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1 A Study on Applying the Chaos Theory of Careers to Career Counseling : A Theoretical Framework of the CTC Counseling KASHIWAGI, Hitoshi Abstract Life is complex and uncertain, so is the world in which we live and develop careers. To understand, decide and act in a complex, changing and interconnected career context, we need to use not only traditional theories such as matching approaches but also recent conceptual contributions in the field of career development. The Chaos Theory of Careers CTC, advocated by Pryor, R. and Bright, J. reflects and incorporates such complexity and uncertainty in the career research, based on the Chaos Theory developed in the natural science. In this article, the author reviews CTC, focusing on its main concepts such as fractal and attractors, and attempts to outline the theoretical framework of the career counseling based on CTC. CTC counseling, according to Pryor and Bright, integrates the two often competing counseling and assessment perspectives of the current career development literature, and has the distinctive aspects such a prediction and pattern making, plans and planning, openness, risk as endeavor, and scalable thinking. Key Words career development, Chaos Theory of Careers CTC, career counseling, CTC counseling, fractal CTC CTC CTC CTC CTC CTC CTC
2 NCDA Nationa Career Development Association,: Galassi Galassi, Grace, Martin, James and Wallace, Savickas Pryor and Bright, Amundson e.g. Bright, Pryor and Harpham, ; Mitchell, Levin and Krumboltz,
3 Arnold,; Mitchell, et al., Taleb Bright and Pryor shiftwork Lorenz,
4 chaos deterministic,:,:,:,:,:,: e.g. Brown,; Savickas, Savickas, Nota, Rossier, Dauwalder, Duarte, Guichard, Soresi, Esbroeck and Van Vianenfrom scores to stories Lorenz,,
5 Super e.g. Super, positive uncertainty Gelatt, planned happenstance Mitchell, Levin, and Krumboltz, spirituality Bloch,Gelatt positive uncertainty Bright e.g. Bright and Pryor, CTC : Chaos Theory of Careers Maze, CTC
6 Pryor and Bright, : p. attractor,: CTC Pryor and Bright, Pryor and Bright, Butz, Kauffman, end state Bright,
7 ,; Peters,; Senge, Pryor and Bright, spirituality Pryor and Bright, Pryor and Bright, Lewis and Junyk Pryor and Bright CTC point attractor,
8 Pryor, pendulum attractor win-win Pryor and Bright,: p. taurus attractor
9 strange attractor Lorenz, Gell-Mann, Bright Pryor and Bright closed systemopen system
10 Bright CTC
11 CTC Pryor, Amundson and BrightCTC Bright and Pryor Bright and Pryor
12 CTC CTC CTC CTC CTC Pryor and Bright : p. CTC CTC Pryor and Bright
13 Pryor and BrightCTC Bright and Pryor, CTC schema CTC
14 Mandelbrot, p. fractal Mandelbrot Mandelbrot, recursion Koch snowflake Wolfram Mathworld
15 Pryor and Bright, p. Briggs, p. CTC CTC Savickas Savickas,: pp. Holland Pryor and Bright, p. Pryor and Bright, :p. CTC Borg, Bright and PryorLorenz
16 Pryor and Bright, p. CTC Sartre CTC CTC Pryor and Bright, :p.
17 Pryor and Bright, pp. CTC CTC CTC CTC
18 CTC Gell-Mann,Savickas, p. CTC CTC CTC
19 CTC CTC CTC
20 Pryor and Bright, :p. CTC Amundson,, Harvey and Harrild Zander and Zander, Butz CTC Pryor and Bright, CTC Pryor and Bright,:p. CTC Pryor and Bright,: p.
