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1 Personality and Individual Differences. 38(8), (8) Critical thinking ability and belief in the paranormal Hergovich, Andreas; Arendasy, Martin 2005 Key Word Critical thinking (Ennis1985) Beyer1985) 2000) Reasoning ability cf Paranormal phenomenon (parapsychology) 1

2 Tobacyk1984 Messer and Griggs1989 Musch and Ehrenberg Irwin1993 JonesRusseland Nickel1997 Wierzbicki1985 Irwin1991 Blackmore Troscianco1985et al, Blackmore1997MatthewsBlackmore1995 Musch and Ehrenberg

3 r47 Aicock and Otis1980 WGCTA Morgan and Morgan1998 WGCTA 1 Gray and Mill Roe1999 3

4 Musch and Ehrenberg CCTT WGCTA 30 CCTT90 WGCTA90 WMT paranormal experience, and PBS 4

5 CCTT Cornell Critical Thinking Test (Ennis & Millmann, 1985) 7 52 WGCTA Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (Watson & Glaser, 2002) WMT Wiener Matrizen-Test (Formann & Piswanger, 1979) Aubeck(1989) PBS 5

6 Lange, Irwin, and Houran (2000) 2 (a) New Age Philosophy (b) Traditional Paranormal Belief CCTT.61 WGCTA.78 WMT.84 PE.61 PBS.89 WMTCCTT WGCTA CCTT(r=.53)WGCTAr=.47 Table 1. Descriptive statistics Mean SD Min Max CCTT WGCTA WMT PE PBS Remarks: CCTA, Cornell Critical Thinking Test; WGCTA, Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal; WMT, Wiener Matrizen-Test; PE, Paranormal Experiences; PBS, Paranormal Belief Scale. CCTTWGCTA Table2 6

7 Table2 Table 2. Correlations between Critical Thinking and Paranormal Belief/Experiences Scores PBS Tradit. Para New Age Phil. Paranorm. Exper. CCTT (n = 90) WGCTA (n = 90) Remarks: CCTA, Cornell Critical Thinking Test; WGCTA, Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal; PBS, Paranormal Belief Scale. WMTr=.22 Table3 Traditional ReligiositySuperstition r=.23table3 Table 3. Correlations between Reasoning and Belief/Experiences Scores (total sample: n = 180) Reasoning PE.06 TPB.22** NAP.05 PBS-Score.17 Trad. Religiosity.23** Psi.07 Witchcraft.09 7

8 Reasoning Superstition.23** Spiritualism.11 Extraord. Life.00 Precognition.09 Remarks: TPB, Traditional Paranormal Belief; NAP, New Age Philosophy; PE, Paranormal Experiences. ** p < MANOVA // (high /low) (high /low) high /low WMT,CCT,WGCTA New Age Philosophy Traditional Paranormal BeliefParanormal Experiences F(3,164)=2.15,p<0.01 F(6,330)=.86,p>.05 (F(3,164)=2.15,p>.05) Traditional Paranormal Belief New Age Philosophy Table 4. Effects of Reasoning Ability on Pararnomal Belief/Experiences Reasoning ability Cell means Univariate tests Low High F df p TPB , 166 <.01 NAP , 166 <.05 8

9 Reasoning ability Cell means Univariate tests Low High F df p PE , 166 >.05 Remarks: TPB, Traditional Paranormal Belief; NAP, New Age Philosophy; PE, Paranormal Experiences. WMT CCTTWGCTAr=.50 9

10 2 Roe 3 6 New Age Philosophy F=6.35, p<.05 4 Irwin,1991 WMT CCTT WGCTA 2 3 NAP NAP 4 10

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