4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n 2 n = n +,n +2, n = Lyman n =2 Balmer n =3 Paschen R Rydberg R = cm 896 Zeeman Zeeman Zeeman Lorentz

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n 2 n = n +,n +2, n = Lyman n =2 Balmer n =3 Paschen R Rydberg R = cm 896 Zeeman Zeeman Zeeman Lorentz"

Transcription

1 2 Rutherford 2. Rutherford N. Bohr Rutherford 859 Kirchhoff Bunsen 86 Maxwell Maxwell 885 Balmer λ Balmer λ = n 2 n 2 4 Lyman, Paschen 3 nm, n =3, 4, 5,

2 4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n 2 n = n +,n +2, n = Lyman n =2 Balmer n =3 Paschen R Rydberg R = cm 896 Zeeman Zeeman Zeeman Lorentz Zeeman e /m =.6 C/kg 897 Thomson electron e /m =.7 C/kg 94Thomson Rutherford 99 Geiger Marsden [] 9 Rutherford Rutherford [2] 93 Geiger Marsden Rutherford [3] Chadwick Rutherford Z Z 93 N. Bohr Planck 932 Chadwick [4]

3 2.2 Rutherford Rutherford Coulomb 24 Po 2.2. Coulomb f(r) = a r 2, a =2Ze2 (2.) a =2Ze 2 m [ d 2 r dt 2 r ( ) ] dϕ 2 = f(r) dt r ( d dt mr 2 dϕ dt ) = (2.2) m Coulomb (2.2) L = mr 2 dϕ = (2.3) dt (2.2) r ϕ m d2 r dt 2 L2 mr 3 = f(r) = a r 2 (2.4) impact parameter r Coulomb f(r) v E = 2 mv2 (2.5) Coulomb E p = mv L = pb = mvb (2.6)

4 6 2 Rutherford b Coulomb 2. (2.5) (2.6) v b = L 2mE (2.7) b E L momentum p x b impact parameter z 2.: 24 Po E =5.4MeV mc 2 = 3727 MeV (2.8) v c =.54 v =.6 7 m/s (2.9) (2.4) dr/dt t E ( ) dr 2 2 m + W (r) =E (2.) dt W (r) W (r) =V (r)+ L2 2mr 2, V(r) = a r 2 (2.)

5 2.2 Rutherford 7 V (r) Coulomb (2.) W (r) E > (dr/dt) 2 E W (r) (2.2) r r min r min 2.2 Coulomb r min r 2 a E r W (r min )=E (2.3) L2 2mE r2 2b r b 2 = (2.4) b b r min > r min = b = a 2E 24 Po b = 2Ze2 2E (2.5) ( a ) a 2 2E + + L2 2E 2mE = b + b 2 + b 2 (2.6) hc = Zα E = MeVfm = 2 fm (2.7) MeV α = e 2 /( hc) fine structure constant fm= 5 m 7fm 2.2 b =2fm (2.4) r(t) r(ϕ) (2.23) r = u (2.8)

6 8 2 Rutherford 2 potential [ MeV ] 5 5 r min E r [ fm ] 2.2: r r min Coulomb (2.4) dr dt = dr dϕ du = r2 dϕ dt dϕ L mr 2 = L m du dϕ (2.9) d 2 r dt 2 = d ( L ) du = L dt m dϕ m [ d dϕ ( )] du dϕ dϕ dt = L2 d 2 u m 2 dϕ 2 u2 (2.2) d 2 u dϕ 2 + u = am L 2 (2.2) u = am/l 2 (2.2) A ϕ u = A cos (ϕ ϕ ) am L 2 (2.22) ϕ + r ϕ = ϕ r r(ϕ) = L2 am ε cos (ϕ ϕ ) ε = cos ϕ > (2.23)

7 2.2 Rutherford 9 ϕ = ϕ 2.3 ϕ = ϕ b ϕ r min θ target 2.3: Rutherford θ ϕ = ϕ r min = L 2 am(ε ) (2.24) b b = lim ϕ r(ϕ) sin ϕ = L2 am ε sin ϕ = L 2 am tan ϕ (2.25) L 2 =2mEb 2 b (2.35) (2.34) ϕ r dϕ dr = dϕ dt dt dr (2.26) r (2.3)

8 2 2 Rutherford (2.) dϕ dr = ± L mr 2 2 ( E W (r) m ) = ± L 2m r 2 E W (r) (2.27) ± dr/dt + ϕ = Coulomb ϕ =2ϕ 2ϕ r + r min + dr/dt 2.3 2ϕ = rmin L 2m dr r 2 E W (r) + r min L 2m dr r 2 E W (r) = 2L 2m r min dr r 2 E W (r) (2.28) b r = b u dr = b du (2.29) u2 E W (b/u) =E L2 u 2 2mb 2 au ( b = E u 2 a ) ( be u = E u 2 2b ) b u (2.3) 2ϕ = ( 2L ) du 2mE b b/r min (2b /b)u u 2 b/rmin du = 2 (2.3) (2b /b)u u 2 2ϕ =2 [ ] b/rmin tan u + b /b (2b /b)u u 2 = π 2 tan b b (2.32) r min (2.6) 2.3 ϕ =

9 2.2 Rutherford 2 ϕ = π ϕ =2ϕ θ θ = π 2ϕ (2.33) θ = 2 tan a 2Eb (2.34) θ E b 2.4 (2.34) 2.4: Rutherford b = a 2E tan (θ/2) (2.35) E θ b r min θ r min (θ) = a ( ) + (2.36) 2E sin (θ/2) m

10 22 2 Rutherford z z N b b +db dn =2πbdbN (2.37) db b 2.5: b b +db (2.34) θ θ +dθ θ θ +dθ dn =2πb db dθn (2.38) dθ N [ ] dn [ ] R θ θ +dθ 2π sin θr R dθ R 2 θ θ +dθ z dω = 2π sin θr R dθ R 2 =2π sin θ dθ (2.39) θ π 4π

11 2.2 Rutherford 23 R dθ θ z 2.6: θ θ +dθ (2.38) dω dn = b sin θ N dn dσ dσ = dn N = b sin θ db dωn (2.4) dθ db dω (2.4) dθ dn N σ σ cross section dσ dω = b db (2.42) sin θ dθ differential cross section Rutherford (2.42) Coulomb db/dθ (2.35) db/dθ Coulomb ( ) dσ a 2 dω = 4E sin 4 (θ/2) (2.43) Rutherford Z =79 E =5.4MeV Rutherford 2.7 barn/sr barn = 28 m 2 sr Rutherford θ = Coulomb /r

12 24 2 Rutherford 5 4 dσ/dω [barn/sr] scattering angle θ [degree] 2.7: Rutherford Coulomb Rutherford Rutherford Coulomb 99 Geiger Marsden Rutherford 24 Po 9 Rutherford Ze Z 79 (2.36) θ = 8

13 Z =79 E =5.4MeV r min (θ = π) = a 2E 2.2 Rutherford 25 = 42 fm (2.44) 42fm 5 fm E r min E θ E Rutherford Coulomb Coulomb L = 2mE b E =5.4MeV m = 3727 MeV/c 2 L [MeV s]= [MeV s/fm ] b fm (2.45) θ =9 b b = b =2fm L =.4 2 MeV s (2.46) L Planck h L 2 h

