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1 Bilikozen & Akyel, 2014 Grabe 2009 p.14

2 22 Day & Bamford, 1998;, 2016; Mason, 2006; Mason & Krashen, 1997;, 2014; Nuttall, 1996; Robb & Kano, Grabe 1995 Day and Bamford 1998 Milliner and Cote 2014 graded readers GR Milliner and Cote Robb and Kano 2013 Moodle

3 23 Day and Bamford 1998, 2002 Robb, 2015 graded reader Kanda 2011 Kanda Bell 2001 Bell

4 TOEIC Xreading GR Extensive Reading Foundation Graded Reader Scale GR 11 GR GR GR WPM words per minute. 1 90

5 25 Xreading Xreading 4 15 Xreading 6 1 Xreading 1 7, ,000 Nation Xreading GR 70, GR 1 Xreading Kanda

6 Xreading WPM ,000 6, , Month Mean SD 95% CI May [6377.9, ] June [4806.4, ] July [3479.3, ] September [-143.3, 422.8] October [3888.3, ] November [4491.7, ] December [3725.8, ] January [3996.4, ] Note: CI = Confidence Interval

7 : p May Jun. Jul. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 4-cluster solution.018*.000*.030* *.009* * 3-cluster solution.007*.000*.013* *.019*.031*.011* 2-cluster solution.002*.017*.012* * * * p < WPM 3 : 1, 2, 3 5, 7, WPM May July January Cluster Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Xreading

8 28 4 Vocabulary Grammar Reading Xreading n Apr. Jan. Apr. Jan. Apr. Jan. 38 Mean SD Mean SD Xreading 2 : p =.002, 2 p =.13 : p <.001, 2 p =.19 : p <.001, 2 p = : 1, 2, 3 : 4, 1 2 : F 1, 35 = 9.516, p =.004, 2 p =.21; : F 1, 35 = , p =.001, 2 p = F 1, 35 = 3.279, p =.050, 2 p =.16 3 F 1, 8 = 5.020, p =.055, 2 p =.38 5 Vocabulary Grammar Reading n Apr. Jan. Apr. Jan. Apr. Jan. Cluster 1 12 Mean SD Cluster 2 17 Mean SD Cluster 3 9 Mean SD

9 29 5. Xreading Cluster 1 n = 12 Cluster 2 n = 17 Cluster 3 n = 9 Month Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD May June July September October November December January Cluster 2 Cluster 1 Cluster 3 May Jun. Jul. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 2

10 30 : 1 3 : May Dec. 2 p <.001, 2 p = p =.001; p = GR 9 3 Xreading 1 Xreading 5 11 Day and Bamford 1998, 2002 GR Xreading 2015,

11 31 Xreading Xreading Xreading Nation 2009 Beglar and Hunt WPM ,

12 32 Day and Bamford 1998 Simensen GR 9 Beglar, D., & Hunt, A. (2014). Pleasure reading and reading rate gains. Reading in a Foreign Language, 26, 29. Bell, T. (2001). Extensive reading: Speed and comprehension. The Reading Matrix, 1. Bilikozen, N., & Akyel, A. (2014). EFL reading comprehension, individual differences and text difficulty. The Reading Matrix, 14. Day, R.R., & Bamford, J. (1998). Extensive reading in the second language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Day, R., & Bamford, J. (2002). Top ten principles for teaching extensive reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14, Grabe, W. (1995, March). Why is it so difficult to make extensive reading the key component of L2 reading instruction? Presentation (and handout) at the Reading Research Colloquium, Annual TESOL Convention, Long Beach, CA. Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kanda, M. (2011). The significance of word count in long-term extensive reading. 9, : 27,

13 33 Mason, B., (2006). Free voluntary reading and autonomy in second language acquisition: Improving TOEFL scores from reading alone. Foreign Language Teaching, 2, 2-5. Mason, B. & Krashen, S. (1997). Extensive reading in English as a foreign language. System, 25, : 26, Milliner, B., & Cote, T. (2014). Effective extensive reading management with Xreading. The Language Teacher 38, Nation, P. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL reading and writing. New York: Routledge. Nuttall, C. (1996). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. Oxford: Heinemann. Robb, T. (2015). Quizzes A sin against the sixth commandment? In defense of MReader. Reading in a Foreign Language, 27, 146. Robb, T., & Kano, M. (2013). Effective extensive reading outside the classroom: A large-scale experiment. Reading in a foreign language, 25, Simensen, A.M. (1987). Adapted readers: How are they adapted? Reading in a Foreign Language, 4, = , = ,

14 34

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