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1 Changes in American Religious, Political, and Social Life: The Evidence of the Results of the 2012 Presidential Election Kazunobu Horiuchi Summary President Barak Obama was reelected in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election to serve a second four-year term. The major elements that allowed the incumbent to win reelection include the support he received from members of minority groups such as Hispanics and the so-called Millennial generation young adults aged between 18 and 29 that was especially important in such swing States as Ohio, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Having provided a systematic analysis of the voting behavior of religious and ethnic groups, age cohorts, and supporters of political parties, this paper will focus on the newly apparent trends revealed by the data examined, such as the decline in numbers of the majority group: the increasing size of ethnic minority groups including African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans; the succession of the generations; and the increasing number of the so-called unchurched Americans split government 1980

2 2 RJIS Vol. 21, No X Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web; Post-election Survey: Changing Religious Landscape Challenges Influence of White Christian Vote, Public Religion Research Institute, November 15, Web.; Latino Voters in the 2012 Election, Pew Hispanic Center, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web. 2 How the Faithful Voted: 2012 Preliminary Analysis, Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web.

3 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a How the Faithful Voted: 2012 Preliminary Analysis, Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web How the Faithful Voted: 2012 Preliminary Analysis, Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web. 4 Ibid.

4 4 RJIS Vol. 21, No / How the Faithful Voted: 2012 Preliminary Analysis, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web n/a n/a How the Faithful Voted: 2012 Preliminary Analysis, Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Researc Center, November 7, Web

5 Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web G. W. 53 Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web.

6 6 RJIS Vol. 21, No Ibid. 7 Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web.; Latino Voters in the 2012 Election, Pew Hispanic Center, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web. 8 Young Voters Supported Obama Less, But May Have Mattered More, Pew Research Center for People & the Press, Pew Research Center, November 26, Web. 9 Ibid. 10 Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web.

7 Young Voters Supported Obama Less, But May Have Mattered More, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, Pew Research Center, November 26, Web Paul Taylor and D Vera Cohn, A Milestone En Route to a Majority Minority Nation, Pew Social & Demographic Trends, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web.

8 8 RJIS Vol. 21, No Paul Taylor and D Vera Cohn, A Milestone En Route to a Majority Minority Nation, Pew Social & Demographic Trends, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web Latino Voters in the 2012 Election, Pew Hispanic Center, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web

9 Latino Voters in the 2012 Election, Pew Hispanic Center, Pew Research Center, November 7, Web. 14 Robert P. Jones, Daniel Cox, and Juhem Navarro-Rivera, Looking back at the Election, Public Religion Research Institute, November 15, Web

10 10 RJIS Vol. 21, No Robert P. Jones, Daniel Cox, and Juhem Navarro-Rivera, Looking back at the Election, Public religion Research Institute, November 15, Web

11 , Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, October 9, Web. 16 Ibid Bryan Wilson, Religion in Secular Society, London: Penguin Books, Thomas Luckmann, The Invisible Religion: The Problem of Religion in Modern Society, MacMillan Publishing Company, 1967; Peter L. Berger, The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., José Casanova, Public Religions in the Modern World, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, S. Bruce, ed., Religion and Modernity, London: Oxford University Press, 1992.

12 12 RJIS Vol. 21, No Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, October 9, Web Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, October 9, 2012 Web Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 15, pp

13 Robert Wuthnow, After the Baby Boomers: How Twenty and Thirty Somethings Are Shaping the Future of American Religion, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007: pp , 69 70, Religion Among the Millennials, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, February 17, Web.

14 14 RJIS Vol. 21, No H G W 20 G W NBC Michael Hout and Claude S. Fischer, Why More Americans Have No Religious Preference: Politics and Generations, American Sociological Review, 2002, Vol. 67, April, pp Web.; David E. Campbell and Robert D. Putnum, God and Caesar in America: Why Mixing Religion and Politics Is Bad for Both, Foreign Affairs, March/April, 2012, pp Web.; Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, October 9, Web. 26 Michael Hout and Claude S. Fischer, Why More Americans Have No Religious Preference: Politics and Generations, American Sociological Review, 2002, Vol. 67, April, p Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, October 9, 2012, p. 23. Web. 28 The Tea Party and Religion, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, February 23, Web. 29 Robert P. Jones, and Daniel Cox, Religion and the Tea Party in the 2010 Election: An Analysis of the Third Biennial American Values Survey, October, Web.

15 David E. Campbell and Robert D. Putnum, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon and Shuster, 2010, p. 121.; David E. Campbell and Robert D. Putnum, God and Caesar in America: Why Mixing Religion and Politics Is Bad for Both, Foreign Affairs, March/April, 2012, pp. 42. Web Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, October 9, 2012, p. 23. Web.

16 16 RJIS Vol. 21, No ABC DC 9 70

17 M.A ; Happiness and Virtue Beyond East and West toward a New Global Responsibility, Tokyo: Tuttle Publisher, 2011

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