Microsoft Word コンピュータ関連知識
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1 (1) 4 1. (supercomputer) 2. (mainframe) (large scale computer) (general purpose computer)] 3. (minicomputer) (midrange computer) Workstation,WS 4. (Personal Computer, PC) 24 room-size computer mainframe computer central computing 1950 large scale computer computing Minicomputer 1960 departmental computing (computing) minicomputer personal computer () 1970 personal computing (computing) microcomputer ( ) IBM IBM The first IBM large-scale electronic computer manufactured in quantity /04/29,1953/04/07 PC PC PC 1
2 (2) First-mover Product MITS Altair8800(1975) Apple AppleII(1977) Commodore PET2001(1977) Tandy TRS-80(1977) IBM IBM Personal Computer(1981) 1 First-mover First-mover MITS Altair8800 (1977) [] ir_8800.jpg 2 Follower First-mover Apple AppleII (1977) [] pple_iieuroplus.jpg Osborne Osborne 1(1981) [] orne1.jpg 3 First-mover Commodore PET2001(1977) [] T2001.jpg IBM IBM PC(1981) [] M_PC_5150.jpg Tandy TRS-80(1977) [] S-80_Model_I_-_Rechnermuseum_Cropped.jpg 2
3 (3) First-mover First-mover Follower IBM(1953) A. NEC B. DEC(1963) HP C. PC Apple MITS(1975) C-1 PC IMSAI(1975) C-2 8bit PC C-2-1 8bitPC C-2-2 8bitPC C-3 16bitPC C-3-1 CUI OS 16bitPC C-3-2 GUI OS 16bitPC Apple, Commodore, Tandy(1977) Osborne(1981) IBM(1981) Apple(1983,1984) Osborne(1981) Xerox(1981),DEC(1982) Apple(1983,1984) (4) a ()IBM 1950 PC 1960 IBM IBM 7 (Burroughs, UNIVAC, NCR, Control Data, Honeywell, General Electric RCA) IBM 7 (IBM and the Seven Dwarfs) General Electric Honeywell 1971 RCA Sperry Rand 5 BUNCH 3
4 b c. PC MITS 25% IMSAI 17% Processor Technology 8% RadioShack 50% 26% 18% 2 Commodore 12% 20% 16% Apple 10% 19% 23% 3 IBM 14% NEC 7% Osborne 7% 50% 28% 35% 15% 15, , ,000 1,500, [] Farner, Gary Noble (1982) A competitive Analysis of the personal computer industry, unpublished S.M. thesis (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Alfred P. Sloan School of Management), May 1982., p.18 Table 3.1 PC Industry Unit Sales and Concentration d. PC Dedrick, Jason; NEC Epson n.a. IBM Apple n.a Compaq n.a. n.a. n.a Kraemer, Kenneth L.(1998) Asia s Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States & the World?, Oxford University Press,p.83 4
5 e ,8080,Z80 8bit 30(79%),44(63%),63(62%) 6800,650x 8bit 4(11%) 16(23%),30(30%) bit PC Bit 1975/ 10/ / 1/7 1976/ 4bit Intel bit Intel 8080 Motorola /9 Intel Intel Zilog Z-80 2 Motorola MOS Technology 650x bit PDP-8 DEC PDP-8(1964) []Warren, J.(1977) Personal and Hobby Computing: an Overview, Computer, Volume: 10, Issue: 3, p.14 < 1976/6/ Mos Technology New Jersey Amateur Computer Group MOS Technology 6502 (,p.14) 16bit DEC PDP-11 DEC PDP-11/20(1970) 1 DEC LSI-11(1975) f. 1977,1981,1890,1995 8bit 16bit [] Gruber, H. (2000) The evolution of market structure in semiconductors: the role of product standards, Research Policy,29, p.735 ICE bit 4004 first-mover Intel bit 80088bit first-mover PC 8bit (1) 8080 Intel PC bit bit PC first-mover first-mover Intel first-mover 86 Intel 32bit 32/64bit Intel 65% 70% 60% 77% Motorola N/A 20% 21% 5% AMD - - 1% 7% Cyrix/IBM % - 10% 18% 6% [1] 8bit Motorola
6 g. MIPS []Makimoto,T., Eguchi,K., Yoneyama, M. (2001) The Cooler the Better: New Directions in the Nomadic Age, Computer, April 2001,p.40 (i4004,i8008,i8086,i80386,i486,pentium,pentium Pro,Pentium II) (6800,68000,68020,68040,PowerPC)PC f. 1977,1981,1890, bit 8bit 16bit first-mover follower PC (1984)32bit first-mover first-mover h. x86 Albrecht, D. (2005) AMD v. Intel: American Antitrust Law in the 21st Century Engineering Law AMD Intel (the 2005 AMD lawsuit against Intel)p.9 Intel 90%AMD 9% x86 Intel 8 80% 6
7 (5) a. OS (Operating System Software) b.,application Software) c. Programming Language Software) d. BIOS(Basic Input/Output System ) OS(, operating system 5 (6) a. b. a. b. 1.OS(, operating system
Title < 研究ノート >1980 年代のコンピュータ専門誌雑誌報道に見るホームコンピュータのホビーユースの概況 Author(s) 鈴木, 真奈 Citation 科学哲学科学史研究 (2015), 9: Issue Date URL
Title < 研究ノート >1980 年代のコンピュータ専門誌雑誌報道に見るホームコンピュータのホビーユースの概況 Author(s) 鈴木, 真奈 Citation 科学哲学科学史研究 (2015), 9: 115-127 Issue Date 2015-03-31 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/197248 Right Type Departmental Bulletin
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