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4 WWW Request Client Data Server Request Data Client
5 WWW Request Data Client Server Request Data Client
6 WWW CPU Request Data Client Server Request Data Client
7 Request Client Data Server Request Data Client
8 Single Point of Failure
9
10 Single Point of Failure DNS WEB Accelia Durasite Akamai Server Clients
11 :IRC (1/5) IRC(Internet Relay Chat): CHOCOA: LimeChat: RFC1459 Server 2 Server 1 Client 1 Hi! 1,2,3 Server 4 Hi! Client 2 Server 3 Hi! Client 3 Server 4 Client 4
12 : (2/5) IP URL CPU
13 : (3/5) IP (Anycast) anycast
14 :DNS (4/5) Cache Client Wwwld2.asahi.com Client Uunet3.asahi.com
15 : (5/5 Accelia Durasite Akamai CPU Cache Servers Server Clients
16 P2P
17 P2P Single Point of Failure
18 CPU Wikipedia:
19 HDD Wikipedia:
20
21 P2P Peer P2P
22 P2P Client Server Hybrid P2P Pure P2P WWW, DNS Napstar, Messenger Gnutella, Winny
23 P2P P2P Napster
24 MSN Messenger
25 P2P Napster Napster
26 P2P
27 P2P Single Point of Failure Hybrid P2P
28 P2P 2 P2P Single Point of Failure
29 P2P P2P P2P A B
30 IP
31 P2P IP URI Unstructured Flooding P2P Gnutella, Winny Structured Distributed Hash Table
32 Unstructured P2P Gnutella, Winny P2P
33 Unstructured P2P Time To Live TTL 1 0 Gnutella 7 TTL -1 TTL -1 TTL=0 Peer Peer Peer Source Peer IP TTL
34 Unstructured P2P Unstructured P2P Flooding TTL Structured P2P P2P Winny
35 Structured P2P Unstructured Distributed Hash Table DHT Chord, CAN, Pastry, Tapestry, Kademlia, etc.. DHT BitTorrent, Warez P2P, emule, etc..
36 Wikipedia, Hash Function, A B F(A) F(B
37 Wikipedia, Hash Table,
38 DHT Ion Stoica, Robert morris, David Liben-Nowell, David R. Karger, M. Frans Kaashoek, Frank Dabek, and Hari Balakrishnan, Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-Peer Lookup Protocol for Internet Aplications, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, Vol.11, No.1, p , Feb Sylvia Ratnasamy, Paul Francis, Mark Handley, Richard Karp, and Scott Shenker, A Scalable Content-Addressable Network, In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2001, August 2001 Antony Rowstron and Peter Druschel, Pastry: Scalable, decentraliszed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems, Lecture Note in Computer Science, Vol.2218, pp , Ben Y. Zhao, John Kubiatowicz, and Anthony D. Joseph, Tapestry: An Infrastructure for Fault-tolerant Wide-area Location and Routing, Technical Report UCB/CSD , Computer Science Division, U. C. Berkeley April 2001, 55 Petar Maymounkov and David Mazieres, Kademlia: A Peer-to-peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric, In Proceedings of IPTPS02, Cambridge, USA, March2002
39 P2P Kazaa, Skype DHT
40 Skype NAT P2P ( ) P2P Firewall/NAT NMS Network Management Server Skype(Skype )
41 Skype IP Skype 2 B IP 1 B IP A 3 B
42 P P Winny
43 Winny (P2P ) Winny Unstructured P2P 2002 Winny 2005
44 Winny P2P Winny P2P IP
45 Winny Winny 2 5
46 Winny (FTTH ) (ADSL ) (ISDN )
47 Winny (FTTH ) (ADSL ) (ISDN )
48 1 (FTTH ) (ADSL ) (ISDN )
49 Winny IP Winny IP Winny IP
50 Winny Winny Peer Peer B A C B B A B
51 Winny P2P Peer Peer B C A B C
52 Winny Peer Peer ( ) C A B
53 Winny B A C 1. B File ( ) 2. A File ( ) 3. C, A File B 4. C B, File 5. A C, File A B File
54 Winny B A Cache C File File A B MD5,
55 Winny Unstructured P2P
56 Winny
57
58 IP Source 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps IP
59 Source
60 Source 10Mbps 20Mbps 10Mbps 20Mbps 30Mbps
61 RTT Round Trip Time
62 Narada DVMRP
63 Layered Coding Network Coding Source Relay Relay
64 P2P
65 P2P P2P P2P /
66 P2P itunes Music Store 99 Skype Skype
67 P2P
68 P2P Grid Power Grid CPU HDD CPU
69 OceanStore (1 PB) P2P P2P
70 SETI Search for Extra- Terrestrial Intelligence: CPU 39 ( )
71 All IP Computing (CPU, Memory, DISK, Display, Keyboard, Mouse ) IP Display IP
72 All IP Computing iscsi( USB/IP Project ( AnywhereUSB ( ( ) IP/UDP/TCP/AnyL4 IP (ryuji@sfc.wide.ad.jp)
73 7000 QoS P2P 11:59PM SOI /WEB
1 DHT Fig. 1 Example of DHT 2 Successor Fig. 2 Example of Successor 2.1 Distributed Hash Table key key value O(1) DHT DHT 1 DHT 1 ID key ID IP value D
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WinnyP2P Winny P2P P2P: Peer to Peer Peer: Client/server Nodeserver client Servant P2P P2P Pure P2P model A B IP P2P(pros) Client/Server P2P Client/Server P2P Google P2P(cons) P2P : P2P WWW( ) WWW Peer
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