不在地主による遠隔地山林開発と森林鉄道

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15 The Development of a Remote Mountain Forest in the Absence of Landowners and a Forest Railway An In-depth Look at an Exclusive Track Owned by Kyoei Real Estate in Hiranai Town, Higashitsugaru County, Aomori Prefecture Isao Ogawa The decision to write this paper lies in the discovery of an obscure timber tramway once operated by a company called Kyoei Real Estate, deep in the mountains in the Tohoku region. Research on the relevant literature, along with a field study conducted in Hiranai, revealed that in the neighboring town of Noheji, a large landowner named Yamaichi, who had lost the famous rights of common lawsuit known as the Grape Skin Incident, owned a mountain forest that was subsequently acquired by Tawaramatsu, a major forestry company in Osaka, in February The company built a twenty-kilometer transportation railway running between a logging site and Kominato Station on the Tohoku Main Line, later to be owned by another company and then by Kyoei Real Estate. According to an old story, the railway was efficiently used to produce and transport fuelwood during the Second World War by Wadakan, a soy sauce maker in Aomori. Nonetheless, traces of the old railway hardly remain today, and it has been forgotten by most local people. Viewing this series of resales of the mountain forest from the perspective of local people reveals a picture of adversity, with absentee owners, including forestry companies located far from their settlement, taking possession of the precious common forest and wantonly stripping the mountain land for commercial purposes without proper reforestation, thereby causing landslides. The management body of the railway, Kyoei Real Estate, was founded by a group of OSK LINE-related investors in Kobe in April 1919 at the peak of the Taisho bubble economy as a high-risk investment to develop a remote mountain forest. But it was an enigmatic private real estate investment trust company specializing in mountain forests that did not announce where it invested or go public; and since it had never intended to release details on its unprofitable management of a remote forest, information about the railway is scarce. In fact, its existence was confirmed only by an advertisement in the fuelwood almanac, aimed at businesses within the industry, in the early Showa period. It is assumed that the group of investors obtained control over Kitahama Bank in Osaka, which had served as a kikan-ginko for stockbrokers, after the bank went bankrupt, and real estate business as acceptor was covertly established during the process of disposing of the accumulated non-performing loans. 204 THE HIKONE RONSO Spring / Feb / No.415

16 The Development of a Remote Mountain Forest in the Absence of Landowners and a Forest Railway Isao Ogawa 205

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