14 26 2 Rutherford 2.3 Rutherford 2.3. Schrödinger V (r) m Schrödinger ( h2 2m + V (r) ) ψ(r) =Eψ(r) (2.47) ψ(r) V (r) lim rv(r) = (2.48) r Coulomb Schrödinger E k k 2 = 2mE 2mV (r) h 2 U(r) = h 2 (2.49) Schrödinger ( + k 2) ψ(r) =U(r) ψ(r) (2.5) z 2.8 ψ(r) (2π) 3/2 [ exp(ikz)+ f(θ) ] exp(ikr) r ( r ) (2.5) f(θ) scattering amplitude θ (2π) 3 exp[ i(k k ) r ]dr = δ(k k ) (2.52) 2π 2π 2π (2π) 3 dx dy dz exp(ikz) 2 = (2.53) 2π

15 2.3 Rutherford 27 outgoing spherical wave r θ z incoming plane wave Green 2.8: Schrödinger (2.5) Helmholtz ( + k 2) χ(r) =U(r) ψ(r) (2.54) ( + k 2) G (r) =δ(r) (2.55) G (r) (2.54) Green G (r) (2.54) χ(r) = dr G (r r ) U(r )ψ(r ) (2.56) ( + k 2) χ(r) = dr δ(r r ) U(r )ψ(r )=U(r)ψ(r) (2.57) χ(r) Green G (r) G (r) δ(r) Fourier G (r) = dk G (k ) exp (ik r) δ(r) = (2.58) (2π) 3 dk exp (ik r)

16 28 2 Rutherford (2.54) ( k 2 k 2 ) G (k )= (2π) 3 (2.59) G (r) Fourier G (r) G (r) = (2π) 3 dk exp (ik r) k 2 k 2 (2.6) k 2.9 r z G (r) = (2π) 3 k 2 dk π sin θ dθ exp (ik r cos θ ) k 2 k 2 2π dϕ (2.6) ϕ 2π θ G (r) = k sin k r 2π 2 r k 2 k 2 dk (2.62) z k r θ k x ϕ y 2.9: k k sin k r exp (±ik r) G (r) = 4π 2 r I ± = k sin k r k 2 k 2 dk = 6π 2 ir 2 [ I + I ] (2.63) ( k + k + ) k exp (± ik r)dk k (2.64) k = k k = k k k 2.

17 2.3 Rutherford 29 I + C + I C I ± =2πi exp (ikr) (2.65) (2.63) Green G (r) = exp (ikr) (2.66) 4πr C + k k k k C 2.: k I + I z Schrödinger (2.5) ψ(r) = exp (ik r r ) exp (ikz) (2π) 3/2 4π r r U(r ) ψ(r )dr (2.67) Schrödinger ψ(r) Schrödinger f(θ) ψ(r) (2.5) (2.67) r r V r r n r r r r r = r 2 + r 2 2(n r ) r r (n r ) (2.68) r r r r r [ +(n r ) ] r (2.69)

18 3 2 Rutherford (2.67) [ ψ(r) (2π) 3/2 exp (ikz) { exp (ikr) + (2π)3/2 r 4π exp ( ik r ) U(r ) ψ(r )dr }] (2.7) k k = k n r (2.5) f(θ) f(θ) = (2π)3/2 4π exp ( ik r ) U(r ) ψ(r )dr (2.7) N φ = exp (ikz) (2.72) (2π) 3/2 z N = j z = [ φ h φ 2m i z h φ ] i z φ (2.73) (2.72) j z = (2π) 3 hk m = v =( hk)/m χ = v (2π) 3 (2.74) exp (ikr) (2π) 3/2 f(θ) (2.75) r r j r = [ χ h χ 2m i r h χ ] i r χ (2.76) r 2 j r = v (2π) 3 f(θ) 2 r 2 (2.77)

19 2.3 Rutherford 3 ds dn dn = j r ds = v (2π) 3 f(θ) 2 dω (2.78) dω ds dσ = dn N = f(θ) 2 dω (2.79) dσ dω = f(θ) 2 (2.8) Born f(θ) = (2π)3/2 4π exp ( ik r ) U(r ) ψ(r )dr (2.8) ψ(r ) ψ(r ) ψ(r ) φ(r )= exp (ikz) (2.82) (2π) 3/2 Born f(θ) = exp ( ik r ) U(r ) exp (ikz )dr (2.83) 4π k r n θ q k z V ( r ) 2.:

20 32 2 Rutherford θ 2. k k hq = hk hk (2.84) k = k hq = h q =2 hk sin θ 2 (2.85) q f(θ) = exp( iq r ) U(r )dr (2.86) 4π q z r f(θ) = r sin qr U(r )dr = j (qr ) U(r ) r 2 dr (2.87) q j (qr ) Bessel V (r ) f(θ) = 2m h 2 = j (qr ) V (r ) r 2 dr (2.88) [ dσ 2m ] 2 dω = h 2 j (qr ) V (r ) r 2 dr (2.89) Coulomb V (r) = a r aρ(r ) r r dr (2.9) ρ ρ(r)dr =4π ρ(r) r 2 dr = (2.9) (2.9) Coulomb /r r

21 2.3 Rutherford 33 (2.9) Born (2.87) f(θ) = 4π 2ma h 2 [ I + I 2 ] (2.92) exp (iq r ) ρ(r I = r dr ) exp (iq r ) I 2 = r r dr dr (2.93) g(r) = exp (iq r ) r r dr (2.94) I = g() I 2 = ρ(r ) g(r )dr (2.95) (2.94) g(r) exp (iq r) g(r) g(r) = 4π exp (iq r) (2.96) g(r) =4π exp (iq r) q 2 (2.97) I = 4π q 2 I 2 = (4π)2 q 2 j (qr) ρ(r) r 2 dr (2.98) I 2 f(θ) = 2ma +F (q) h 2 q 2 (2.99) F (q) Fourier F (q) =4π j (qr) ρ(r) r 2 dr (2.) q 2 =4k 2 sin 2 θ 2 = 4m2 v 2 f(θ) = h 2 sin 2 θ 2 a 4E [ +F (q)] sin 2 (θ/2) ( ) dσ a 2 dω = [ +F (q)] 2 4E sin 4 (θ/2) (2.) (2.2) (2.3)

22 34 2 Rutherford E = 2 mv2 F (q) = ( ) dσ a 2 dω = 4E sin 4 (θ/2) (2.4) Rutherford F (q) = rv (r) (r ) F (q) = Born Born F (q) = F(q) = Born Rutherford V (r) =a/r Schrödinger

23 Coulomb Coulomb Ze 2 ρ(r ) V (r) = r r dr (2.5) ρ(r) ρ(r)dr =4π ρ(r) r 2 dr = (2.6) Ze θ Dirac αz =(Ze 2 )/( hc) dσ dω = dσ dω F (q) 2 (2.7) Mott Mott [5] Ze ( ) dσ Ze 2 2 cos 2 (θ/2) dω = Mott 2E sin 4 (2.8) (θ/2) F (q) ρ(r) Fourier F (q) =4π ρ(r) j (qr) r 2 dr (2.9)

