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あきひろかせ
5 years ago
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1 March Social Decision Scheme Davis a theory of social decision scheme n AA An pp pn pppn r AA An PP Pn d d dn d d dn PPPn πππm dm dmdmn r πi rrrn pr p r pn rn r AA An rr rn rr rnr nr r m nr m r nr m pp pn r m i πi pp pnr m n m AA An D D D m n Davis social decision scheme SDS SDS π π πm PP Pn Davis Pp.Pp. SDS SDSsocial decision scheme

2 SDS rn rn D D D D D A A A A A A A A A A A A DLorgeSolomon AA DProportionality Aj Aj DEquiprobability DMajority, equiprobability otherwise DMajority if Aproportionality otherwise A vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. majority plurality proportionality equiprobabilitylorgesolomon LorgeSolomon majority plurality proportionality

3 March ABCD A B C D A B C D pppp Pi p p p P P majority plurality LorgeSolomon p

4 p A A A A B B B B p χ P P A A A A P B B B B P p P P Majority Plurality Proportionality Equiprobability LorgeSolomon P P Majority Plurality Proportionality Equiprobability LorgeSolomon P p p A Lorge Solomon LorgeSolomon

5 March

6 Majority Plurality Proportionality Equiprobability LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon A LorgeSolomon r LorgeSolomon t LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon

7 SDS SDS LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon p p p p p March

8 LorgeSolomon majority equiprobability pi A A B ABC A B C A B C AB A B B A A B B A SD SD A B p

9 March A B t A B p A A A B B B p P Majority Proportionality Equiprobability LorgeSolomon P

10 P Majority Proportionality Equiprobability LorgeSolomon P P P A LorgeSolomon majority B majority majority, proportionality, equiprobability ad hoc A LorgeSolomon B A B Majority Proportionality Equiprobability LorgeSolomon

11 March B A t LorgeSolomon SDS LorgeSolomon SDS A B

12 LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon SDS SDS SDS Davis SDS SDS

13 March LorgeSolomon LorgeSolomon Lorge Solomon LorgeSolomon Davis, J. H. social decision scheme Davis SDS Pp. Pp. Davis, J.H.1973Group discussion and social interaction: A theory of social decision schemes. Psychological Review,,. Pp. Pp.

14 Experimental Studies on Group Decision-Making in terms of Davis SDS Theory ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted in terms of J.H.Davis SDS (social decision scheme) theory. Experiment I dealt with the effects of task type (true-or-false type vs. preferance type) and group size3-person vs. 8-person groups) upon the decision schemes (majority, plurality, proportionality, equiprobability, or LorgeSolomon=truth-win) adopted by the groups. Subjects were recruited from junior high school352 pupils in total) and assigned to sex-homogeneous groups. Results showed: (1) 8-person groups working on a true-or-false task deliberated according to a LorgeSolomon scheme, while 3-person groups tended to adopt a majority scheme, and (2) groups of both sizes with a preferance type task adopted a scheme which was an indiscernible mixture of majority, proportionality and equiprobability, but when they were asked in post-experiment questionnaires, 3-person groups answered that their decision scheme had been closer to equiprobable whereas 8- person groups were closer to majority. Experiment with 22 3-person sex-homogeneous groups of college students studied the effect of time pressure on group decision-making. Results showed: (3) groups with a task of true-or-false type adopted a LorgeSolomon scheme when they could afford plenty of time for work, but they resorted to a majority scheme under time pressure and (4) groups with a task of preferance type made their decisions with a majority scheme when enough time was given, but under time pressure they shifted to a conflict-avoiding scheme of decision-making, a term which we coined to explain our particular result. Key Words: group decision-making, social decision scheme, group size, type of task, time pressure

Table 1 Means and standard deviations of topic familiarity for the topics used in the study Note. standard deviations are in parenthesis.

Table 1 Means and standard deviations of topic familiarity for the topics used in the study Note. standard deviations are in parenthesis. The Japanese Journal of Psychology 2000, Vol. 71, No, 4, 345-350 Contrast effects of background stimulus person on attitude similarity judgement and interpersonal attraction: A study of topic familiarity