21 CTC Watts, CTC Tseng and Carter,CTC Ormerod CTC
22 Taleb Taleb Holland Savickas CTC CTC Pryor and Bright,: p.
23 CTC Gellat magical thinking Pryor and BrightMitchell, Levin, and Krumboltzluck readiness serendipity CTC CTC Bright and Pryor, Weiler and Schoonover Rescher Smithcalling CTC
24 Pryor and Bright, p. Pryor CTC CTC CTC CTC
25 CTC Amundson, N., Active engagement:enhancing the career counseling process, Ergon Communications. Amundson, N., Walking the yellow brick road, Journal of Employment Counseling, Vol., pp.. Arnold, J., The congruence problem in John Holland s theory of vocational decisions, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol., pp.. Bloch, D., Complexity, chaos, and nonlinear dynamics : A new perspective on career development theory, Career Development Quarterly, Vol., pp.. Borg, T., Bright, J. and Pryor, R., The butterfly model of careers : Illustrating how planning and chance can be integrated in the careers of high school students, Australian Journal of Career Development, Vol., pp.. Briggs, J., Fractals the patterns of chaos : Discovering a new aesthetic of art, science and nature, New York, NY : Simon & Schuster. Bright, J. and Pryor, R., Shiftwork : A chaos theory of careers agenda for change in career counseling, Australian Journal of career Development, Vol., pp.. Bright, J., Pryor, R. and Harpham, L., The role of chance events in career decision making, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol., pp.. Brown, D., Career information, career counseling and career development, Pearson. Butz, M., Chaos theory : Philosophically old, scientifically new, Counseling and Values, Vol., pp.. Galassi, J. P., Grace, R. K., Martin, G. A., James, R. M. and Wallace, R. L., Client preferences and anticipations in career counseling : A preliminary investigation, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol., pp.. Gelatt, H., Positive uncertainty : A new decision making framework for counseling, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol., pp.. Gelatt, H., Creative decision making : Using positive uncertainty, Crisp Publications. Gell-Mann, M., The quark and the jaguar : Adventures in the simple and the complexity, Freeman. Harvey, C. and Harrild, B., Comfortable chaos, Self-Counsel Press. Holland, J. L., Making vocational choices, 2 nd ed, Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-hall. Kauffman, S., At home in the universe The search for laws of self-organization and complexity Lewis, M. and Junyk, N., The self-organization of psychological defenses, Masterpasqua, F.
26 and Perna, P. eds., The psychological meaning of chaos : Translating theory into practice, pp.. American Psychological Association. Lorenz, E., The essence of chaos, University of Washington Press Mandelbrot, B., Fractals : Form, chance and dimension, WH Freemand and Company. Maze, J., The concept of attitude, Inquiry, Vol., pp.. Mitchell, K., Levin, A. and Krumboltz, J., Planned happenstance : Constructing unexpected career opportunities, Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol., pp.. Ormerod, P., Why most things fail : Evolution, extinction and economics, John Wiley. Peters, T., Thriving on chaos : Handbook for a management revolution, Random House. Pryor, R., Self directed search : Manual and related materials, Australian Journal of Career Development, Vol., pp.. Pryor, R. and Bright, J., The luck readiness index, Congruence Pty Ltd/Bright and Associates. Pryor, R. and Bright, J., Applying chaos theory to careers : Attraction and attractors, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol., pp.. Pryor, R. and Bright, J., The Chaos Theory of Careers : A new perspective on working in the twentyfirst century, Routledge. Pryor, R., Amundson, N. and Bright, J., Possibilities and probabilities : The role of chaos theory, Career Development Quarterly, Vol., pp.. Rescher, N., Luck : The brilliant randomness of everyday life, University of Pittsburg Press. Savickas, M. L., The spirit in career counseling : Fostering self-completion through work. In D. Bloch and L. Richmond eds., Connections between spirit and work in career development : New approaches and practical perspectives, Davies-Black Publishing, pp.. Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J., Duarte, M., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Esbroeck, R. V. and Van Vianen, A. E. M., Life designing : A paradigm for career construction in thest century, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol., pp.. Senge, P., The fifth discipline : The art and practice of the learning organization, Random House. Smith, G., Courage and calling : Embracing your God-given potential, Intervarsity Press IVP. Super, D. E., Vocational adjustment : Implementing a self-concept, Occupations, Vol., pp.. Taleb, N., The black swan : The impact of the highly improbable, Random House. Tseng, M. and Carter, A., Achievement motivation and fear of failure as determinants of vocational choice, vocational aspiration, and perception of vocational prestige, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol., pp.. Watts, A., The changing concept of career : Implications for career counseling, in Feller, R. and Walz, G. eds., Career transitions in turbulent times ; Exploring work, learning and careers, pp., ERIC/CASS. Weiler, N. and Schoonover, S., Your soul at work. Five steps to a more fulfilling career and life, Hidden Spring. Wolfram Mathoworld Zander, R. and Zander, B., The art of possibility : Transforming professional and personal life, Penguin.
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