24 36 2 Rutherford j (qr) Bessel q q q = 2E sin (θ/2) (2.) hc F(q) = F (q) = F (q) ρ(r) Fourier ρ(r) = 2π 2 (2.9) F (q) j (qr) q 2 dq (2.) ρ(r) qr Bessel j (qr) = sin qr qr 6 (qr)2 + 2 (qr)4 (2.2) (2.9) F (q) = 4π ρ(r) r 2 dr q2 6 4π ρ(r) r 4 dr + q4 2 4π ρ(r) r 6 dr = 6 q2 r q4 r 4 (2.3) r 2 =4π r 2 ρ(r) r 2 dr (2.4) r 2 E reduced de Broglie λ 2π = hc 2 MeV fm E E (2.5) fm E 2 MeV m e =.5 MeV/c 2 p = c E 2 (m e c 2 ) 2 E c (2.6) E = 2 MeV θ =6 q =fm

25 E = 2 MeV b =fm L = 2m e Eb= MeV s=.7 h (2.7) Coulomb Rutherford (2.7) Mott (2.8) Rutherford cos 2 (θ/2) /2 Dirac σ p/ p (2.) q F (q) r q 2.2 F (q) 2 Fermi q F (q) 2 Mott q q ρ(r) Fourier (2.9) F (q)

26 38 2 Rutherford ρ / ρ radius r [fm] - -2 F ( q ) momentum transfer q [fm - ] 2.2: Fermi ρ ρ(r) = ( ) (2.8) r R + exp a Fermi ρ a Fermi 2.3 r = R ρ(r) =ρ /2 a.6 fm r = R.5 fm

27 % % t t = a log e 9=2.2a R..9 t t t = 2.2 a ρ / ρ radius r [fm] 2.3: Fermi R =6fm 5 fm 4fm Fermi R a Fermi ρ.7 fm 3 (2.9) 6fm 3 ρ m mρ =2.8 4 g cm 3 (2.2)

28 4 2 Rutherford H. Geiger and E. Marsden, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A82 (99) E. Rutherford, Phil. Mag. 2 (9) H. Geiger and E. Marsden, Phil. Mag. 25 (93) J. Chadwick, Nature, 29 (932) 32, Proc. Roy. Sco. (London), A36 (932) N.F. Mott, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A35 (932) 429, A24 (929)

IA

IA IA 31 4 11 1 1 4 1.1 Planck.............................. 4 1. Bohr.................................... 5 1.3..................................... 6 8.1................................... 8....................................

More information

QMI_10.dvi

QMI_10.dvi ... black body radiation black body black body radiation Gustav Kirchhoff 859 895 W. Wien O.R. Lummer cavity radiation ν ν +dν f T (ν) f T (ν)dν = 8πν2 c 3 kt dν (Rayleigh Jeans) (.) f T (ν) spectral energy

More information

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5.

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5. A 1. Boltzmann Planck u(ν, T )dν = 8πh ν 3 c 3 kt 1 dν h 6.63 10 34 J s Planck k 1.38 10 23 J K 1 Boltzmann u(ν, T ) T ν e hν c = 3 10 8 m s 1 2. Planck λ = c/ν Rayleigh-Jeans u(ν, T )dν = 8πν2 kt dν c

More information

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 2 Coulomb Gauss Coulomb 2.1 Coulomb 1 2 r 1 r 2 1 2 F 12 2 1 F 21 F 12 = F 21 = 1 4πε 0 1 2 r 1 r 2 2 r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 (2.1) Coulomb ε 0 = 107 4πc 2 =8.854 187 817 10 12 C 2 N 1 m 2 (2.2)

More information

Gmech08.dvi

Gmech08.dvi 51 5 5.1 5.1.1 P r P z θ P P P z e r e, z ) r, θ, ) 5.1 z r e θ,, z r, θ, = r sin θ cos = r sin θ sin 5.1) e θ e z = r cos θ r, θ, 5.1: 0 r

More information

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H 199 1 1 199 1 1. Vx) m e V cos x π x π Vx) = x < π, x > π V i) x = Vx) V 1 x /)) n n d f dξ ξ d f dξ + n f = H n ξ) ii) H n ξ) = 1) n expξ ) dn dξ n exp ξ )) H n ξ)h m ξ) exp ξ )dξ = π n n!δ n,m x = Vx)

More information

II

II II 28 5 31 3 I 5 1 7 1.1.......................... 7 1.1.1 ( )................ 7 1.1.2........................ 12 1.1.3................... 13 1.1.4 ( )................. 14 1.1.5................... 15

More information

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345

More information

4/15 No.

4/15 No. 4/15 No. 1 4/15 No. 4/15 No. 3 Particle of mass m moving in a potential V(r) V(r) m i ψ t = m ψ(r,t)+v(r)ψ(r,t) ψ(r,t) = ϕ(r)e iωt ψ(r,t) Wave function steady state m ϕ(r)+v(r)ϕ(r) = εϕ(r) Eigenvalue problem

More information

Planck Bohr

Planck Bohr I 30 7 11 1 1 5 1.1 Planck.............................. 5 1. Bohr.................................... 6 1.3..................................... 7 9.1................................... 9....................................

More information

02-量子力学の復習

02-量子力学の復習 4/17 No. 1 4/17 No. 2 4/17 No. 3 Particle of mass m moving in a potential V(r) V(r) m i ψ t = 2 2m 2 ψ(r,t)+v(r)ψ(r,t) ψ(r,t) Wave function ψ(r,t) = ϕ(r)e iωt steady state 2 2m 2 ϕ(r)+v(r)ϕ(r) = εϕ(r)

More information

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ II p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ Ψ Ψ 2 0 x P'(x) m d 2 x = mω 2 x = kx = F(x) dt 2 x = cos(ωt + φ) mω 2 = k ω = m k v = dx = -ωsin(ωt + φ) dt = d 2 x dt 2 0 y v θ P(x,y) θ = ωt + φ ν = ω [Hz] 2π

More information

( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c) yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1

( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c)   yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1 2009 1 ( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) 1 1. 2. Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c) http://goofy.phys.nara-wu.ac.jp/ yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1 1. ( photon) ν λ = c ν (c = 3.0 108 /m : ) ɛ = hν (1) p = hν/c = h/λ (2) h

More information

II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re

II ( ) (7/31) II (  [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re II 29 7 29-7-27 ( ) (7/31) II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I Euler Navier

More information

Mott散乱によるParity対称性の破れを検証

Mott散乱によるParity対称性の破れを検証 Mott Parity P2 Mott target Mott Parity Parity Γ = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 t P P ),,, ( 3 2 1 0 1 γ γ γ γ γ γ ν ν µ µ = = Γ 1 : : : Γ P P P P x x P ν ν µ µ vector axial vector ν ν µ µ γ γ Γ ν γ

More information

006 11 8 0 3 1 5 1.1..................... 5 1......................... 6 1.3.................... 6 1.4.................. 8 1.5................... 8 1.6................... 10 1.6.1......................

