2 Table 2 UV/EB Curing Applications Table 3 UV/EB Formulated Product Segment (2003) DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

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1 Current Status and Updates on Radiation Curing Resin for Coating Technology It took over 30 years in global market that radiation curing has become an established technology in industrial coatings and other applications involve inks, adhesives, electronic device and optical materials. Currently it is regarded as an earth-friendly and best available technology that has already substituted mainly solvent borne systems. Besides good performance properties of the coatings and high productivity of the process have played an important role for the success of radiation curing. This review shows a present situation of the radiation technology for coating mainly, and provides the latest topics. ABE Youichi 1 Table 1 Market Radiation Curing in Europe DIC Technical Review No.11 /

2 2 Table 2 UV/EB Curing Applications Table 3 UV/EB Formulated Product Segment (2003) DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

3 Table 4 List of Photo Curable Materials Table 5 Features and Structure of Typical Urethaneacrylates DIC Technical Review No.11 /

4 Fig. 1 Preparation of epoxyacrylate. Fig. 2 Typical structure of epoxy resin DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

5 Fig. 3 Preparation of acrylic co-polymer with acrylate group. Fig. 4 Preparation of acrylic co-polymer with methacrylate group. DIC Technical Review No.11 /

6 Fig. 5 Preparation of water soluble UV resin with quaternary ammonium salt. 3.3 Fig. 6 Epoxy compounds for cationic UV cure system. 6 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

7 Fig. 8 Vinyi ether compounds. Fig. 7 Oxetane compounds. Fig. 9 Photo polymerization of vinyl ether and maleimide. Fig. 10 Maleimide oligomer. 3.4 Tabel 6 Film Properties of MIA200 DIC Technical Review No.11 /

8 3.5 Fig. 11 Typical thiol-ene photopolymerization. 8 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

9 Fig. 12 Acrylphosphine oxide. Fig. 13 Cationic photoinitiator. 4.1 DIC Technical Review No.11 /

10 Table 7 Raw Materials Market Overview Table 8 Application Market Overview 10 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

11 Fig. 14 Falling sands resistance in UV hard coating. Table 9 UNIDIC Film Properties Fig. 15 Comparison of Taber mar resistance in several coatings. 4.2 DIC Technical Review No.11 /

12 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

13 4.6 5 Fig. 16 Synthesis route of urethane acrylate using nonisocyanate compound DIC Technical Review No.11 /

14 Fig. 17 Example synthesis of a branched resin and proposed mechanism for radical generation. Fig. 18 Proposed mechanism for oxime carbamate photodecomposition. Fig. 19 Hybrid urethane acrylate oligomers. 14 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

15 Fig. 20 Formation of MEMO treated silica (SIMA) by acid catalyzed grafting of MEMO onto the surface of silica nanoparticles. 5.6 Fig. 21 Photo-DSC of HDDA in air with 1wt% of different phospjorus compounds. Photoinitiator is 1wt% DMPA, light intensity is 1.0 mw/cm 2. (a) TPP, (b) TEP, (c) Tributylsphosphate, and (d) Triphenyl phosphate. Fig. 22 Proposed mechanism of the singlet generation and trapping processes in the photochemical method to measure oxygen concentration. DIC Technical Review No.11 /

16 Fig. 23 (A) Rp versus time plot for hydroxylalkyl acrylates; (a) HEA, (b) HPA, and (c) HBA, and (d) HA at 25 with 1 wt% DMPA. Light intensity is 1.05 mw/cm 2 and (B) Possible hydrogen bonding in hydroxyalkyl acrylates. Fig. 24 2K/UV acrylic urethane cure mechanism. 16 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

17 Table 10 Key Features of 2K Urethane and UV Coatings Fig. 27 Comparison of the hardness after sunlight exposure of outdoor and indoor pigmented paints containing either 3% of VOC or 3% of a photocrosslinkable diacrylate monomer/cq mixture. Fig. 25 Effect of cure schedule on the conversion of NCO and C=C functionalities Fig. 26 Formulas and UV-visible absorption spectra of the diketones in acetonitrile. Comparison with the typical light emission spectrum of the Sun. Fig. 28 Proposed equation for computing photoinitiator (PI) quantum yeild based on photo DSC. DIC Technical Review No.11 /

18 Table 11 Relative Quantum Efficiencies of Commercial Photoinitiators 5.11 Fig. 29 Stain resistance of EB cured film stratified on glass based on the mixture of polyurethane acrylate and multifunctional acrylate. Table 12 Optical and Physical Properties of the EB Cured Films 18 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

19 DIC Technical Review No.11 /

20 ABE Youichi 20 DIC Technical Review No.11 / 2005

Current Status and Updates on Radiation Curing Resin for Coating Technology It took over 30 years in global market that radiation curing has become an

Current Status and Updates on Radiation Curing Resin for Coating Technology It took over 30 years in global market that radiation curing has become an SUGIE Kazuo Current Status and Updates on Radiation Curing Resin for Coating Technology It took over 30 years in global market that radiation curing has become an established technology in industrial coatings

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