第3章(ポライトネス)4.ppt

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1

2 Positive Politeness 1. Notice, attend to H (his or her interests, wants, needs, goods). 2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H).

3 Positive Politeness SMAP SMAP SMAP Uri Geller 2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H). This is the best tofu I ve ever had. 1. Notice, attend to H (his or her interests, wants, needs, goods). 3. Claim in-group membership with H. Unbelievable! This is the best Japanese food I ve ever had. Mushrooms are spectacular! This is definitely a food for the kings! 4. Claim common point of view, opinions, attitudes, knowledge, empathy. 5. Indicate S knows H s wants and is taking them into account. This is definitely a food for the royals! This is delicious, amazing. 6. Assume or assert reciprocity.

4 Positive Politeness SMAP SMAP SMAP SMAP SMAP Uri SMAP Brad Geller Pitt 2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H). Quentin Tarantino 3. Claim This in-group is the membership best tofu I ve with ever H. had. Unbelievable! Absolutely. 4. Claim This common is Fantastic! the point best of Japanese view, opinions, food attitudes, I ve ever had. Oh, knowledge, Mushrooms empathy. men! are spectacular! I ve never had this This is chowder. definitely It s a food so terrific. for the kings! It s better than Louisiana. This is delicious, amazing. 1. Notice, attend to H (his or her interests, wants, needs, goods). 5. Indicate S knows H s wants and is taking them into account. This is definitely a food for the royals! 6. Assume or assert reciprocity.

5 Positive Politeness SMAP SMAP SMAP Lady Gaga 1. Notice, attend to H (his or her interests, wants, needs, goods). 2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H). 3. Claim in-group membership with H. much more favorable than any shabushabu I ve ever had 4. Claim common point of view, opinions, attitudes,

6 Positive Politeness 1. Notice, attend to H (his or her interests, wants, needs, goods). 2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H). 3. Claim in-group membership with H. 4. Claim common point of view, opinions, attitudes, knowledge, empathy. 5. Indicate S knows H s wants and is taking them into account. 6. Assume or assert reciprocity.

7 Positive Politeness Hello. Why not buy a gift subscription to The Vocabula Review for a friend or colleague? 11

8 Negative Politeness 1. Make minimal assumption about H s wants, what is relevant to H. 2. Give H option not to do act. 3. Minimize threat. 4. Apologize. 5. Dissociate S, H from the particular infringement. 6. State the F(ace) T(hreatening) A(ct) as a general rule. 7. Nominalize. All electronic devices DO need to be plugged off.

9 KX-PW21CL Negative Politeness KX-PW21CL Give H option not to do act. 4. Apologize Dissociate S, H from the particular infringement. 1. Make minimal assumption about H s wants, what is relevant to H. 3. Minimize threat. 6. State the F(ace) T(hreatening) A(ct) as a general rule. 7. Nominalize. All electronic devices DO need to be plugged off.

10 NJ-S5T Negative Politeness 1. Make minimal assumption about H s wants, what NJ- is S5T relevant to H. 2. Give H option not to do act. 4. Apologize. 3. Minimize threat. 5. Dissociate S, H from the particular infringement. 6. State the F(ace) T(hreatening) A(ct) as a general rule. 7. Nominalize. All electronic devices DO need to be plugged off.

11 Negative Politeness 1

12 Negative Politeness 1

13 OK Negative Politeness 1 2

14 OK Negative Politeness

15 OK Negative Politeness

What s your name? Help me carry the baggage, please. politeness What s your name? Help me carry the baggage, please. iii

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