More information

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2 2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6

More information

1 I 1.1 ± e = = - = C C MKSA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKSA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1

1 I 1.1 ± e = = - = C C MKSA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKSA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1 1 I 1.1 ± e = = - =1.602 10 19 C C MKA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1 1.1 r 1,2 q 1, q 2 r 12 2 q 1, q 2 2 F 12 = k q 1q 2 r 12 2 (1.1) k 2 k 2 ( r 1 r 2 ) ( r 2 r 1 ) q 1 q 2 (q 1 q 2

More information

( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) (

( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) ( 6 20 ( ) sin, cos, tan sin, cos, tan, arcsin, arccos, arctan. π 2 sin π 2, 0 cos π, π 2 < tan < π 2 () ( 2 2 lim 2 ( 2 ) ) 2 = 3 sin (2) lim 5 0 = 2 2 0 0 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 7 4 5 8 4 9 3 4 a 3 b

More information

30

30 3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

More information

meiji_resume_1.PDF

meiji_resume_1.PDF β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E

More information

20 4 20 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 4 2 11 2.1................... 11 2.2......................... 11 2.3....................... 19 3 25 3.1.............................

More information

Gmech08.dvi

Gmech08.dvi 145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2

More information

120 9 I I 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 ( a) ( b) ( c ) I I 2 I 1 I ( d) ( e) ( f ) 9.1: Ampère (c) (d) (e) S I 1 I 2 B ds = µ 0 ( I 1 I 2 ) I 1 I 2 B ds =0. I 1 I 2

120 9 I I 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 ( a) ( b) ( c ) I I 2 I 1 I ( d) ( e) ( f ) 9.1: Ampère (c) (d) (e) S I 1 I 2 B ds = µ 0 ( I 1 I 2 ) I 1 I 2 B ds =0. I 1 I 2 9 E B 9.1 9.1.1 Ampère Ampère Ampère s law B S µ 0 B ds = µ 0 j ds (9.1) S rot B = µ 0 j (9.2) S Ampère Biot-Savart oulomb Gauss Ampère rot B 0 Ampère µ 0 9.1 (a) (b) I B ds = µ 0 I. I 1 I 2 B ds = µ 0

More information

The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER :

The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER : The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER 4 1 4 2 41 : 2 42 14 43 17 44 25 45 27 46 3 47 31 48 32 49 34 41 35 411 36 maintex 23/11/28 The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER 4 2 4 41 : 2 1 σ 2 (21) (22) k I = I exp(

More information

21 2 26 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 3 2 9 2.1................... 9 2.2.......... 9 2.3................... 11 2.4....................... 12 3 15 3.1..........

More information

Radiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t)

Radiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t) Radiation from moving harges# Liénard-Wiehert potential Yuji Chinone Maxwell Maxwell MKS E x, t + B x, t = B x, t = B x, t E x, t = µ j x, t 3 E x, t = ε ρ x, t 4 ε µ ε µ = E B ρ j A x, t φ x, t A x, t

More information

(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 {

(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 { 7 4.., ], ], ydy, ], 3], y + y dy 3, ], ], + y + ydy 4, ], ], y ydy ydy y y ] 3 3 ] 3 y + y dy y + 3 y3 5 + 9 3 ] 3 + y + ydy 5 6 3 + 9 ] 3 73 6 y + y + y ] 3 + 3 + 3 3 + 3 + 3 ] 4 y y dy y ] 3 y3 83 3

More information

80 4 r ˆρ i (r, t) δ(r x i (t)) (4.1) x i (t) ρ i ˆρ i t = 0 i r 0 t(> 0) j r 0 + r < δ(r 0 x i (0))δ(r 0 + r x j (t)) > (4.2) r r 0 G i j (r, t) dr 0

80 4 r ˆρ i (r, t) δ(r x i (t)) (4.1) x i (t) ρ i ˆρ i t = 0 i r 0 t(> 0) j r 0 + r < δ(r 0 x i (0))δ(r 0 + r x j (t)) > (4.2) r r 0 G i j (r, t) dr 0 79 4 4.1 4.1.1 x i (t) x j (t) O O r 0 + r r r 0 x i (0) r 0 x i (0) 4.1 L. van. Hove 1954 space-time correlation function V N 4.1 ρ 0 = N/V i t 80 4 r ˆρ i (r, t) δ(r x i (t)) (4.1) x i (t) ρ i ˆρ i t

More information

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4 1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev

More information

i E B Maxwell Maxwell Newton Newton Schrödinger Newton Maxwell Kepler Maxwell Maxwell B H B ii Newton i 1 1.1.......................... 1 1.2 Coulomb.......................... 2 1.3.........................

More information

50 2 I SI MKSA r q r q F F = 1 qq 4πε 0 r r 2 r r r r (2.2 ε 0 = 1 c 2 µ 0 c = m/s q 2.1 r q' F r = 0 µ 0 = 4π 10 7 N/A 2 k = 1/(4πε 0 qq

50 2 I SI MKSA r q r q F F = 1 qq 4πε 0 r r 2 r r r r (2.2 ε 0 = 1 c 2 µ 0 c = m/s q 2.1 r q' F r = 0 µ 0 = 4π 10 7 N/A 2 k = 1/(4πε 0 qq 49 2 I II 2.1 3 e e = 1.602 10 19 A s (2.1 50 2 I SI MKSA 2.1.1 r q r q F F = 1 qq 4πε 0 r r 2 r r r r (2.2 ε 0 = 1 c 2 µ 0 c = 3 10 8 m/s q 2.1 r q' F r = 0 µ 0 = 4π 10 7 N/A 2 k = 1/(4πε 0 qq F = k r

More information

. ev=,604k m 3 Debye ɛ 0 kt e λ D = n e n e Ze 4 ln Λ ν ei = 5.6π / ɛ 0 m/ e kt e /3 ν ei v e H + +e H ev Saha x x = 3/ πme kt g i g e n

. ev=,604k m 3 Debye ɛ 0 kt e λ D = n e n e Ze 4 ln Λ ν ei = 5.6π / ɛ 0 m/ e kt e /3 ν ei v e H + +e H ev Saha x x = 3/ πme kt g i g e n 003...............................3 Debye................. 3.4................ 3 3 3 3. Larmor Cyclotron... 3 3................ 4 3.3.......... 4 3.3............ 4 3.3...... 4 3.3.3............ 5 3.4.........

More information

18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α

18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α 18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α 2 ), ϕ(t) = B 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + B 2 cos(ω 2 t

More information

Untitled

Untitled II 14 14-7-8 8/4 II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ 6/ ] Navier Stokes 3 [ ] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I 1 balance law t (ρv i )+ j

More information

I ( ) 2019

I ( ) 2019 I ( ) 2019 i 1 I,, III,, 1,,,, III,,,, (1 ) (,,, ), :...,, : NHK... NHK, (YouTube ),!!, manaba http://pen.envr.tsukuba.ac.jp/lec/physics/,, Richard Feynman Lectures on Physics Addison-Wesley,,,, x χ,

More information

ma22-9 u ( v w) = u v w sin θê = v w sin θ u cos φ = = 2.3 ( a b) ( c d) = ( a c)( b d) ( a d)( b c) ( a b) ( c d) = (a 2 b 3 a 3 b 2 )(c 2 d 3 c 3 d

ma22-9 u ( v w) = u v w sin θê = v w sin θ u cos φ = = 2.3 ( a b) ( c d) = ( a c)( b d) ( a d)( b c) ( a b) ( c d) = (a 2 b 3 a 3 b 2 )(c 2 d 3 c 3 d A 2. x F (t) =f sin ωt x(0) = ẋ(0) = 0 ω θ sin θ θ 3! θ3 v = f mω cos ωt x = f mω (t sin ωt) ω t 0 = f ( cos ωt) mω x ma2-2 t ω x f (t mω ω (ωt ) 6 (ωt)3 = f 6m ωt3 2.2 u ( v w) = v ( w u) = w ( u v) ma22-9

