GATT GATT ITO GATT EPA Economic Partnership Agreement ASEAN ITO, International Trade Organization GATT GATT WTO

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1 No.7, (2006) GATT GATT A Stormy Life of GATT Concentrating on a Development Stage of GATT Regime HORIUCHI Hiroshi Nihon University, Graduate School of Social Culture Studies GATT was established as a third institution, after the World War II, to handle the trade side of international economic cooperation, joining the two Bretton Woods institutions, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. GATT was designed to provide an early boost to trade liberalization, and begin to correct the legacy of protectionist measures which remained in place from the early 1930s. From 1948 to 1994, GATT provided the rules for much of world trade and presided over periods that saw some of the highest growth rates in international commerce. GATT helped establish a strong and prosperous multilateral trading system that became more liberal through the eight rounds of trade negotiations. It seemed well-established, but throughout those 47 years, it was a provisional agreement and organization. By the 1980s, the system needed a thorough overhaul which led to the Uruguay Round, ultimately to the World Trade Organization. 1 GATT GATT 1995 WTO, World Trade Organization WTO GATT General Agreement on FTA Free Trade Agreement Tariffs and Trade GATT WTO GATT 149 GATT IMF, International Monetary Fund 1 JETRO WTO/FTA Column Volume WTO, The Understanding the WTO,The Understanding the WTO, WTO Information and Media Relations Division,

2 GATT GATT ITO GATT EPA Economic Partnership Agreement ASEAN ITO, International Trade Organization GATT GATT WTO 1945 ITO GATT ITO ITO ITO ) GATT ITO GATT ITO ITO J. M. 126

3 GATT GATT GATT WTO 5 GATT WTO GATT, GATT 2 3 GATT GATT GATT GATT 7 GATT Torby D. Douglas Dillon J ) WTO GATT GATT GATT 3 GATT 4 GATT 1950 WTO

4 GATT GATT EU GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT 21 WTO GATT WTO GATT - The GATT Trade Rounds Year Place/name Subjects Covered Countrie s GATT 1947 Geneva Tariffs Annecy Tariffs Torquay Tariffs 38 GATT 1956 Geneva Tariffs 26 GATT 1960 Geneva Tariffs (Dillon Round) Geneva Tariffs and anti-dumping 62 UPU 1967 (Kennedy Round) measures Universal Postal Union 1973 Geneva Tariffs, non-tariffs 102 ILO, International Labor Organization 1979 (Tokyo Round) measures, framework agreements FAO, Food and Agriculture of the United Nation 1986 Geneva Tariffs, non-tariff (Uruguay Round) measures, rules, service, intellectual property, dispute settlement, textile, agriculture, creation of WTO, etc GATT GATT WTO Understanding the WTO, WTO Information and Media Relations Division : GATT WTO GATT 128

5 GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT 1930 GATT GATT 1953 GATT GATT GATT GATT 1930 GATT35 GATT 1960 GATT 8 35 GATT 8 GATT 6 WTO 15 GATT GATT GATT 1950 GATT

6 GATT 9 10 ) 1950 GATT GATT WTO GATT19 11 WTO (Chinese Taipei) GATT, 1991 GATT GATT GATT WTO WTO ASEAN WTO GATT WTO13 12 WTO WTO EC 2001 WTO WTO WTO 15 GATT WTO ) WTO 3 WTO GATT35 WTO WTO EC WTO 11 GATT WTO13 WTO13 GATT GATT

7 WTO GATT 1 14 WTO WTO ( ) 7 F H Jackson Vanik WTO WTO A B WTO α 5 B

8 GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT

9 EC R. GATT GATT 1974 EC STR Special Trade Representative ASEAN 1980 MIT L. GATT GATT GATT

10 GATT GATT GATT GATT GATT 1995 GATT WTO 21 GATT L. GATT GATT GATT 21 WTO FTA EPA GATT A Stormy Life of GATT GATT WTO 47 8 WTO GATT GATT GATT 1948 GATT 134

11 WTO GATT WTO WTO WTO,The Understanding the WTO, WTO Information and 6 WTO 2000 Media Relations Division, J. WTO WTO, The Understanding the WTO- The GATT Years: from 1999 Havana tomarrakesh, Information and Media Relations, wto_e/tif_e/fact4_e.htm WTO, The Understanding the WTO-The Uruguay Round, 11 WTO Stephen D. Cohen, The Making of United States International wto_e/tif_e/fact4_e.htm Economic Policy: Principles, Problems, and Proposals for Reforms, 4 th ed., Praeger Publishers, WTO The World Compass S. D (Received: May 31, 2006) 1990 (Issued in internet Edition: July 1, 2006) 14 Robert E. Hudec, Developing Countries in the GATT Legal System, 1987 Trade Policy Research Centre. R. E Bhagwati,, Jagdish, Protectionism, The MIT Press

はじめに

はじめに No.6, 397-408 (2005) Regional Integration East Asian Community Vision HORIUCHI Hiroshi Nihon University, Graduate School of Social Culture Studies In an effort to pursue the ambitious aim of laying the