( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [1]
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- ゆたか はにうだ
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [1]
3 [1] [2] [2]
4 / / [3]
5 [4]
6 [5]
7 [6]
8 [7]
9 1) (1) (3) (1) / / / / (2) 2) / / / / / (3) / / / / 3) 4) 5) 6) 1) 2) 3) b 4) ) 6)
10 (4)a. b. c. (5)a. b. 2
11 2.1 1) 2) 1) (state) (prosess) (action) 2)
12 1) - - (6) (6) - (6) - - 1)
13 (7)a. b. / 1) (8)a. b. (9) (9) (9) 1) 5
14 (9) - - (9) 1991 (10) (11) (10) (11)
15 (12)a. b
16 A-1 A-2 8
17 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 9
18 1) (13)a. b. (14)a. b. (15)a. b. / / / 2.3 (6) (9) 1) Palmer
19 / 1) (16)a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. (16a) (16b) 2) 1) 2) (16a) (16b) / / 11
20 (17)a. b. (16c) (16d) (16e) (16f) (16g) 2.4 (16h) 1) 2) (18) (20) (21) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22a) 1) )
21 (22)a. b. (16h) (23)a. b. 1) c. (24) a. b. c. (23) (24) (16h) (16g) (16a) (16h) - / - (16a) (16h) (16i) (16j) (25)a. 1) 13
22 b. c. (26)a. b. c. (16i) (16j) - - (16i) (16j) ) 2) 3) 1) ) ) S-MOD PROP
23 2.4 1) 2) 3) 1) ) 2.5 3) Greenbaum
24 1) (27)a. b. c. (28)a. b. c. (29) (30)a. b. c. (31)a. b. c. 1)
25 (32) (32) (32) (33) (34) / 17
26 / /
27
28 1) - - / 1) / / /
29 ) )
30
31 1) 1)
32 (35)a. b. (36)a. b. (35a) (35b) 1) 2) ) )
33 / / 1) (37) 1950 (38) 1950 (39) )
34 1) ) ) )
35 ) (40)a. 1)
36 b. (41)a. b. (40) / / / / (41) ) )
37 (1) (2) (3) (4) 1) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (9) (9) (9) (42) / / (43) / / (44) / / 1) 1980 (5) 29
38 (45) / (46) (47) (44) (48) ) 1)
39 1) (26) (27) 1) 31
40 (18) (19) 1) ) (18) (19) (18) (19) 32
41 (49)a. b modality
42 quasi-modality etc. etc ) 1) 34
43 a speaker's subjective attitude / ( ( ))
44 ) ) ) )
45
46
47 1) (1) (2) (3) (4) - - 1)
48 (5)a. 80 b. c. d. e. f. g. 1) 1) 40
49 h. i. j. k. l. 2.2 (6)a b. c. d. e. f. g. 1) h. i. j. k. l ) 41
50 (7)a b. c. d. e. f. g. A h. 42
51 i. j. k. l. (7f) (8) (8) (9) 43
52 2.4 (10) (11) - (12) (13)a. 80 b. c. d. e. 44
53 f. 1) g. 2) h. i. 3) j. k. l. (14) (15) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1) 2) 3) (13i) (13l) 45
54 1) (18a) (18b) 2) (18)a. b ) (19)a. 80 1) ) )
55 b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. 1) (20) (21) 1) 47
56 (22) (23) (24) (23) (24) (25) 48
57 (26) (26) (27) (27) (27) 49
58 (27) (27) (27)' (27)' (28) (29) ISOLA 1) 1)
59 (30) (31) ISOLA (30) (31) (32) (33) ISOLA (32) (33) (34) ISOLA (35) 51
60 (35) / / / - / 52
61 80 80 (36) (36) (37) ) / / (37)a. 100 b. 80 c. 50 d. 20 1) 53
62 e. (38) (41) (38) ISOLA (39) (40) (41) (38) (41) (42) 54