More information

A (1) = 4 A( 1, 4) 1 A 4 () = tan A(0, 0) π A π

A (1) = 4 A( 1, 4) 1 A 4 () = tan A(0, 0) π A π 4 4.1 4.1.1 A = f() = f() = a f (a) = f() (a, f(a)) = f() (a, f(a)) f(a) = f 0 (a)( a) 4.1 (4, ) = f() = f () = 1 = f (4) = 1 4 4 (4, ) = 1 ( 4) 4 = 1 4 + 1 17 18 4 4.1 A (1) = 4 A( 1, 4) 1 A 4 () = tan

More information

Part () () Γ Part ,

Part () () Γ Part , Contents a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7. 8.. 8.. 8.3. 8 Part. 9. 9.. 9.. 3. 3.. 3.. 3 4. 5 4.. 5 4.. 9 4.3. 3 Part. 6 5. () 6 5.. () 7 5.. 9 5.3. Γ 3 6. 3 6.. 3 6.. 3 6.3. 33 Part 3. 34 7. 34 7.. 34 7.. 34 8. 35

More information

66 σ σ (8.1) σ = 0 0 σd = 0 (8.2) (8.2) (8.1) E ρ d = 0... d = 0 (8.3) d 1 NN K K 8.1 d σd σd M = σd = E 2 d (8.4) ρ 2 d = I M = EI ρ 1 ρ = M EI ρ EI

66 σ σ (8.1) σ = 0 0 σd = 0 (8.2) (8.2) (8.1) E ρ d = 0... d = 0 (8.3) d 1 NN K K 8.1 d σd σd M = σd = E 2 d (8.4) ρ 2 d = I M = EI ρ 1 ρ = M EI ρ EI 65 8. K 8 8 7 8 K 6 7 8 K 6 M Q σ (6.4) M O ρ dθ D N d N 1 P Q B C (1 + ε)d M N N h 2 h 1 ( ) B (+) M 8.1: σ = E ρ (E, 1/ρ ) (8.1) 66 σ σ (8.1) σ = 0 0 σd = 0 (8.2) (8.2) (8.1) E ρ d = 0... d = 0 (8.3)

More information

eto-vol2.prepri.dvi

eto-vol2.prepri.dvi ( 2) 3.4 5 (b),(c) [ 5 (a)] [ 5 (b)] [ 5 (c)] (extrinsic) skew scattering side jump [] [2, 3] (intrinsic) 2 Sinova 2 heavy-hole light-hole ( [4, 5, 6] ) Sinova Sinova 3. () 3 3 Ṽ = V (r)+ σ [p V (r)] λ

More information

http://www1.doshisha.ac.jp/ bukka/qc.html 1. 107 2. 116 3. 1 119 4. 2 126 5. 132 6. 136 7. 1 140 8. 146 9. 2 150 10. 153 11. 157 12. π Hückel 159 13. 163 A-1. Laguerre 165 A-2. Hermite 167 A-3. 170 A-4.

More information

c y /2 ddy = = 2π sin θ /2 dθd /2 [ ] 2π cos θ d = log 2 + a 2 d = log 2 + a 2 = log 2 + a a 2 d d + 2 = l

c y /2 ddy = = 2π sin θ /2 dθd /2 [ ] 2π cos θ d = log 2 + a 2 d = log 2 + a 2 = log 2 + a a 2 d d + 2 = l c 28. 2, y 2, θ = cos θ y = sin θ 2 3, y, 3, θ, ϕ = sin θ cos ϕ 3 y = sin θ sin ϕ 4 = cos θ 5.2 2 e, e y 2 e, e θ e = cos θ e sin θ e θ 6 e y = sin θ e + cos θ e θ 7.3 sgn sgn = = { = + > 2 < 8.4 a b 2

More information

ssp2_fixed.dvi

ssp2_fixed.dvi 13 12 30 2 1 3 1.1... 3 1.2... 4 1.3 Bravais... 4 1.4 Miller... 4 2 X 5 2.1 Bragg... 5 2.2... 5 2.3... 7 3 Brillouin 13 3.1... 13 3.2 Brillouin... 13 3.3 Brillouin... 14 3.4 Bloch... 16 3.5 Bloch... 17

More information

I-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co

I-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co 16 I ( ) (1) I-1 I-2 I-3 (2) I-1 ( ) (100 ) 2l x x = 0 y t y(x, t) y(±l, t) = 0 m T g y(x, t) l y(x, t) c = 2 y(x, t) c 2 2 y(x, t) = g (A) t 2 x 2 T/m (1) y 0 (x) y 0 (x) = g c 2 (l2 x 2 ) (B) (2) (1)

More information

2 Chapter 4 (f4a). 2. (f4cone) ( θ) () g M. 2. (f4b) T M L P a θ (f4eki) ρ H A a g. v ( ) 2. H(t) ( )

2 Chapter 4 (f4a). 2. (f4cone) ( θ) () g M. 2. (f4b) T M L P a θ (f4eki) ρ H A a g. v ( ) 2. H(t) ( ) http://astr-www.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~shibata f4a f4b 2 f4cone f4eki f4end 4 f5meanfp f6coin () f6a f7a f7b f7d f8a f8b f9a f9b f9c f9kep f0a f0bt version feqmo fvec4 fvec fvec6 fvec2 fvec3 f3a (-D) f3b

More information

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi) 0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()

More information

Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j = i j 1 if i jk is an even permutation of 1,2,3. ε i jk = 1 if i jk is an odd permutation of 1,2,3. otherwise. 3 4

Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j = i j 1 if i jk is an even permutation of 1,2,3. ε i jk = 1 if i jk is an odd permutation of 1,2,3. otherwise. 3 4 [2642 ] Yuji Chinone 1 1-1 ρ t + j = 1 1-1 V S ds ds Eq.1 ρ t + j dv = ρ t dv = t V V V ρdv = Q t Q V jdv = j ds V ds V I Q t + j ds = ; S S [ Q t ] + I = Eq.1 2 2 Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j =

More information

Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x

Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x 7 7.1 7.1.1 Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x 3 )=(x 0, x )=(ct, x ) (7.3) E/c ct K = E mc 2 (7.4)

More information

22 2 24 3 I 7 1 9 1.1.......................... 10 1.1.1 Newton Galilei........ 10 1.1.2.......................... 11 1.1.3..................... 12 1.1.4........................ 13 1.1.5.....................

