Alliance [1] HNW; Home Network DLNA HNW IPv4 NAT HNW DMS Digital Media Server DLNA DLNA SIP Session Initiation Protocol [2] HNW [3], [4], [5] Web DMS

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1 DLNA 1,a) , IPv4 NAT NTMobile Network Traversal with Mobility DLNA DMP Digital Media Player NTMobile DLNA Agent UDP DMS Digital Media Server DMP DMS DMS DMP IP DLNA AProposalofaRemoteDLNA Communication System for Mobile Internet Kohei Shimizu 1,a) Hidekazu Suzuki 1 Katsuhiro Naito 2 Akira Watanabe 1 Received: May 2, 2013, Accepted: October 9, 2013 Abstract: This paper proposes a remote DLNA communication system that makes sharing multimedia contents incredibly easy between a home network and an external network, by expanding functions of Network Traversal with Mobility ( NTMobile ) that can achieve mobility and NAT traversal in IPv4 networks simultaneously. In our proposed method, a Digital Media Player (DMP) which exists outside of the home network creates a virtual UDP tunnel with DLNA Agent in the home network by using the NTMobile, and can get access to the contents stored in a Digital Media Server (DMS) in the home network. By implementing our proposed method in a prototype system, we confirmed that the DMP recognizes the DMS within the home network and that we are able to browse the contents held in DMS. In addition, we also confirmed that reproduction of content is maintained even if the IP address changes due to the reason that the DMP switches networks during communication. Keywords: DLNA, home network, mobile internet, multimedia system 1. 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi , Japan 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie , Japan a) @ccalumni.meijo-u.ac.jp HDD PC DLNA Digital Living Network DICOMO & c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 494

2 Alliance [1] HNW; Home Network DLNA HNW IPv4 NAT HNW DMS Digital Media Server DLNA DLNA SIP Session Initiation Protocol [2] HNW [3], [4], [5] Web DMS [6] VPN Virtual Private Network HNW [7], [8] IPv4 ISP CGN Carrier Grade NAT [9] CGN NAT SIP LTE WiMAX IP IPv4 Mobile IPv4 [10] [11] NAT [12] UDP [13] HA Home Agent Mobile IPv4 DLNA Mobile IPv4 DLNA DMS HNW NAT VPN STUN Session Traversal Utilities for NAT [14] TURN Traversal Using Relays around NAT [15] NAT [16] Mobile IPv4 VPN Mobile IPv4 IPsec ESP [17] NAT HNW HA VPN DLNA IPv4 NAT NTMobile Network Traversal with Mobility [18], [19] NTMobile IP IP UDP NAT UDP NTMobile NAT HNW NAT NTMobile DLNA NTMobile DLNA DLNA DMP Digital Media Player NTMobile HNW NTMobile DLNA Agent HNW DMP NAT DLNA Agent UDP DLNA Agent HNW DMS DMP DMS DMP NTMobile DMP c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 495

3 2 DLNA 3 NTMobile DLNA DLNA HNW PC DLNA DLNA UPnP [20] HTTP 2.1 DLNA 1 DLNA (1) DMP DLNA SSDP Simple Service Discovery Protocol [21] M-SEARCH DMS IP URL 200 OK DMP HNW DMS (2) DMP URL HTTP GET DMS 200 OK DDD Device Description Document DMP DMS (3) DMS DDD CDS Content Directory Service URL SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol Browse DMS 200 OK XML DMP DMS (4) DMP HTTP URL DMS DMP DMS 2.2 DLNA HNW HNW DMS DMP 1 M-SEARCH M-SEARCH HNW DMP HNW DMS 2 NAT 200 OK DMS 1 DMS HNW DMP HNW DMS 3 DMS IP DMS 2 DMP DMS DMS 3. NTMobile 1 DLNA Fig. 1 Sequence of DLNA communication. NTMobile IP UDP IPv4 NTMobile NTMobile N IP RIP N IP VIP N c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 496

4 2 NTMobile Fig. 2 System configuration of NTMobile. 3 Fig. 3 Tunnel establishment procedure (for General Node). 3.1 NTMobile 2 NTMobile NTMobile NTMobile NTM DC Direction Coordinator RS Relay Server DC DNS NTM NTM IP RS NAT NTM NTM NTMobile DC DNS NTM RS NTMobile 3.2 NTMobile NTM DC IP NTM NAT NAT IP NTMobile NTM NTM DC IP NTM IP IP NTM IP UDP NTMobile IP NTM 3 NTM MN Mobile Node NTMobile GN General Node NTM N DC DC N MN GN A GN NTM GN MN NTM MN MN DC MN Direction Request NTM GN Direction Request DC MN GN NTM RS Relay Direction RS Direction Response DC MN DC MN MN Route Direction Route Direction DC MN GN IP VIP GN MN DC MN RS Tunnel Request/Response MN DNS A GN IP RIP GN DC MN IP VIP GN GN IP MN RS RS c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 497

