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1 : MPI MPI 1 MPI MPI(Message Passing Interface) MPI UNIX Windows Machintosh OS, MPI Fig. 1 A B C F Fig. 2 A B F Fig Fig Fig. 3 1

2 . Fig. 4 Fig. 3 Fig. 4. MPI 3 MPI MPI MPIF(MPI Forum) API(Application Program Interface) MPI MPI_Send MPI MPI 3.1 MPI MPI API TCP/IP MPI 3.2 MPI MPI PVM 2

3 3.3 MPI MPI MPICH MPICH MPICH 4 MPI Programming MPI. 4.1 MPI Table 1. Table 1 MPI Init() MPI Comm size() MPI Comm rank() MPI Finalize() MPI - - rank MPI MPI MPI COMM WORLD rank : ID 0 MPI Fig ,... rank0 rank1 0,. Table 2. Table 2 rank0 Data rank1 rank1 rank1 rank0 Data rank0 3

4 /* (1) */ #include "mpi.h" int main(int argc, char **argv) { int numprocs, myid; /* (2) MPI */ MPI_Init(&argc,&argv); /* (3) numprocs */ MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&numprocs); /* (4) rank myid rank */ MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&myid); /* (5) */ } /* (6) MPI */ MPI_Finalize(); return 0; Fig. 5 MPI. MPI MPICH MPI. MPICH. SSH Secure SHell.. MPI FTP Sun NFS Network File System Fig. 6 /home Fig. 6 NFS 4

5 4.4 MPICH,,. UNIX rsh MPI. MPI mpirun., MPI., machines.linux. Fig. 7 Fig. 7 MPI MPI, ID,.,, IF,. ID MPI,,. 5 MPICH 5.1 C MPI C mpicc. MPI C MPI..,. bash$ mpicc samplecpi.c -o samplecpi 5.2 MPI,. bash$ mpirun -np 8 samplecpi -np,.., samplecpi.,,., rsh Remote SHell,. MPICH,. MPI-2. 5

6 6 MPICH 6.1 MPI MPI SIMD.,,. MPI MPI COMM WORLD., MPI COMM RANK. 1,., MPI Comm rank,, if(rank == 0){ // }., Fig. 8. if(myrank==0){ } if(myrank==1){ } Fig ,.,.MPI,.,,,.,n,,0,1,2, n ,. 1.,.,,. 2.,. 3.,.1) tag.2)communicator. 6.4 MPI MPI ,,,,,., MPI SEND(buffer,count,datatype, destination,tag,communicator) 6

7 void *bufin int count (IN) MPI Datatype datatype (IN) int dest (IN) int tag (IN) MPI Comm comm (IN) MPI RECV(buffer,count,datatype,source, tag,communicator,status) void *buf(out) int sourcempi ANY SOURCE (IN) int tagmpi ANY TAG (IN) MPI Status *status (OUT), MPI ANY SOURCE. MPI ANY TAG. source status,,,.,, status. Fig. 9 MPI Send MPI Recv MPI SENDRECV(sendbuf,count,datatype,tag, communicator,recvbuf,count,datatype,tag,communicator) void *sendbufin int sendcount (IN) MPI Datatype sendtype (IN) int dest (IN) int sendtag (IN) void *recvbuf(out) int recvcount (IN) MPI Datatype recvtype (IN) int sourcempi ANY SOURCE (IN) int recvtag (IN),MPI SEND MPI RECV,. MPI SENDRECV Fig. 10 MPI Wait() 7

8 int buf2[100]; error= MPI_Send(buf2,5,MPI_INT,1,1234,MPI_COMM_WORLD); error = MPI_Recv(buf1,5,MPI_INT,0,1234,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&status); int a[50]; error= MPI_Send(a,20,MPI_INT,1,5678,MPI_COMM_WORLD); int n; error= MPI_Send(&n,1,MPI_INT,1,1111,MPI_COMM_WORLD); Fig. 9 MPI 8

9 Fig. 10. int MPI Isend(void* sendbuf,int sendcount,mpi Datatype sendtype, int dest,mpi Comm comm,mpi Request *request) MPI request ( ) (OUT) MPI Request : int MPI Irecv(void *recvbuf,int recvcount, MPI Datatype recvtype, int source,int recvtag, MPI Comm comm,mpi request *request) int MPI Wait(MPI request *request,mpi Status *status) MPI Wait request request MPI REQUEST NULL status 6.4.2,,,. MPI BCAST(sendbuf,count,datatype,root,communicator) Fig. 11 void *buf int count MPI Datatype datatype int root rank MPI Comm comm int MPI Reduce ( void *sendbuf, void *recvbuf, int count, MPI Datatype datatype, MPI op op, int dest, MPI Comm comm ) 9

10 Fig. 11. void *sendbuf void *recvbufdest rank MPI Op op MPI GATHER(sendbuf,count,datatype,recvbuf,datatype,communicator) (Fig. 12). Fig. 12 MPI GATHER. MPI SCATTER., (Fig. 13). Fig. 13 MPI SCATTER. 10

11 MPI ALLGATHER.GATHER.,ALLGATHER (Fig. 14). Fig. 14 MPI ALLGATHER. MPI ALLTOALL,. SCATTER.,ALLTOALL (Fig. 15). Fig. 15 MPI ALLTOALL. URL MPI [hello ] #include <stdio.h> #include "mpi.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int myid,procs,src,dest,tag=1000,count; char inmsg[10],outmsg[]="hello"; MPI_Status stat; MPI_Init(&argc,&argv); 11

12 MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&myid); count=sizeof(outmsg)/sizeof(char); if(myid == 0){ src =1; dest =1; /*"hello"*/ MPI_Send(outmsg,count,MPI_CHAR,dest,tag,MPI_COMM_WORLD); MPI_Recv(inmsg,count,MPI_CHAR,src,tag,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&stat); printf("%s from rank %d\n",inmsg,src); }else{ src =0; dest =0; MPI_Recv(inmsg,count,MPI_CHAR,src,tag,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&stat); MPI_Send(outmsg,count,MPI_CHAR,dest,tag,MPI_COMM_WORLD); printf("%s from rank %d\n",inmsg,src); } MPI_Finalize(); return 1; } [] #include <mpi.h> #include <stdio.h> #define M int main(int argc,char *argv[]){ int i,j,rank,pnum,data[m],local_sum=0,global_sum,n; MPI_Init(&argc,&argv); MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&rank); MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&pnum); for(i=0;i<pnum;i++){ if(rank==i){ N=(M+i)/pnum; for(j=0;j<n;j++)data[j]=1; for(j=0;j<n;j++)local_sum+=data[j]; } } MPI_Reduce(&local_sum,&global_sum,1,MPI_INT,MPI_SUM,0,MPI_COMM_WORLD); if(rank==0)printf("sum = %d\n",global_sum); MPI_Finalize(); return(0); 12

13 } MPI Reduce Fig

14 Fig. 16 1) MPI 2) 14

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±é½¬£²¡§£Í£Ð£É½éÊâ 2012 8 7 1 / 52 MPI Hello World I ( ) Hello World II ( ) I ( ) II ( ) ( sendrecv) π ( ) MPI fortran C wget http://www.na.scitec.kobe-u.ac.jp/ yaguchi/riken2012/enshu2.zip unzip enshu2.zip 2 / 52 FORTRAN