More information

, 3, 6 = 3, 3,,,, 3,, 9, 3, 9, 3, 3, 4, 43, 4, 3, 9, 6, 6,, 0 p, p, p 3,..., p n N = p p p 3 p n + N p n N p p p, p 3,..., p n p, p,..., p n N, 3,,,,

, 3, 6 = 3, 3,,,, 3,, 9, 3, 9, 3, 3, 4, 43, 4, 3, 9, 6, 6,, 0 p, p, p 3,..., p n N = p p p 3 p n + N p n N p p p, p 3,..., p n p, p,..., p n N, 3,,,, 6,,3,4,, 3 4 8 6 6................................. 6.................................. , 3, 6 = 3, 3,,,, 3,, 9, 3, 9, 3, 3, 4, 43, 4, 3, 9, 6, 6,, 0 p, p, p 3,..., p n N = p p p 3 p n + N p n N p p p,

More information

II

II II 28 5 31 3 I 7 1 9 1.1.......................... 9 1.1.1 ( )................ 9 1.1.2........................ 14 1.1.3................... 15 1.1.4 ( )................. 16 1.1.5................... 17

More information

QMI13a.dvi

QMI13a.dvi I (2013 (MAEDA, Atsutaka) 25 10 15 [ I I [] ( ) 0. (a) (b) Plank Compton de Broglie Bohr 1. (a) Einstein- de Broglie (b) (c) 1 (d) 2. Schrödinger (a) Schrödinger (b) Schrödinger (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c)

More information

QMII_10.dvi

QMII_10.dvi 65 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1 H H () = E (), (1.1) H ν () = E ν () ν (). (1.) () () = δ, (1.3) μ () ν () = δ(μ ν). (1.4) E E ν () E () H 1.1: H α(t) = c (t) () + dνc ν (t) ν (), (1.5) H () () + dν ν () ν () = 1 (1.6)

More information

Aharonov-Bohm(AB) S 0 1/ 2 1/ 2 S t = 1/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/, (12.1) 2 1/2 1/2 *1 AB ( ) 0 e iθ AB S AB = e iθ, AB 0 θ 2π ϕ = e ϕ (ϕ ) ϕ

Aharonov-Bohm(AB) S 0 1/ 2 1/ 2 S t = 1/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/, (12.1) 2 1/2 1/2 *1 AB ( ) 0 e iθ AB S AB = e iθ, AB 0 θ 2π ϕ = e ϕ (ϕ ) ϕ 1 13 6 8 3.6.3 - Aharonov-BohmAB) S 1/ 1/ S t = 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/, 1.1) 1/ 1/ *1 AB ) e iθ AB S AB = e iθ, AB θ π ϕ = e ϕ ϕ ) ϕ 1.) S S ) e iθ S w = e iθ 1.3) θ θ AB??) S t = 4 sin θ 1 + e iθ AB e iθ AB + e

More information

(1.2) T D = 0 T = D = 30 kn 1.2 (1.4) 2F W = 0 F = W/2 = 300 kn/2 = 150 kn 1.3 (1.9) R = W 1 + W 2 = = 1100 N. (1.9) W 2 b W 1 a = 0

(1.2) T D = 0 T = D = 30 kn 1.2 (1.4) 2F W = 0 F = W/2 = 300 kn/2 = 150 kn 1.3 (1.9) R = W 1 + W 2 = = 1100 N. (1.9) W 2 b W 1 a = 0 1 1 1.1 1.) T D = T = D = kn 1. 1.4) F W = F = W/ = kn/ = 15 kn 1. 1.9) R = W 1 + W = 6 + 5 = 11 N. 1.9) W b W 1 a = a = W /W 1 )b = 5/6) = 5 cm 1.4 AB AC P 1, P x, y x, y y x 1.4.) P sin 6 + P 1 sin 45

More information

2019 1 5 0 3 1 4 1.1.................... 4 1.1.1......................... 4 1.1.2........................ 5 1.1.3................... 5 1.1.4........................ 6 1.1.5......................... 6 1.2..........................

More information

1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2

1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 filename=mathformula58.tex ax + bx + c =, x = b ± b 4ac, (.) a x + x = b a, x x = c a, (.) ax + b x + c =, x = b ± b ac. a (.3). sin(a ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B, (.) cos(a ± B) = cos A cos B sin

More information

9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) Ĥ0 ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ 0 ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ0 + Ĥint (

9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) Ĥ0 ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ 0 ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ0 + Ĥint ( 9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) 2. 2.1 Ĥ ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ + Ĥint (t)] ψ (r, t), (2) Ĥ int (t) = eˆxe cos ωt ˆdE cos ωt, (3)

More information

grad φ(p ) φ P grad φ(p ) p P p φ P p l t φ l t = 0 g (0) g (0) (31) grad φ(p ) p grad φ φ (P, φ(p )) xy (x, y) = (ξ(t), η(t)) ( )

grad φ(p ) φ P grad φ(p ) p P p φ P p l t φ l t = 0 g (0) g (0) (31) grad φ(p ) p grad φ φ (P, φ(p )) xy (x, y) = (ξ(t), η(t)) ( ) 2 9 2 5 2.2.3 grad φ(p ) φ P grad φ(p ) p P p φ P p l t φ l t = g () g () (3) grad φ(p ) p grad φ φ (P, φ(p )) y (, y) = (ξ(t), η(t)) ( ) ξ (t) (t) := η (t) grad f(ξ(t), η(t)) (t) g(t) := f(ξ(t), η(t))

More information

i

i 009 I 1 8 5 i 0 1 0.1..................................... 1 0.................................................. 1 0.3................................. 0.4........................................... 3

More information

液晶の物理1:連続体理論(弾性,粘性)

液晶の物理1:連続体理論(弾性,粘性) The Physics of Liquid Crystals P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost (Oxford University Press, 1993) Liquid crystals are beautiful and mysterious; I am fond of them for both reasons. My hope is that some readers

More information

B 1 B.1.......................... 1 B.1.1................. 1 B.1.2................. 2 B.2........................... 5 B.2.1.......................... 5 B.2.2.................. 6 B.2.3..................

More information

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2 II No.1 [n/] [1]H n x) H n x) = 1) r n! r!n r)! x)n r r= []H n x) n,, H n x) = 1) n H n x) [3] H n x) = 1) n dn x e dx n e x [4] H n+1 x) = xh n x) nh n 1 x) ) d dx x H n x) = H n+1 x) d dx H nx) = nh

More information

08-Note2-web

08-Note2-web r(t) t r(t) O v(t) = dr(t) dt a(t) = dv(t) dt = d2 r(t) dt 2 r(t), v(t), a(t) t dr(t) dt r(t) =(x(t),y(t),z(t)) = d 2 r(t) dt 2 = ( dx(t) dt ( d 2 x(t) dt 2, dy(t), dz(t) dt dt ), d2 y(t) dt 2, d2 z(t)

More information

SFGÇÃÉXÉyÉNÉgÉãå`.pdf

SFGÇÃÉXÉyÉNÉgÉãå`.pdf SFG 1 SFG SFG I SFG (ω) χ SFG (ω). SFG χ χ SFG (ω) = χ NR e iϕ +. ω ω + iγ SFG φ = ±π/, χ φ = ±π 3 χ SFG χ SFG = χ NR + χ (ω ω ) + Γ + χ NR χ (ω ω ) (ω ω ) + Γ cosϕ χ NR χ Γ (ω ω ) + Γ sinϕ. 3 (θ) 180

More information

Xray.dvi

Xray.dvi 1 X 1 X 1 1.1.............................. 1 1.2.................................. 3 1.3........................ 3 2 4 2.1.................................. 6 2.2 n ( )............. 6 3 7 3.1 ( ).....................