63 / / / (43) (44) (45) (46) (47)a. b. c. (48)a. b. c. 55
64 (49)a. b. c. 80 1) 2) 3) (50)a. b. c. d. e. (50) - - 1) 2000b ) 3) 56
65 (51)a. b. c. d. e. (50) (52a) (52b) 57
66 (52)a. b. (53a) (53b) (53)a. b. (53a) (53b) (54)a. b. c. (55)a. 1) b. c. (56) 1) (55a) 58
67 (57) (58) (59) (57)a. b. c. (58)a. b. c. (59)a. b. c. (60)a. b. (60a) (60b) (61) 59
68 (62)a. b. (63)a. b. (64)a. b. 1) / / / (65) 1) 60
69 (66) (67) (65) (66) (67) / / (68b) (68)a. b. (69) (68b) (69) ) 1)
70 (70) (71) 1) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74) 1)
71 (75) (76) (77) (78) (79) (77) (79) / (80)a. b. (81)a. b. 63
72 (82)a. b. (83)a. b. (84b) (84)a. b. (85)a. b. (85b) (85a) (86) (87) (86)a. b. c. (87)a. b. c. (86) 64
73 (87) 4.3 1) 1987 (88) (90) (88) (89) (90) (88) (89) (90) (88) (89) (90) 1) / /
74 (91)a. b (92)a. b. 66
75 1) (93)a. b. 2) (94)a. b. (95)a. b. 1) (i)a. / b. / c. / (ii)a. b. c. 2) (i)a b. c. 67
76 (96)a. b. / / / (97) (98) (99) ISOLA (100) (101) (102) (103) (104)a. b. 68
77 1) (105)a. / b. / (106)a. / b. / 2) 1) ) (i)a. / b. / c. / (ii) / (iii) (iv) (iii) / (iv) / (v) 69
78 1991 paradigmatic (107)a. - b. - c. - (108)a. - b. - c (109) (107) (108) (109)
79 (110) (111) (110) 1991 (8) (111) 1991 (9) (107) (108) ) (112)a. - 1) 71
80 b. - c. - d. - e. - f
81 73
82 / 1) (1) (1)a. b. c. d. e. f. (1a) (1b) (1f) 2) (2) 1) ) 1991 Palmer 1986 epistemic modality
83 (2)a. b. / / / / / / (3)a b (3a) 75
84 (3b) ) )
85 (4)a. b. c. d. 1) e. (5)a. b ) 60 77
86 1) (6a) (6b) (7c) (6)a. b. c. / / 3.1 1)
87 1) 1999 (7a) (7b) (7)a. b. (7a) (7b) (8a) (8b) (8)a. ( 1999: (36) b. ( 1999: (37) 1) a
88 (9) (10) (11) (11a) (10) a. b. (11) a. b. (11a) (11b) 80
89 1) (12a) (12b) (7h) (7i) (12a) (12b) (12)a. b. (13a) (13b) (13h) (13i) (13b) 1)
90 3.5 (13)a. b. (10) 3.6 (14) a. b. (15)a. b. (16)a. b. 82
91 (17)a. b (17a) - (17a) (18)a (7) b (35) c (i) d (ii) (18a) 83
92 (19a) (19b) (19)a. b. (19b) (19a) (20) (21) (22) (23) (20)!! (21) (22) (23) 84
93 3.2 / / / / / (24)a. b. c. 1) 1) 85
94 (25)a. b. c. (26)a. b. c. 1) / / (27) (28) (27) (11) 1) (i) 86
95 (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) / / (29) (30) (30) (31) (34) 1) / / 1)
96 OK OK OK OK#??? ) 1)
97 / / / - / - 89
98 (35a) (35b) (35c) (35)a. b. c. (35) 1) / (36) (36)a. b. c. / 1)
99 (37)a. b. c. (38a) (38b) (38c) 1) (38)a. b. c. / (39)a. - b. - c. - 1) a
100 d. e ) (40)a.?? 1987 (28) b (30) (41)a.?? 1987 (29) b (31) 1) (38c) (38c) (i) 1992 (38b) (38c) 92
101 (42)a. 1) 1987 (33) b (35) (42a) (42b) (43) a. b. c. d. e. 2) (44) a. b. c. d. e. 1) )
102 (45) a. b. c. d. e. / / (46) (46b) (46) a. b. c. (46a) (46c) (47)a. 94
103 b ) (48) 1) cf.??
