 1...1 1-1...1 1-1-1...1 1-1-2...3 1-1-3...4 1-1-4...5 1-2...5 1-2-1...5 1-2-2...6 1-3...6 1-3-1...6 1-3-2...7 1-3-3...8 1-3-4...8 1.4 Co-Pt...9 1.5...9 2...10 2-1...10 2-1-1...10 2-1-2...10 2-2...11