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 3.............................. 3.............................. 4.3 4................... 5.4........................ 6.5........................ 8.6...........................7

More information

Gauss Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = Q (1) xy σ (x, y, z) (2) a ρ(x, y, z) = x 2 + y 2 (r, θ, φ) (1) xy A Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = ɛ 0 EA Q = ρa ɛ 0 EA = ρea E = (ρ/ɛ 0 )e

Gauss Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = Q (1) xy σ (x, y, z) (2) a ρ(x, y, z) = x 2 + y 2 (r, θ, φ) (1) xy A Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = ɛ 0 EA Q = ρa ɛ 0 EA = ρea E = (ρ/ɛ 0 )e 7 -a 7 -a February 4, 2007 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1 Gauss Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = Q (1) xy σ (x, y, z) (2) a ρ(x, y, z) = x 2 + y 2 (r, θ, φ) (1) xy A Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = ɛ 0 EA Q = ρa ɛ 0 EA = ρea E = (ρ/ɛ 0 )e z

More information

eto-vol1.dvi

eto-vol1.dvi ( 1) 1 ( [1] ) [] ( ) (AC) [3] [4, 5, 6] 3 (i) AC (ii) (iii) 3 AC [3, 7] [4, 5, 6] 1.1 ( e; e>0) Ze r v [ 1(a)] v [ 1(a )] B = μ 0 4π Zer v r 3 = μ 0 4π 1 Ze l m r 3, μ 0 l = mr v ( l s ) s μ s = μ B s

More information

QMI_09.dvi

QMI_09.dvi 25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 σ τ 2 2 ux, t) = ux, t) 3.1) 2 x2 ux, t) σ τ 2 u/ 2 m p E E = p2 3.2) E ν ω E = hν = hω. 3.3) k p k = p h. 3.4) 26 3 hω = E = p2 = h2 k 2 ψkx ωt) ψ 3.5) h

More information

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a =

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a = II 6 ishimori@phys.titech.ac.jp 6.. 5.4.. f Rx = f Lx = fx fx + lim = lim x x + x x f c = f x + x < c < x x x + lim x x fx fx x x = lim x x f c = f x x < c < x cosmx cosxdx = {cosm x + cosm + x} dx = [

More information

QMI_10.dvi

QMI_10.dvi 25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 σ τ x u u x t ux, t) u 3.1 t x P ux, t) Q θ P Q Δx x + Δx Q P ux + Δx, t) Q θ P u+δu x u x σ τ P x) Q x+δx) P Q x 3.1: θ P θ Q P Q equation of motion P τ Q τ σδx

More information

128 3 II S 1, S 2 Φ 1, Φ 2 Φ 1 = { B( r) n( r)}ds S 1 Φ 2 = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.3) S 2 S S 1 +S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds = 0 (3.4) S 1, S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds

128 3 II S 1, S 2 Φ 1, Φ 2 Φ 1 = { B( r) n( r)}ds S 1 Φ 2 = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.3) S 2 S S 1 +S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds = 0 (3.4) S 1, S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds 127 3 II 3.1 3.1.1 Φ(t) ϕ em = dφ dt (3.1) B( r) Φ = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.2) S S n( r) Φ 128 3 II S 1, S 2 Φ 1, Φ 2 Φ 1 = { B( r) n( r)}ds S 1 Φ 2 = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.3) S 2 S S 1 +S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 1 19 3 19.1................... 3 19.............................. 4 19.3............................... 6 19.4.............................. 8 19.5.............................

More information

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x [ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),

More information

( ) s n (n = 0, 1,...) n n = δ nn n n = I n=0 ψ = n C n n (1) C n = n ψ α = e 1 2 α 2 n=0 α, β α n n! n (2) β α = e 1 2 α 2 1

( ) s n (n = 0, 1,...) n n = δ nn n n = I n=0 ψ = n C n n (1) C n = n ψ α = e 1 2 α 2 n=0 α, β α n n! n (2) β α = e 1 2 α 2 1 (3.5 3.8) 03032s 2006.7.0 n (n = 0,,...) n n = δ nn n n = I n=0 ψ = n C n n () C n = n ψ α = e 2 α 2 n=0 α, β α n n (2) β α = e 2 α 2 2 β 2 n=0 =0 = e 2 α 2 β n α 2 β 2 n=0 = e 2 α 2 2 β 2 +β α β n α!

More information

2. 2 P M A 2 F = mmg AP AP 2 AP (G > : ) AP/ AP A P P j M j F = n j=1 mm j G AP j AP j 2 AP j 3 P ψ(p) j ψ(p j ) j (P j j ) A F = n j=1 mgψ(p j ) j AP

2. 2 P M A 2 F = mmg AP AP 2 AP (G > : ) AP/ AP A P P j M j F = n j=1 mm j G AP j AP j 2 AP j 3 P ψ(p) j ψ(p j ) j (P j j ) A F = n j=1 mgψ(p j ) j AP 1. 1 213 1 6 1 3 1: ( ) 2: 3: SF 1 2 3 1: 3 2 A m 2. 2 P M A 2 F = mmg AP AP 2 AP (G > : ) AP/ AP A P P j M j F = n j=1 mm j G AP j AP j 2 AP j 3 P ψ(p) j ψ(p j ) j (P j j ) A F = n j=1 mgψ(p j ) j AP

More information

1. 4cm 16 cm 4cm 20cm 18 cm L λ(x)=ax [kg/m] A x 4cm A 4cm 12 cm h h Y 0 a G 0.38h a b x r(x) x y = 1 h 0.38h G b h X x r(x) 1 S(x) = πr(x) 2 a,b, h,π

1. 4cm 16 cm 4cm 20cm 18 cm L λ(x)=ax [kg/m] A x 4cm A 4cm 12 cm h h Y 0 a G 0.38h a b x r(x) x y = 1 h 0.38h G b h X x r(x) 1 S(x) = πr(x) 2 a,b, h,π . 4cm 6 cm 4cm cm 8 cm λ()=a [kg/m] A 4cm A 4cm cm h h Y a G.38h a b () y = h.38h G b h X () S() = π() a,b, h,π V = ρ M = ρv G = M h S() 3 d a,b, h 4 G = 5 h a b a b = 6 ω() s v m θ() m v () θ() ω() dθ()

More information

1 1. x 1 (1) x 2 + 2x + 5 dx d dx (x2 + 2x + 5) = 2(x + 1) x 1 x 2 + 2x + 5 = x + 1 x 2 + 2x x 2 + 2x + 5 y = x 2 + 2x + 5 dy = 2(x + 1)dx x + 1

1 1. x 1 (1) x 2 + 2x + 5 dx d dx (x2 + 2x + 5) = 2(x + 1) x 1 x 2 + 2x + 5 = x + 1 x 2 + 2x x 2 + 2x + 5 y = x 2 + 2x + 5 dy = 2(x + 1)dx x + 1 . ( + + 5 d ( + + 5 ( + + + 5 + + + 5 + + 5 y + + 5 dy ( + + dy + + 5 y log y + C log( + + 5 + C. ++5 (+ +4 y (+/ + + 5 (y + 4 4(y + dy + + 5 dy Arctany+C Arctan + y ( + +C. + + 5 ( + log( + + 5 Arctan

More information

PDF

PDF 1 1 1 1-1 1 1-9 1-3 1-1 13-17 -3 6-4 6 3 3-1 35 3-37 3-3 38 4 4-1 39 4- Fe C TEM 41 4-3 C TEM 44 4-4 Fe TEM 46 4-5 5 4-6 5 5 51 6 5 1 1-1 1991 1,1 multiwall nanotube 1993 singlewall nanotube ( 1,) sp 7.4eV

