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1 1 1 2 a b c d a b c 3 1. はじめに 権威主義体制と選挙はいかなる関係にあるのか? Larry Diamond electoral democracy 2 227

2 現代中国の 選挙民主主義 と選挙研究 ⑴ 中華人民共和国における主な選挙の種類と制度改革の概要 a

3 b

4 c

5 19 20 d

6 45 27 party-state system 28 ⑵ 村民委員会選挙を事例とする中国の 選挙民主主義 29 a

7 , Ford Foundation Asia Foundation Carter Center b

8 45 access to power 34 1 Melanie Manion 35 c Jie Lu b 1 b & c c b & c 234

9 d a & b & c e 38 Fubing Su

10 Robert D. Putnam

11 おわりに 2 party-state system 237

12

13 表 1 全国の村民委員会選挙における法定手続きの履行状況 (2002 年と 05 年の二時点比較 ) 1 選挙管理委員会の設立 a 2 b c 候補者の推薦 a 3 b c 正式候補者の決定 a b c 239

14 年 2005 年 35.7% 37.0% % 46.4% % 5.0% % 5.0% % 0.5% % 1.9% % 4.0% 差額選挙 での投票 a 選挙の各段階ごとの遵法状況 a 4 b c 4 d 17 e Jie Lu, Varieties of Electoral Institutions in China s Grassroots Democracy: Cross- Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence from Rural China, The China Quarterly, no. 210 June 2012, pp

15 注 Larry Diamond, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999, p Jennifer Gandhi, Political Institutions under Dictatorship New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008 ; Steven Levitsky and Lucian A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War New York: Cambridge University Press, Jennifer Gandhi and Ellen Lust-Okar, Elections under Authoritarianism, Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 12, June 2009, p Kevin J. O Brien, Introduction: Understanding China s Grassroots Elections, in Kevin J. O Brien and Suisheng Zhao eds., Grassroots Elections in China London and New York: Routledge, 2011, xi He Junzhi, Independent Candidates in China s Local People s Congress: A Typology, Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 19, no. 64, March

16 O Brien, Introduction, xiii Journal of Contemporary China 2001 Larry Diamond The China Quarterly 2 10 Larry Diamond and Ramon H. Myers eds. Elections and Democracy in Greater China Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press,

17 Gunter Schubert, Studying Democratic Governance in Contemporary China: Looking at the Village Is Not Enough, Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 18, no. 60, June 2009, p Jie Lu, Varieties of Electoral Institutions in China s Grassroots Democracy: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence from Rural China, The China Quarterly, no. 210 June 2012, p Kevin J. O Brien and Rongbin Han, Path to Democracy?: Assessing Village Election in China, Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 18, no. 60, June 2009, p Kevin J. O Brien and Liangjiang Li, Accommodating Democracy in a One- Party State: Introducing Village Elections in China, The China Quarterly, no. 162 June 2000, p China Elections and Governance Review org/news/publications/peace/china_elections_governance_review.html 34 O Brien and Han, Path to Democracy?, p Melanie Manion, How to Asses Village Election in China, Journal of 243

18 45 Contemporary China, vol. 18, no. 60, June 2009, p O Brien, Introduction, xi Allen Carlson et al., Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods, and Field Strategies New York: Cambridge University Press, Lu, Varieties of Electoral Institutions in China s Grassroots Democracy, p Ibid., p Fubing Su, Tao Ran, Xin Sun and Mingxing Liu, Clans, Electoral Procedures and Voter Turnout: Evidence from Villagers Committee Elections in Transitional China, Political Studies, vol. 59, no. 2 June Ibid., p Ibid., p D Robert D. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, 1993 NTT O'Brien and Han, Path to Democracy?, pp , , , ,217 5, , , articles/-/1754?page

Making Democracy Work Making Democracy Work 2 21 22 142

Making Democracy Work Making Democracy Work 2 21 22 142 Making Democracy Work 1 Making Democracy Work et al 141 Making Democracy Work Making Democracy Work 2 21 22 142 et al 23 143 3 31 144 32 145 4 146 147 148 B p B p B p B p B p N R Bp 149 5 Bowling Together

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