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1 Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 122, No. 8, p , August 2016 doi: /geosoc 巡検案内書 Consider revising the volcanic disaster prevention: Field excursion guide to Fuji Volcano Takahiro Yamamoto 1, Akira Takada 1, Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto 2, Tatsuro Chiba 3, Kenichi Arai 3 and Seiji Hosone H 1 Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba , Japan 2 Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, , Japan 3 Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd., Manpukuji 1-2-2, Kawasaki, , Japan 4 Daiwa Exploration & Consulting Co., Ltd., Toyo , Koto, , Japan Corresponding author: K. Arai, ken.arai@ajiko.co.jp PDF J-STAGE Yamamoto and Nakada, , Keywords The 1707 eruption craterthe Hoei craters, Slush flow, Lava tube, Pillow lava, Debris avalanche, Basaltic pyroclastic flow 125,000 The Geological Society of Japan

2 Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E Stop N, E 5 10 km km 3, km 3, km 3 Miyaji et al., 2011, 2007, km Fig , km , 2016,, 2005;, , 2007; Yoshimoto et al., , 1968, 1971,

3 Fig.. Topographic map of Fuji Volcano and surrounding area. (source: Chiba, 2011), 2011, , , ;, , 2005, 2007, 1977;, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2003, , km km m

4 Fig.. Schematically image of stress direction (Right) and eruptive fissure pattern of Fuji volcano on the DEM image (Left). Circle showing the restriction of region for fissure eruptions within 13.5 km in radius. (source: Takada et al., 2007, 2016) 13.5 km source, 2007, m, , 2005, S-10, S-11, Yamamoto et al., 2005, 2016 S-22 Yu-2 2, y BP, 2005, y BP, 2005, , 2004 Fig , 1992;, 1998a, b 2000 S-23, , 2005

5 Fig.. Distribution of Gotemba debris avalanche deposit (Goda) and Gotemba mud flow deposit (Gomf) at eastern foot of Fuji volcano, and isopachmap of these deposits. Unit in m. (sourcemiyaji et al., 2004) GodaGomf m, km 3, 2007 Fig , 2005,, km8 km 1 2, , σ Cal AD , cm, M Fig , cm cm

6 Fig.. Lake Seno-umi has been divided by the lava flow. As a result, the two lakes of Lake Motosuko and Lake Shojiko was born. You can read its history from the three-dimensional view and gray color conversion made from DEM (making LIDAR system by Fuji Sabo work office). Lava distribution range which the colored area has erupted in the Jogan eruption in AD864 to866. (source: Chiba et al., 2007) Fig.. Change in column height throughout the Hoei eruption. The periods of ash fall in Edo and rainfall, deduced from document analysis, are also shown. (source: Miyaji et al., 2011) Miyaji et al., 2011

7 Stop1 125, N, E Fig Fig. 7 Fig.. Pyroclastic cone inside the Hoei-I crater (Photo by Takada) Stop , N, E S-23 S-22Yu a, 2007 Stop 3 10 km 125, N, E , 1988, y BP, , Fig. 8, 2010 Fig.. Stop 1: Dike on the wall in the Hoei-I crater (Photo by Takada) Stop 4 125, N, E 4 5 km ,300

8 440 山元 孝広ほか Fig. 8. Stop 3: Red Relief Imaging Map (with gray color conversion) of Gan-no-Ana was made using Lidar data. 第 8 図 雁ノ穴火口付近の航空レー ザ計測データによる赤色立体地図 グレー色調表示 Stop 5 ジラゴンノ 溶岩樹形 地形図 1 25,000 鳴沢 位 置 N, E 解 説 富士山緑の休暇村の裏手にあるグラウンドの周り一 体では 青木ヶ原溶岩流の断面と青木ヶ原溶岩流の底部に赤 色酸化した約 3300 年前の大室スコリアを観察できる 溶岩 溶岩 断面露頭には複数の溶岩樹形が分布しており Fig. 9 中の気泡のサイズや形が縦方向に変化する様子を観察できる ほか 厚さ 5 m 程の溶岩には溶岩膨張の発生を示唆する構 造が見られる Stop 6 精進湖 枕状溶岩等 地形図 1 25,000 精進 位 置 N, E 解 説 貞観六 七年 西暦 864 年 866 年初頭 の貞観噴 火では 2 列の割れ目火口から流出した大量の玄武岩質溶岩 うみ 流が本栖湖とせの湖に流れ込み 現在の本栖湖 精進湖 西 湖を形作ったとされる 精進湖に流れ込んだ青木ヶ原溶岩流 には 急冷 固化する過程で生じる進行方向と直交方向にで Fig. 9. Outcrop of tree molds formed by the Aokigahara lava flow at the Narusawa-Michinoeki. (Photo by Chiba) 第 9 図 鳴沢道の駅裏のジラゴンノの溶岩樹型露頭 撮影 千葉 きる しわ や網目状の複雑な模様など 特徴的な表面構造を Fig. 10 観察できる 例えば, 海野, 2007