104 (49) (50) (51) (52) ) (53e) (53)a. b. c. d. e. (52) (48) (51) 1) (ib) (ic) (i)a. ' b. c. 96
105 (54) (11) (54) a. b. 100 CD-ROM (55)a. b. (56)a. b. (57)a. b. (58)a. 97
106 b. (59)a. b. 14 1) (60)a. b. (61)a. b. (62) 1) (60b) (61b) 98
107 (63) (64) (65) (66) (67) (68) (69) (70) (71) 99
108 (72) (73) (74) (75) (76) 100 CD-ROM ) (77) (78) (79) (80) 1)
109 (77) (78) (79) (80) 37 (81) (82) (83) (84) (85) 101
110 (86) (81) (86) (32)
111 (45)
112 ) (87) (87) (87) 1995 (88) 1) (32) 104
113 (89)a. b. (90)a. b (91) 1993 (17) (92) 1993 (18) 105
114 (91) (92) (93) (94) 1995 (45) (95)
115 (39) (95) (96) (97) (98) (99) (100) 107
116 (101) 1) (102) / (103)a. b. c. (104)a. b. c ) (i)
117 / / - - /
118 1) (105) (106) (105) 1)
119 ISOLA (106) ISOLA (107) (108) (107)a. b. c. (108)a. b. c. (109) (109) 111
120 (110a) (110)a. b. c (111) (111)a. b. / 112
121 1) ) 1) Palmer 1986 judgments evidentials / 2) (19) (23) (25) 113
122 (112) (112) (113) a. / b. / / (114) a. / b. / / 1999 (19) (20) (21) (72) (72)a. b.?? / (73) 114
123 / (74) (72a) (74)?? (72b) 115
124 (115)a. b (72b) 3.4 (116) (116) (117) (117) (117) (118)a. b. (119)a. b. 116
125 1) 4.3 1) 117
126
127 / / 4.1 (120) 119
128 (120) (121) (122) (123) (124)a. b. 120
129 (125) (126) (127) (125) (126) (127) (128) (128) (129) 121
130 (130) a. b. (131)a. b. (132)a. b. (133) (134) (133) (134) 122
131 1) (135) a. b (136) 1) (i) 123
132 (137) (138) ) (139a) (139b) 1) I doubt, I deny, I admit 124
133 (139) a. b. (140) (140) a. b. / (143a) (141)a. b. (142)a. b. (143)a. 125
134 b. (144) (145) (146) ISOLA (147) 1) (148)a. ISOLA b. (149)a. 1) 126
135 b. (150)a. b. (151)a. b. (148) (152)a. b. c. (153)a. 127
136 b. c. (154)a. b. c. (155)a. b. c. 1) 4.5 1) (i)a. b. 128
137 3.3 (156) (157) (156) (157) 129
138 (156) (157) (158) (159) (158) (159) (160)a. b. 21 / / (161)a. b. 130
139 / / 1) (162)a. b. (163)a. b. (164)a. b. (165)a. b. (166)a. 1)
140 b. (167)a. b. (168)a. b. (169)a. b. (170)a. b. (171)a. 132
141 b. 1) / / / / 1)
142 / 134
143 1) )
144
145 - certainly sternly surely always (1) (1) (2) 1996 (1) (3) (4) 137
146 (5)a. b. (6)a. b ) 1)
147
148 (7)a. b (22b) 1982 (22a) (7a) (7b)
149 (8) 1) (9)a. b. c (23) (10) 1994 (22) 1)
150 1) (11)a (24) b (25) (12) 1)
151 (12)a (26) b ) 1)
152 (13) / / 1996 (10) 144
153 (14) 145
154 (15)a b (15a) (16)a b sentential pronominalization it so which (17) (17a) (17b) (17)a. A 10 B b. A 10 B 146
155 10 10 (18) A 10 B (19)a. 10 b. 10 (20)a. b. (21)a. b. (22)a. b. 147
156 1) (23)a. b. (24)a b (25)a. 10 b. 10 1) (23a) (24a) (i) 10 (ii)
157 c (26)a. b (27) (28)
158 1) (27) (28) (29) 5.1 1) 1998a c 150
159 (30)a. b. c. d. (31)a. / b. / c. / d. / 151
160 1) (32)a. b. / / / / 2) (32) / / 1) )
161 / (33)a. b. (34)a. b. (35)a. b. (33a) (33b)
162 (36) / (36) (36) 7.2 (36) (37) (37) (36) (37) (36) (38) (38) 154
163 (39) 1996 (11) (40) 1996 (12) (41) 1996 (13) 155
164 (42) 1996 (4) (43) 1996 (5) (42) (43) 156
165 (44)a. b. c (23)
166 (45) (45) (46) (46)