5 IP IP IP MN RS GN MN IP MN IP GN RS MN IP MN GN DLNA NTMobile IPv4 NAT DMP DLNA DMP NTMobile HNW DLNA Agent DA NTM RS DMP DA DLNA 4.2 NTMobile DA NTM DMP DMS DMP HNW DMS DA DMP DA FQDN DA DC DA NTM NAT DA 4.2 NTMobile DLNA DMP DA NTMobile DNS DLNA DNS DMP DMS M-SEARCH DMP DA DMS DA RS DMP DMS DMP DMS 1 DA DMP DMS DMP DMP DA M-SEARCH Request IP DA 200 OK DMS IP DMP NTMobile DMP IP DA IP IP IP DMP DMP DMS 2 DMP DMS DA 3.2 DMS RS DA 3 DLNA DMS DMS IP ASCII DA IP IP IP Fig. 4 4 System configuration of proposed method DMP M-SEARCH NT- Mobile DC DA c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 498

6 5 Fig. 5 Sequence of device discovery. Fig. 6 6 Acquisition sequence of device information. NTM DMP DC DA NTMobile DA DMP DA M-SEARCH Request DA DMP HNW M-SEARCH DMS DMS 200 OK DA IP IP IP VIP DMS DMS IP RIP DMS 200 OK DMP IP VIP DMP DA IP VIP DA DMS IP RIP DMS DMS IP VIP DMS DMP DMP DMS IP VIP DMS DMS DMP DMS IP VIP DMS HTTP GET DDD NTMobile IP DMP M-SEARCH Request DA IP DMS DMS IP VIP DMS DMS RS DA DMP DA NTM DA DMS HTTP GET DDD DA DMS IP VIP DMS IP RIP DMS DA IP RIP DA DMS DMS HNW DA DMP DA DMS DMS DMS IP RIP DMS IP VIP DMS DMP IP VIP DMP DMP DA DMS DMP DMS DLNA DMP FNW; Foreign Network DMP NTMobile DMP DA DMP IP DMS DA c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 499

7 DMP IP DLNA DMP DA DC RS DMP 7 DMP A E I V DMP NTMobile A NTM NTM NTM DA M-SEARCH Request B M-SEARCH CD E NTM DLNA M-SEARCH Netfilter NTM I NTM M-SEARCH DA NTM II NTM IIIM-SEARCH M-SEARCH Request IV DA V DA 8 DA A F I V 8 DA A NTM DMP M-SEARCH Request HNW M-SEARCH B M-SEARCH CD E DMP DMS F NTM DMP M-SEARCH Request I M-SEARCH Request NTM II M-SEARCH M-SEARCH III DMS 200 OK Netfilter IV DMP V IV DMP DMS VMware ESXi 4.1 DC RS DMP VLC media player *1 HNW DMS DMS ushare *2 7 DMP Fig. 7 Module configuration of DMP. Fig. 8 8 *1 *2 DA Module configuration of DA. c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 500

8 Table 1 1 Results of overhead at the beginning of communication. Time (ms) Tunnel establishment for device discovery Device discovery 6.86 Tunnel establishment for data transfer Acquisition of device information Fig. 9 Network configuration for validation. RTT 9 HNW FNW RTT 20 ms HNW FNW RTT 0.3 ms DMP DA Wireshark DMP DMS DA DMP M-SEARCH Request DMP DMS DA DMP 200 OK DMS IP IP DMP IP UDP 2 DA DMS HTTP GET IP DA IP DMS DA 200 OK 3 FNW DMP HNW DMS LAN FNW HNW DMP IP FNW HNW 1 DLNA ms M-SEARCH Request 200 OK 6.86 ms DMS Table 2 2 DMP Processing time in the case of DMP moving. Time (sec) Wi-Fi AP connection and DHCP process 6.91 Tunnel re-establishment ms 8.36 ms DMP DMS RTT DMP HNW 8 *3 DMP 3G 200 ms RTT 1.6 sec 2 DMP 3 DHCP 6.91 sec 0.08 sec 1% DMP NTMobile Android 3G LAN [22] Android *3 DNS 2 2 M-SEARCH DDD 1 c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 501