9 Fig.. Note the detail structures of Aokigahara Lava and the Syojiko Lake shown by Red Relief Image Map made on using LIDAR data.) A large axial crack on the subaqueous lava flow lobe in Syojiko Lake. (Photo by Chiba) Stop 7 125, N, E 350 m Stop 8 125, N, E 2 Cal BC 18,000, mm Fig. 11

10 442 山元 孝広ほか Fig. 11. Tanukiko Debris Avalanche Deposit. Shooting point s o u t h w e s t o f t h e Ta n u k i k o. (source Takada, A., 2015) 第 11 図 田貫湖岩屑なだれ堆積物 写真 下 は田貫湖の南西 撮影 高田 Fig. 13. Outcrop of Suijin Lava at Fujigawa river side. (Photo by Chiba) 第 13 図 富士川沿いで観察できる水神溶岩の露頭 溶岩断 面の樹形と節理が見える 人の左側 溶岩の下位は砂層 2,800 年 頃の玄武岩質火砕流堆積物が露出する 北垣ほか 2007 この時期の富士山は 約 5600 年前 Cal BC 3,600 Fig. 12. (source: Tajima et al., 2006 第 12 図 南西山麓に分布する火砕流堆積物の確認箇所 田島 ほか, 2006 年 頃から始まった現火山錐の形成途上で 今の山頂部は存 Cal BC 1,700 在していない 山頂部の完成は約 3700 年前 年 頃である ほぼ同じ年代値を示す火砕流堆積物は 南山 山元ほか, 2005 腹の標高 1,700 m 付近にも分布するほか 2006 が 西山腹の大沢沿い標高 1,500 m 付近にも田島ほか Stop 9 風祭川 玄武岩質火砕流 おそら 岩樋火砕流と呼ぶ玄武岩質火砕流がある Fig. 12 地形図 1 25,000 天母山 位 置 N, E く 大規模な火砕丘の形成 崩壊イベントが現火山錐の成長 解 説 南西山腹の風祭川沿いには約 5800 年前 Cal BC と見られる また 南西山麓に広がる土石流 高密度洪水流 過程あり このような広範囲に分布する火砕流を生じたもの

