2006a2007b Beebeatal1990 3) ) 2 1 DiscourseCompletionTest DCT 2 roleplay DCT DCT DC
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1 No Abstract This paper discusses Refusal expressions by Japanese university students and high school students. The results of my Discourse Role tests show: 1. When university students refuse the request by their elder brothers and sisters, they work on the requester's selfish-face by using statement of alternative. 2. When high school students refuse the request, they work on the selfish-face of their elder brothers and sisters by using insult. 3. To close seniors, university students and high school students work on the mutual face by using apology. 4. To close seniors, university students work on speaker's negative face, too. But high school students do not do so. (Discourse Role test) (politeness) (Semantic formulas) (face) 1 1) 2) 2007a
2 2006a2007b Beebeatal1990 3) ) 2 1 DiscourseCompletionTest DCT 2 roleplay DCT DCT DC
3 No Discoursecompletiontest Roleplay turntaking DiscourseRoletest
4 Beebeetal
5 No BrownandLevinson1978 BL Goffman1976 5) face positiveface 6) negativeface 7) FaceThreatening ActsFTA positiveface negativeface positivepoliteness 8) negativepoliteness politenessstrategy socialdistance power absolute rankingofimposition FTA weight FTA FTA offrecordnegativepolitenesspositivepoliteness baldonrecord 1 DotheFTA DontdotheFTA FTA onrecordoffrecord baldonrecord facesavingact FTA positivepoliteness negativepoliteness Lesser FTA weight Greater
6 BL BL Thomas negativeface positiveface bald on record () () 1 negative face positive face negative face 1 2 positive face negative face
7 No selfishface or speakersface mutualface hearersface positiveface negativeface semifacepositiveface negativeface positiveface positiveface negativeface positiveface negativeface negativeface positiveface negativeface semiface negativeface
8 selfishface positive negative face face semiface 9) 11) 12) hearers mutualface face positiveface positiveface positive face 10) positiveface negativeface 89 13)
9 No selfishface positiveface selfishface negativeface negative face
10 3 23 negativeface 2 negativeface 3 negative face 3 negativeface negativeface negativeface
11 No positive face selfishface negative face semiface hearers mutualface face positiveface positiveface positiveface positiveface negativeface
12 selfishface mutualface selfishface mutualface mutual face positive face positive face positive face negative face 4 (mutual face positive face positive face) 5 (mutual face positive face positive face) 6 (mutual face positive face negative face) 45 positiveface positiveface
13 No positiveface 6 positiveface negativeface negativeface 4 1 ( )selfish-face negative face negativeface 2 ( ) mutual face mutual face positive face positive face positive mutual face positive face negative face negativeface negativeface negativeface
14 1) Searle1969 2) ) 4) 1994p31 5) BL face positiveface negativeface 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) hearersface negativeface semiface 11) selfishface positiveface 40 7 selfishface positiveface 40 selfishface positiveface 12) selfishface positiveface 20 3 selfishface positiveface 20 selfishface positiveface 13) ol31no1 ol31no pp
15 No pp a 2006b a b pp Vol5pp pp BeebeLM TakahashiT UlissWeltzR1990 PragmaticTransferinRefusals InRCScarcellaEAndersonSCKrasheneds DevelopingCommunicative CompetenceinaSecondLanguageNewYork pp5573newburyhousepublishers BrownP SCLevinson1987Politeness SomeUniversalsinLanguageUsage Cambridge CambridgeUniversityPress GoffmanE1976 RepliesandResponses LanguageinSocietyVol5pp CambridgeUniversityPress HindsJ1982EllipsisinJapaneseCarbondaleILLinguisticResearchInc MiriamE BodmanJ1993 ExpressingGratitudeinAmericanEnglish EnglishTeaching49 pp TanakaN1993Thepragmaticsofuncertaintyitsrealizationandinterpretationin EnglishandJapaneseUnpublishedPhDThesisLancasterUniversity ThomasJ 1995 MeaninginInteraction AnIntroductiontoPragmaticsLondon Longman
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No.432008 12 Abstract This paper discusses the notion of Face Composition Phenomena that is proposed by the author and used for the analysis of refusal expressions. The merits of the notion of Face Composition
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橡hashik-f.PDF
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