167 (47) (10) (47) 6.2 (48)a. b. (48a) (48b) 159
168 (49)a. b. (49a) (49b) (50)a. b. (50a) (50b) 1) (51)a. b. (51a) / / 1) (50b) 160
169 (51b) (50b) 7.1 (52) (54) (55) (57) (58) (52) (53) (54)!! (55) (56) (57) (58) (59) A B 161
170 (60) (60) (59) (60) 1) 7.2 (61) (61) 1) (i) 162
171 (62) (63) (45) (62) (63) 163
172 (64a) (64b) (64)a. b (65) (66) 1) (67) (68) (69) 1)
173 (70) (70a) (70b) (70)a. b. (71) 165
174 (72) 7.3 (73)a. b. (74)a. b. (75)a. b. (76)a. 166
175 b. (77)a. b. (78)a. b. (79) (79)a. b (79) (75a) (80) (80) (81) / (82) / 167
176 (83) / (84) / (85) / (86) / (87) / 168
177
178 1) a lot of the most part probably - mostly (( )) ordinary probably 1)
179 (1) (2) (1)a. b. (2)a. b. (3)a. b. (4)a. b. (5)a. b. 171
180 /
181 (6)a b (7)a b (8)a. A 10 B
182 10 b. A 10 B (9)a. A 10 B b. A 10 B 1) (10)a. b (11)a. 10 1)
183 b. 10 (12)a. 10 b. 10 (13)a. 10 b. 10 (12a) (13a) 10 (14)a. b
184 (15)a. b. / / / / (15) 1) (16) 1996 (12) (17) / / (18) (19) (20) 1) (17) 176
185 ISOLA (21) (22) (22) / / / / 177
186 (23) 2.5 (24)a. b. (24a) (24b) (25)a. b. 178
187 (25a) (25b) (26)a. b. (26a) (26b) 1) (27)a. b. (27a) / / (27b) (26b) (28)a. 1) (26b) 179
188 b. (29)a. b. (30)a. b. (31)a. b (32a) (32b) (32)a. b. (33)a. b. 180
189 c. d. e. f (34)a. b. (35)a. b. (36)a. b. (37)a. b. (38a) 181
190 (38)a. b. (39)a. b. (40)a. b. (41)a. b. (42)a. b. (43) (45) (43) 182
191 (44) (45) (46) (46) (47) (48) (49) (48) (49) 183
192 (50) (50)a. b. (50) (50b) - 184
193 (51) / / (51) (52) / / (53) / / (54) / / (55) / / (53) 100 (51) 185
194
195
196 (56) (56)a. b. c (21) (57)a. ISOLA b. c. (58) (58)a. 188
197 ISOLA b. c. / / (59)a 189
198 b. / (60) (60) 3.3 (59b) (60)
199 (61) (61)A. B. ( ) ( ) 1) (62)a. ISOLA b. (63)a. ISOLA b. 1)
200 3.3 (64)a. / / b. / / c. / / d. / / (65)a. b. (66)a. b. (67)a. b. / / / / / / / / / / / / (68) (16) (69) ISOLA (70) 192
201 (71) (72)a. b. (73) (74) 193
202 (75)a. b. 3.4 (76) ISOLA (76) 194
203 (77) ISOLA (78) / / (79) / / (80) / / (81) / / (82) (83) / 195
204 (83) / / (83) (84)a. b. c. (84) 3.5 (85) 196
205 (85)a. b. (86) (87) (86)a. b. (87)a. b. (86) (87) (86b) 197
206 (88) / / (89) / / (90) / / (91) / / (92)a. b. / ) (93)a. b. 1) 198
207 (94) ISOLA
208 (95) (96) (97) (98) (97)a. b. c. (98) A1 A (a) 1) 1)
209 (b) (c) non-action (b) (c) (99) a (11) b (11)' (11)' (94b) (100) (101) (102) (103) 1994 (12)' 1994 (13)' 1994 (14)' 1994 (15)'
210 / / (104a) (104b) (104)a. b
211 ) 4.2 (105) (106) (107) A B (108) 1) 203
212 (109) 4.3 (110)a. / b. / c. / d. / 1) (111) / (112)a. b. / / / / 1) 204
213 (113) / / (114) (115) ) (116)a. b. 1) 205
214 (117)a. b. (118)a. b. (119)a. b. (120)a. b. (121)a. b. 206
215 (122)a. b. (123) (124) (125) (126)a. / b. / (127)a. / b. / (128a) (128)a. 207
216 b (129) (130) (131) (132) (129) (130) (131) (132) (129) (131) (132) (133) (134) (133) (134) 208
217 (135) (136) (137) ) (138) (139) (138) (139) (140) (141) 1)
218 (97a) / (97b) 1998b 1) / / 1998b 8 / 1)