11 Cal BC 2,800, 2014b Stop , N, E Cal BC 15,000Cal BC 6,000, 2016, 2007 Fig Chiba, T., 2011, Latest Information of Japan's Active Volcanoes and Active Faults: Irregularities of Japan seen in the Red Relief Image MapRRIMGijutsuhyoronsha, 144p Chiba, T., Tomita, Y., Suzuki, Y., Arai, K., Fujii, N., Miyaji, N., Koizumi, I. and Nakashima, K., 2007,, Fuji VolcanoYamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Hanaoka, M., Tomita, Y. and Ito, M., 2007,, Fuji Volcano Yamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Inoue, K., 2007, 1707, Fuji VolcanoYamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Kitagaki, T., Horiuchi, K., Yamamoto, G., Koshimizu, S. and Uchiyama, T., 2007, Earth Sci.Chikyu Kagaku, 61, Kobayashi, M. and Takada, A., 2003, 2003 Japan Geosci. Union Meet. 2003, Abstr., V055-P010 Koyama, M., 1998a, Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 43, Koyama, M., 1998b, Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 43, Koyama, M., 2007,, Fuji Volcano Yamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Machida, H., 1964, Tephrochronology Jour. Tokyo Geogr. Soc., 73, Machida, H., 1977, What Volcanic Ash Tell us: Natural History of Volcanoes and Plains*, Soju Shobo, 324p Machida, H., 2007,, Fuji VolcanoYamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Miyaji, N., 1988, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 94, Miyaji, N., 2007, 1,, Fuji VolcanoYamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Miyaji, N., Kan'no, A., Kanamaru, T. and Mannen, K., 2011, High-resolution reconstruction of the Hoei eruptionad 1707of Fuji volcano, Japan. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res, 207, Miyaji, N., Togashi, S. and Chiba, T., 2004, 2900 Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 29, Nakada, S., Yoshimoto, M. and Fujii, T., 2007,, Fuji Volcano Yamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Gavernment of Japan, 2004, Mt. Fuji volcanic disaster prevention map Mt. Fuji consideration committee report 240p Suzuki, Y., Takada, A., Ishizuka, Y. and Kobayashi, M., 2007, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, 57, Tajima, Y., Miyaji, N. and Inoue K., 2006, Quatern. Res., 45, Takada, A., 2015, 100 No Jour. Tokyo, Geogr. Soc., 124, N69 78 Takada, A., Ishizuka, Y., Nakano, S., Yamamoto, T., Kobayashi, M. and Suzuki, Y., 2007,, Fuji VolcanoYamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Takada, A., Yamamoto, T., Ishizuka, Y. and Nakano, S., 2016, 2 Geologic Map of Fuji VolcanoSecond Edition, Geol. Surv. Japan, AIST Takahashi, M., Hasegawa, A., Tsukui, M. and Nemoto, Y., 1991, Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Volcanol., 36,

12 Tsuchiya, K., Nagai, K., Miwa, K., Kishimoto, H., Suzuki, Y., Chiba, T. and Ogawa, K.,, 2010, Proc. Japan Soc. Erosion Control Eng. Conf., Tsuji, Y., 1992, Fuji Eruption: From Manyoshu to Today*, Tsukijishokan, 261p Tsuya, H., 1968, 5 1 Geological Map of Fuji Volocano, Scale 1: 50,000*Geol. Surv. Japan Uesugi, Y., 1990, 1S-25Y-114 Bull. Assoc. Kanto Quatern. Res., 16, 3 28 Uesugi, Y., 1993, Quatern. Res.. 32, Uesugi, Y., 1998, 1 The Fujiyoshida-shi History-1st Reel volume of historical sources *, Fujiyoshida-shi, Uesugi, Y. ed, 2003, Earth Science Tour Guide Book Mt. Fuji Geol. Soc. Japan, Kanto Branch, 117p Umino, S., 2007., Fuji Volcano Yamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Yamamoto, T., 2014a,, GSJ Open-File Report, no. 601, Geol. Surv. Japan, AIST Yamamoto, T., 2014b,, GSJ Open-File Report, no. 606, Geol. Surv. Japan, AIST Yamamoto, T., Ishizuka, Y. and Takada, A., 2007,, Fuji Volcano Yamanashi Instit. Environ. Sci., Yamamoto, T., Ishizuka, Y., Takada, A. and Nakano, S., 2016, GSJ Open- File Report, no. 626, Geol. Surv. of Japan, AIST Yamamoto, T. and Nakada, S., 2015, Extreme Volcanic Risks 2: Mount Fuji. In Papale, P., ed: Volcanic Hazards, Risks, and Disasters. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Yamamoto, T., Nakano, S., Takada, A. and Kobayashi, M., 2011,, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, 62, Yamamoto, T., Takada, A., Ishizuka, Y., Miyaji, N. and Tajima, Y., 2005, Basaltic pyroclastic flows of Fuji volcano, Japan: characteristics of the deposits and their origin. Bull. Volcanol., 67, Yamamoto, T., Takada, A., Ishizuka, Y. and Nakano, S., 2005, Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 50, Yoshimoto, M., Fujii, T., Kaneko, T., Yasuda, A., Nakada, S. and Matsumoto, A., Evolution of Mount Fuji, Japan: Inference from drilling into the subaerial oldest volcano, pre-komitake. Island Arc, 19, *English translation original written in Japanese

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