More information

1 1.1 ( ). z = a + bi, a, b R 0 a, b 0 a 2 + b 2 0 z = a + bi = ( ) a 2 + b 2 a a 2 + b + b 2 a 2 + b i 2 r = a 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = a a 2 + b 2, sin θ =

1 1.1 ( ). z = a + bi, a, b R 0 a, b 0 a 2 + b 2 0 z = a + bi = ( ) a 2 + b 2 a a 2 + b + b 2 a 2 + b i 2 r = a 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = a a 2 + b 2, sin θ = 1 1.1 ( ). z = + bi,, b R 0, b 0 2 + b 2 0 z = + bi = ( ) 2 + b 2 2 + b + b 2 2 + b i 2 r = 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = 2 + b 2, sin θ = b 2 + b 2 2π z = r(cos θ + i sin θ) 1.2 (, ). 1. < 2. > 3. ±,, 1.3 ( ). A

More information

2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n

2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n . X {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } X X {, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} X x i P i. 0 P i 2. n P i = 3. P (i ω) = i ω P i P 3 {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } ω P i = 6 X f(x) f(x) X n n f(x i )P i n x n i P i X n 2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n

More information

pdf

pdf http://www.ns.kogakuin.ac.jp/~ft13389/lecture/physics1a2b/ pdf I 1 1 1.1 ( ) 1. 30 m µm 2. 20 cm km 3. 10 m 2 cm 2 4. 5 cm 3 km 3 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 1.2 ( ) 1. 1 m + 10 cm 2. 1 hr + 6400 sec 3. 3.0 10 5 kg

More information

http://www.ike-dyn.ritsumei.ac.jp/ hyoo/wave.html 1 1, 5 3 1.1 1..................................... 3 1.2 5.1................................... 4 1.3.......................... 5 1.4 5.2, 5.3....................

More information

d (K + U) = v [ma F(r)] = (2.4.4) t = t r(t ) = r t 1 r(t 1 ) = r 1 U(r 1 ) U(r ) = t1 t du t1 = t F(r(t)) dr(t) r1 = F dr (2.4.5) r F 2 F ( F) r A r

d (K + U) = v [ma F(r)] = (2.4.4) t = t r(t ) = r t 1 r(t 1 ) = r 1 U(r 1 ) U(r ) = t1 t du t1 = t F(r(t)) dr(t) r1 = F dr (2.4.5) r F 2 F ( F) r A r 2.4 ( ) U(r) ( ) ( ) U F(r) = x, U y, U = U(r) (2.4.1) z 2 1 K = mv 2 /2 dk = d ( ) 1 2 mv2 = mv dv = v (ma) (2.4.2) ( ) U(r(t)) r(t) r(t) + dr(t) du du = U(r(t) + dr(t)) U(r(t)) = U x = U(r(t)) dr(t)

More information

N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e

N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 7 5 33 5 33 9 5 8 > e > f U f U u u > u ue u e u ue u ue u e u e u u e u u e u N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 > A A > A E A f A A f A [ ] f A A e > > A e[ ] > f A E A < < f ; >

More information

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k 63 3 Section 3.1 g 3.1 3.1: : 64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () 3 9.8 m/s 2 3.2 3.2: : a) b) 5 15 4 1 1. 1 3 14. 1 3 kg/m 3 2 3.3 1 3 5.8 1 3 kg/m 3 3 2.65 1 3 kg/m 3 4 6 m 3.1. 65 5

More information

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. 微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)

More information

A 99% MS-Free Presentation

A 99% MS-Free Presentation A 99% MS-Free Presentation 2 Galactic Dynamics (Binney & Tremaine 1987, 2008) Dynamics of Galaxies (Bertin 2000) Dynamical Evolution of Globular Clusters (Spitzer 1987) The Gravitational Million-Body Problem

More information

2 1 x 1.1: v mg x (t) = v(t) mv (t) = mg 0 x(0) = x 0 v(0) = v 0 x(t) = x 0 + v 0 t 1 2 gt2 v(t) = v 0 gt t x = x 0 + v2 0 2g v2 2g 1.1 (x, v) θ

2 1 x 1.1: v mg x (t) = v(t) mv (t) = mg 0 x(0) = x 0 v(0) = v 0 x(t) = x 0 + v 0 t 1 2 gt2 v(t) = v 0 gt t x = x 0 + v2 0 2g v2 2g 1.1 (x, v) θ 1 1 1.1 (Isaac Newton, 1642 1727) 1. : 2. ( ) F = ma 3. ; F a 2 t x(t) v(t) = x (t) v (t) = x (t) F 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 1 2 6 12 1 3 1 2 m 2 1 x 1.1: v mg x (t) = v(t) mv (t) = mg 0 x(0) = x 0 v(0) = v 0 x(t)

More information

main.dvi

main.dvi SGC - 48 208X Y Z Z 2006 1930 β Z 2006! 1 2 3 Z 1930 SGC -12, 2001 5 6 http://www.saiensu.co.jp/support.htm http://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/ haru/ xy.z :-P 3 4 2006 3 ii 1 1 1.1... 1 1.2 1930... 1 1.3 1930...

More information

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T NHK 204 2 0 203 2 24 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 25 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 26 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 27 ( ) 7 00 7 50 I. ( ν R n 2 ) m 2 n m, R = e 2 8πε 0 hca B =.09737 0 7 m ( ν = ) λ a B = 4πε 0ħ 2 m e e 2 = 5.2977

More information

* 1 2014 7 8 *1 iii 1. Newton 1 1.1 Newton........................... 1 1.2............................. 4 1.3................................. 5 2. 9 2.1......................... 9 2.2........................

More information

0 3 1 5 1.1.............................. 5 1. 3.................. 6 1.3.......................... 7 1.4.............................. 8 1.5.............................. 10 1.6.................................

More information

W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2)

W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2) 3 215 4 27 1 1 u u(x, t) u tt a 2 u xx, a > (1) D : {(x, t) : x, t } u (, t), u (, t), t (2) u(x, ) f(x), u(x, ) t 2, x (3) u(x, t) X(x)T (t) u (1) 1 T (t) a 2 T (t) X (x) X(x) α (2) T (t) αa 2 T (t) (4)

More information

II 2 II

II 2 II II 2 II 2005 yugami@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp 2005 4 1 1 2 5 2.1.................................... 5 2.2................................. 6 2.3............................. 6 2.4.................................

More information

II (10 4 ) 1. p (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) 0 f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a 2 x a 0 A = f x (

II (10 4 ) 1. p (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) 0 f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a 2 x a 0 A = f x ( II (1 4 ) 1. p.13 1 (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a x a A = f x (a, b) y x 3 3y 3 (x, y) (, ) f (x, y) = x + y (x, y) = (, )

More information

<4D F736F F D B B83578B6594BB2D834A836F815B82D082C88C602E646F63>

<4D F736F F D B B83578B6594BB2D834A836F815B82D082C88C602E646F63> スピントロニクスの基礎 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/077461 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 1 2 ii 3 5 4 AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistance effect) GMR (giant magnetoresistance

More information