219 / / (142)a. / b. / c. / (143) (144)
220 ) 1)
221 1) 2) 3) (1) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) 1) 1998a 2) 3)
222 (4) (5) (6) (7) A 10 B
223 (8) 10 (9) 10 1) 3.1 (10)a. b. c. d. (11) 1) (i) 215
224 (12) (13)a b. / / / / / (14) ISOLA (15) ISOLA (16) 216
225 (17) 3.2 (18)a. / 1) b. / c. / 1) (i) (ii) 217
226 1) (19) (19) (19) (20) (20) 1)
227 (21)a. b. c. (22)a. b. 3.3 (23) ISOLA (24) (23) 219
228 (24) 1) (25) ISOLA (26) (27) ISOLA (28) ISOLA (28) (29a) (29b) 1) (i) ISOLA 220
229 (29)a. b. 4.1 (30) (31) (32) (30) (31) 221
230 ISOLA (32) (33)a. b. (34)a. b. (33a) (34a) (33b) (34b) (35) 222
231 (36) (35) (36) (37) (38) (37) (38) 4.2 (39) (40) 223
232 (39) ISOLA (40) ISOLA (41)
233 (42) ISOLA (43) (42) (43) 4.4 (44) (44) (45) (46) 225
234 (47) (48) (45) (46) (47) (48) (44) (49) (50) (51) 226
235 ISOLA (52)!!!!! (53)a. b. (54)a. b. (53) (54) 1) 4.5 (55) (57) (55) 1) (i) 227
236 (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (58) (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) 228
237 (62) (63) (64) (64)a. b. c. (65) (65) ISOLA 1) 1)
238 (66) (67) (68) 230
239 231
240 - (( )) - anyhow likely (1) (1)a. b. 232
241 2.1 1) ) ) evidential function 2)
242 3) )
243 1989 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
244 (1) (2) ) 1) 236
245 3.1 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (2) (3) (4) (5) (4) (6) (7)a. b1. 237
246 b2. c. d. e. (7a) (7c) (7e) (7b) (8)a. b1. b2. c. d. e. (9)a. b. c. 238
247 d. e. (10)a. b. c. d. e. (10a) (10c) (10e) (10b) (11)a. b. c. d. e. (11a) (11b) (11c) (11d) (11b) (11c) 239
248 (11e) 3.2 (12) (13) (14) (12) (14) (15) (15)a. b. c. 240
249 (16)a. b. c. (17)a. b. c. (18)a. b. c. (18b) (19)a. b. c. (19a) 241
250 (20) (19b) (19c) (21) (22)a. b. (23)a. b. / / / / / / / / / / / 242
251 (24)a. b. c. (25) ISOLA (26)!! (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) 243
252 (32) World Watch 1) 5.1 (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) (33) (34) (35) (37) (35) (36) 1)
253 (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) 245
254 (42) 5.2 (43) (44) (45) (46) (43) (46) (43) (44) (45) (46) 246
255 (47) (48) (49) (47) (48) (49) 247
256 248
257
258 ) ) (i) (ii) (i)a. b. (ii)a. b. 250
259 If I remember correctly (1) (2) (3) A 10 B (4) 10 (5) 10 (5)
260 (6) (7)a. b. c. d. e. (8)a. b. / / / / / (11) (9) (10) MISS 252
261 MISS SEYMORE (11) (12) ISOLA (13) (14) ) (15) 1) 253
262 a. b. / / (16)a. b. c. / (17) (18)
263 / / / 1992 (19) (19) 1992 (69) (69) / / / (20) (20) a. b. 255
264 (21)a. b. c. / (22)a. b. c. / / / 256
265 1) 2) (1) (2) (3) (4) 1) 1998b 1998c 2000a 2) 257
266 Makino and Tsutsui 1995 The adverb masaka is used to express the speaker's strong belief that an action or a state is not expected to become or to have become a reality. The action or the state is usually smomething that is not desirable for the speaker, but not always. The final predicate is either a thinking verb, a conjecture expression daro, or an expectation expression hazu, ( wake ni wa iku ) mai, and all take a negative form, as shown in Formation. 258
