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1 The Kind of English That Japanese People Should Learn Minoru TANAKA instrumental Non-native native native non-native non-native native non-native 1

2 2 2.1 legitimate World Englishes Crystal Kachru, World Englishes Smith, English as an International Smith, English as an International Auxiliary Language Jenkins,, English as a Lingua Franca Jennifer Jenkins English as a Lingua Franca Salikoko S. Mufwene

3 Global English vs. English as a Global Language What is Global English Communicative Competence?: Models, Standards, and Pedagogy for the Teaching of English in Japan. Matsuda Yano, Bianco, Park, and Honna Honna intranational language good, kindly My I have your good name? Kindly please advise me. You re very tired lah. Lah Can can.cheap, cheap. native How are you, Tom? How are you?how are you? How are you? Great, Pretty good.so so.

4 2.2 TOEIC TOEFL Native athletic meeting field day native non-native native

5 integrative motivation instrumental motivation Gardner and Lambert, 2.3 native non-native non-native native / JNTO non-native JATA non-native

6 3 Non-native speakers native speakers Native non-native Non-native native speaking, listening, writing Honna Native native

7 native native native native native Native 4.2 native /th/, /f/, /v/, /r/ /l/

8 Native native native native-like idiosyncratic Carp carps Furniture furnitures animal animals furniture

9 furnitures Just now just now is it?, isn t it? ~ right? sushi, tempura, tofu, futon, manga, bonsai, teriyaki chicken animekaraoke sharp pen pokemon toilet A rolling stone gathers no moss. toilet May I use your toilet? I m going to the toilet. toilet bathroom I m looking for a bathroom. JR Green Car

10 Green Car upper-class car Green Car green car JR Green Car hotel specs air-conditioner aircon aircon aircon aircon aircon air-conditioner Honna, native I went there. Why didn t you come?native I was there. Where were you? I went to Kyoto by car yesterday. native I drove to Kyoto yesterday. native communicability native non-native native How are you? How are you doing?fine,

11 thank you. I guess specs shoppe 5 native native YouTube // Why Japanese people have a harder time learning English. # YouTube YouTube MANGA native native native

12 non-native native native non-native non-native non-native Water, Red YouTube JACET pp.. pp.. JNTO / go.jp/jpn/statistics/tourists_.np.pdf.. JATA stats//.html.. // Why Japanese people have a harder time learning English. # YouTube hh IWY.. MANGA

13 html.. EIAL YouTube UG NCXBtfo.. JACET pp.. Crystal, David., The Language Revolution. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press. Gardner. R. C., & Lambert, W. E. () Attitudes and motivation in second language learning, Rowley, MA: Newbury House, Honna, Nobuyuki., English as a Multicultural Language in Asian Contexts: Issues and Ideas. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers. Jenkins, Jenkins., The phonology of English as an international Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jenkins, Jenkins., Current perspectives on teaching World Englishes and English as a lingua franca, TESOL Quarterly,,,. Jenkins, Jenkins., English as a lingua franca: Attitudes and identity. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Kachru, Braj., The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions, and Models of Non-native Englishes. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Kachru, Braj., The Other Tongue: English across cultures. nd Ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Matsuda, Aya., Teaching English as an International Language: FAQs, JACET the 50th International Conference, pp.. Smith, Larry., English as an international auxiliary language, RELC Journal,,,. Also in L. Smith (ed.), Readings in English as an International Language (pp. ). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Smith, Larry., Some distinctive features of EIIL vs. ESOL in English language education, In L. Smith (ed.), Readings in English as an International Language (pp. ). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Smith, Larry., Readings in English as an International Language. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Yano, Yasutake, Joseph Lo Bianco, Mae-Ran Park, and Nobuyuki Honna., Language policies in foreign countries their achievements and problems What can we learn from them? JACET the 50th International Conference, pp..

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Speedy & Simple Kenji, Yoshio, and Goro are good at English. They have their ways of learning. Kenji often listens to English songs and tries to remember all the words. Yoshio reads one English book every