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1

2 kW kW 26%

3

4

5 kW kW 26%

6 3 2

7 a b c a

8 ab c a b Reserve Margin kwh 4

9 ,000W / / / / /1 9/ /30 3/ /30 3/31 6,586 6,586 6,610 6,548 7,008 5,653 5,959 5,851 6,136 5, kwh

10 ln( ) ln GDP ln ln ( ) ln GDP ln

11

12 70 80 ln( ) lngdp ln ln( ) lngdp ln 8

13 3 9

14

15

16 RTO Regional Transmission Organization PXPower Exchange 12

17 kW 2000kW B 500kW A50kW 500kW 50kW 500kW A 27 50kW 500kW 43 A B kW 13

18

19 % 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 0.9%

20 kwh H

21 202 kw 435 kw 62 kw 50 kw 30 kw 10 kw %4.2% % % % % 10 17

22 % 19% TW 18

23 LNG 40 45% 80% 5.9 kwh LNG 6.4 kwh 6.5 kwh 10.2 kwh13.6 kwh 4 40 LNG LNG 9 kwh 10 kwh 13 kwh 1kW 60 6 kw kw

24

25

26 % 1.57% 1.48% 1.39% ,625 1,299 1,

27

28 kwh ) 9 24

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31

32 ( ( ) 28

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36 , , , , ,000 32

37 NTT

38 34

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42 /08/ , /01/ , , , ,

43 2001/08/

44 28 40

45 kwh kwh kwh kwh

46 24 2 kwh2.6 kwh 2 kwh3.6 kwh 4.5 kwh 1kWh kwh 6 kwh kwh 2 kwh 1.5 kwh 1 kwh 4 kwh

47 kwh kwh H

48

49 kwh 14 kwh Wh 27 45

50 Wh 27 kwh

51 kwh

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53 WG WG kW kW

54 50

55 2002 pp Richard Mattoon, The Electricity System at the Crossroads---Policy Choices and Pitfalls, Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 1Q/2002. Stefan Stern, David Harding, Profits and Perils of Public Private Partnerships, Euromoney, February Stoft, Steven, 2002, Power System Economics Designing Markets for Electricity, IEEE Press

56 52

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