267 3.1 1) (5)a. b. c. (6)a. 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 259
268 b. c. (7)a. b. c. (8)a. b. c. (9)a. b. c
269 1) 1983 (10) (12) (10) (11) cf. (12) (13) (14) 1)
270 (15) (16) (17) (18) (19)
271 (20) (21) (22) (23) (22) (23) 3.4 (24) (25) (24) (25) 263
272 (26) (27)!! (28) (29) (28) (29) (28) (29) (28)' (29)' (28)' (29)' (28)' (29)' (28) (29) 1) (28) (29) (28)' (29)' (30) 1) Negative Polarity Item 264
273 (30) (31) (34) (31) (32) (33) (34) (31) (32) (33) (34) 1) (35) (36) (37) (38) / 1) (35) (38) 265
274 / ) (39) 1) 266
275 (40) (41) (41) (42) (43) (44) 1998c 85 1) / (45)a. b. / / / c. / / / / (45b) 1) 267
276 (45c) (45a) 1994 (46) (47) 1) (48) (49) 18 (50) (48)' (49)' 18 (50)' 1) (48) (50) 1998c 268
277 1981a 1981b 1) (51) (52) (53) (54) 1981a (14a) 1981a (14b) 1981a (14c) 1981a (14d) (55) 1981b (20a) (56) (54) (56) (57) (58) (57) (58) 2) 1) ) 269
278 1) 2) 3) (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) 1) ) 1984b ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
279 5.1 (64) (64) 1) (65) (66) (67) ISOLA (68) 1)
280 (69) ISOLA (70) (71) (72) a
281 5.2 (73) a. b. c. d. e. f. g (73) 1) (74) (75) (76) (77) 1) 1983 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 273
282 (73c) (73) b. c. d. (78) 10 b. c. d ) 1) b 7 274
283 (79) (80) (81) 100 (82) 1989 (83)a b (83a) (83b) 275
284 1) (84)a. b. (85) (86) (85)a. b. (86)a. b. 1)
285 (87) 1999 (88) (89) 1999 (90) 1999 (73b) (73e) (73) b. e. (91) (92) (91) (92) 277
286 (94) (93) (94) (93) (94) (95)a. b. c (16) (95b) I think it impossible that Michiko is in Tokyo. (95c) I think it sure that Michiko is not in Tokyo
287 (96)a. b (18) (97) (73b) (73f) (73) b. f
288 (98) (99) (100) (101) (98) (99) (100) (101) (100) (101) (100) (101) (100) (101) 280
289 (73) b. g. (73b) (73g) 281
290
291 10 283
292 10 / / 284
293 10 285
294 10 286
295 (1) (1)a. 287
296 10 b. c. (2) (2) (3) (4) (3) (4) 288
297 pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp a 14 pp b 15 pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp II 289
298 1993 II pp pp a 5 pp b 3 pp c 195 pp pp Sentence Adverbials Speech act 74 pp pp pp pp pp pp / 7 pp a 98 pp b 11 pp c 5 pp pp a 7 290
299 2000b pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp II pp pp pp pp pp pp pp / / 3-10 pp pp
300 pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp a pp b pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp
301 pp pp pp pp a 101 pp b 11-9 pp pp pp pp pp Greenbaum, Sydney 1969 Studies in English Adverbial Usage. London: Longman Makino, Seiichi and Michio Tsutsui 1995 A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar. Tokyo: The Japan Times Palmer, F. R Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 293
302 ISOLA World Watch
303 CD-ROM 295
304 1
305 / / 2
306 3
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