9 Table 3 3 Comparison with related works. W-DLNA WD/Mobile-WD GW Mobile IPv4 + VPN / Carrier Grade NAT / IPsec ESP SSL IPsec AES-CBC SIP SIP HA VPN DC RS W-DLNA [3] W-DLNA HNW W-DLNA HNW W-DLNA WD Wormhole Device [4] HNW WD HNW WD WD HNW W-DLNA M-WD Mobile-Wormhole Device [5] WD WD WD IPsec ESP NAT IPsec ESP NAT IPsec ESP UDP [23], [24] GW [6] HNW DMS XML HTML HNW Web GW HTML GW HNW Web DMP DLNA VPN DMP DMS DLNA 1 VPN Mobile IPv4 DLNA HA DMP HoA Home of Address DMS VPN DMP HNW VPN HA VPN Mobile IPv4 IPsec ESP VPN IPv4 CGN DMP CGN DLNA NTMobile DMP DC DMP DA DC DA UDP DC DMP DA CGN NAT DMP DA DMP DA NAT IP CGN DLNA c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 502

10 NTMobile AES-CBC HMAC-MD5 NTMobile / [19] DMP RS HNW NAT DMP DA RS [25] 6. NAT NTMobile DLNA Android SCOPE [1] Consumer Home, available from [2] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and Schooler, E.: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, RFC 3261, IETF (2002). [3] Motegi, S., Tasaka, K., Idoue, A. and Horiuchi, H.: Proposal on Wide Area DLNA Communication System, Proc. IEEE CCNC2008, pp (2008). [4] DLNA Vol.49, No.12, pp (2008). [5] Mobile- Wormhole Device DLNA Vol.2008-MBL-044, No.1, pp.1 8 (2008). [6] Nakatsuchi, M. Vol.2006-MBL-039, No.14, pp (2006). [7] Haruyama, T., Mizuno, S., Kawashima, M. and Mizuno, O.: Dial-to-Connect VPN System for Remote DLNA Communication, Proc. IEEE CCNC2008, pp (2008). [8] VPN Vol.2006-UBI-12, No.1, pp.1 6 (2006). [9] Perreault, S., Yamagata, I., Miyakawa, S., Nakagawa, A. and Ashida, H.: Common Requirements for Carrier- Grade NATs (CGNs), RFC 6888, IETF (2013). [10] Perkins, C.: IP Mobility Support for IPv4, Revised, RFC 5944, IETF (2010). [11] Ferguson, P. and Senie, D.: Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing, RFC 2827, IETF (2000). [12] Montenegro, G.: Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP, Revised, RFC 3024, IETF (2001). [13] Levkowetz, H. and Vaarala, S.: Mobile IP Traversal of Network Address Translation (NAT) Devices, RFC 3519, IETF (2003). [14] Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P. and Wing, D.: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN), RFC 5389, IETF (2008). [15] Mahy, R., Matthews, P. and Rosenberg, J.: Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) RFC 5766, IETF (2010). [16] Adrangi, F. and Levkowetz, H.: Problem Statement: Mobile IPv4 Traversal of Virtual Private Network (VPN) Gateways, RFC 4093, IETF (2005). [17] Kent, S.: IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), RFC 4303, IETF (2005). [18] NTMobile Vol.54, No.1, pp (2013). [19] NTMobile Vol.54, No.1, pp (2013). [20] UPnP Forum, available from [21] Goland, Y.Y., Cai, T., Leach, P., GU, Y. and Albright, S.: Simple Service Discovery Protocol/1.0 Operating without an Arbiter, Internet draft, IETF (online) (1999), available from draft-cai-ssdp-v1-03. [22] Android Wi-Fi/3G Vol.2013-MBL-65, No.27, pp.1 8 (2013). [23] Kivinen, T., Swander, B., Huttunen, A. and Volpe, V.: Negotiation of NAT-Traversal in the IKE, RFC 3947, IETF (2005). [24] Huttunen, A., Swander, B., Volpe, V., DiBurro, L. and Stenberg, M.: UDP Encapsulation of IPsec ESP Packets, RFC 3948, IETF (2005). [25] NTMobile Vol.54, No.1, pp (2013). NTMobile DLNA & c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 503

11 2012 IEEE IEEE ACM IEEE LAN IEEE c 2014 Information Processing Society of Japan 504

28 NTMobile Java Proposal and Implementation of Java Wrapper for NTMobile ( : ) :

28 NTMobile Java Proposal and Implementation of Java Wrapper for NTMobile ( : 130441077) : 29 2 10 NTMobile Network Traversal with Mobility NTMobile Linux NTMobile C Java NTMobile Java Java JNA Java Native