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1 * * Density Effect on lndividual Tree Size An optimal density observed in experimental stands of Abies sachalinesis MAST Kenji SEIWA and Yasunori KUBOTA ,33340,000 /ha * Hokkaido Forest Experiment StationBibaiHokkaido Bulletin of the Hokkaido Forest Experiment StationNo. 20 December1982
2 1 (1965 ) Table 1. Design of experimental plot in No. 1 ha distance among area occupancy number per ha number per plot plot area investigated tree number per plot investigated plot area Plot No. trees per tree (m) () () () , , , , , , At investigationwe excepted the individuals of plot edge from those of plot ha Fig Arrangement of experimental plots
3 2 (1980 ) Table 2. Outline of experimental plots in 1980 height stand density block (number/ha) D.B.H mean clear H Hmax () () length BO () mean crown length LO () D (cm) Dmax (cm) stem volume basal area 1 31, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (/ha) Table 3 3 Transition of stand density and survival ratio block (/ha) stand density surval (number/ha) ratio(%) plot ,000 35,690 31, ,000 15,625 15, ,000 8,571 8, ,000 4,792 4, ,000 3,650 3, ,333 3,041 2, ,000 36,379 31, ,000 16,000 12, ,000 8,482 6, ,000 3,472 3, ,000 3,150 2, ,333 2,416 2, ,000 33,276 17, ,000 18,000 12, ,000 8,750 8, ,000 4,583 4, ,000 3,550 3, ,333 2,875 2,
4 II ,333 /ha 2,708 /ha 2,8754,524 /ha 6,96431,379 /ha Fig.3. Relations between survival ratio and stand density()( ) 1 30,000 /ha 30,000 /ha Fig 4 SHINOZAKIKIRA,1956 1/ H ( BO) ( LO) Relations between actual stand density()and mean height( H) A, mean clear length( B)and mean crown length( Lo)
5 5 D Fig 5 Relations between actual stand density ()and mean stem volume ( )and mean D.B.H..( D) 6 Fig 6 Relations between actual stand density ()and stem volume and basal area ,000 /ha /ha 12,00018,000 /ha /ha 30,000 /ha 83,99 /ha 30,000 /ha 1 o og 10 No cm m 710
6 tree numbers and solid curves are relative frequencies of the expected value from equation 13Explanation of figure as in figure 6 ***. ns ha Fig 7 Frequency distribution of each 13 Fig 8 Frequency distribution of each diameter class Histograms indicate relative frequencies of odserved diameter class. Histograms indicate relative frequencies of observed treenumbers and solid curves are relative frequencies of expectedvalue from equation ***stand for significant difference at the andlevel between 81030,000 /ha observed and expected valueswhile ns stands for nonsignificant difference at the 5 level. Numbers under histograms indicate actual stand densitynumberha 917,000 /ha
7 10 Fig.10 Relations between actual stand 14 density and skewness of frequency distributions of volume DBHand height Fig.9 friquency distribution of each height class Histograms indicate relative frequencies of observed tree numbers and solid curves are relative frequenciea of the exqected value from equation (14). Explanation figure as in figure J
8 3 KIKUZAWA1981 HOZUMI1971 a C I (2) max 3 (4) =AB /(I ) (5) max HOZUMI 1971 i i+1 i i+1 i i+1 i+1 i 1 i, /(1 ) 1 i+1 /1 (6) a 2 b 7 1/ 1/ h 1* 8 * abh / h 1 1/H* aba + 2 h + QD h b 1 / ( hb+ 2b 1) 2QD (H)abCP 2/ a 2/ 1 1QH 2/ ) b (2A1)(1 QH (11 hb / H QH H* D i, i+1 i, i+1 10
9 N(D i,d i+1 ) Di+ 1 i (D)D a 1 D i +2 B A/(1-A) a(a1) D +2 i+1 B A/(1-A) 13 H i Hi+1 N(H i,h i+1 )11 Q0 N(H i,h i+1 ) Hi + 1 H (H)H +2 a 1P2/H i / B A/(1-A) a(a1)p 2/ + 2 / H i+ 1 B A/(1-A) 14 b HOZUMI A (D)D, (H)H Fig 11 Shapes of the D D curve and 12 H H curve as related to the change in the value of A A Fig.12 Relation between value of parameter A and actual stand density() Block Block Block
10 4 Table.4 Parameters of distribution function in each stand densities A C a b (ha 1) ( 3 ) /ha ( , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , KIRASHIDEI
11 ,8754,524 ha 6,96431,379 /ha 2,3332,708 ha 12,000 /ha 30,000 ha 6 5
12 HOZUMIK1971 Studies on the frequency distribution of the weight of individual trees in a forest stand A betatype distributionjapjecol KIKUZAWA, K1981 Yielddensity diagram for todfir plantations A new YN curve based on the Betatype distribution JJapForSoc KIRAT and SIDEIT1967 Primary production and turnover of organic matter in different forest ecosystems of the Western PasificJapJEcol pp pp SHINOZAKIKand KIRAT1956 Intraspecific competition among heigher plants Logistic theory of the CD effectjinstpolytech.osaka City Univ. SerD
13 Summary Experimental stands in order to test the effect of different stand densities on the growth of Abirs sachalinensis MASTwere established at the experimental forest of Hokkaido Forest Experiment StationBibaitable fig12in 1965The stands were investigated in 1980 The survival ratio was lower in the stands of high densities than those of low densities fig The mean values of heightcrown lengthdiameter of burst heightand volume were maximum at the stands of middle densities2,875 4,444 trees haand each mean value decreased gradually toward both high densities 6,694 31,379 treeshaand low densities 2,333 2,708 treeshafigs As the stand density increasedbasal area and stem volume per hectare increased and reached the constant value in the stand densities higher than 2,000 treeshabut stem volume per hectare indicated less value than a constant value at two stands in the densities higher than 30,000 treesha fig Skewness of frequency distribution of volumediameter of burst height and height indicated minimum values at the stands of middle densities and the values increased gradually toward low and high densities figs 10The ratio of large individuals in a plot was higher in the stands of middle densities than those of low and high densitiesfrom the results mentioned aboveit is concluded that an optimal density for the growth of A sachalinensis existed in the stands of middle density There are three reasons why the optimal density appeared in the stands of middle densities Growth impediment by interspecific competition in the stands of low densities Clear increment of stand productivity by crown closure in the stands of middle densities. Growth suppression by intraspecific competition in the stands of high densities Utilizing the beta type distribution densityfunction of individual tree weight equation2and the equations 7 9of the allometriesthe distribution density functions of diameter and heightequation1011were derivedand frequency distributions of observed stands were well described by these functionsfigs79relation between valueof parameter A and stand density also indicated the optimal density figs1112
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