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1 : : Beruf : calling calling 1920 calling

2 Dik & Duffy vocational psychology Elangovan et al calling vocation calling Beruf calling 16 calling 20

3 : calling Beruf calling Elangovan et al Hall & Chandler, 2005work as religionwork as meaningsteger et al., 2010 the greater good Steger et al intrinsic religiousnesspresence of meaning 1.3. Hall & Chandler Dik & Duffy

4 pro - social intention 3 3 Elangovan et al Berg et al., 2010 Dik & Duffy organizational behaviorelangovan et al job satisfactionescalation of commitment organizational citizenship behaviororganizational commitment employee turnover

5 : ; 2009 Wrzeniewski et al Job, Career Calling 3 Dobrow & Tosti - Kharas 2011 intrinsic motivationflow work engagement1 12 Dik et al Calling and Vocation Questionnaire CVQ1.3. Dik & Duffy Hage, 1972 PresenceSearch transcendent summons : purposeful work : prosocial orientation : 3 23=6 Presence Wrzesniewski Job Career Calling Calling Career Job

6 DJ 100% Berg et al., % 23.3% % 19.1% 14.7% 13.5% DJ DJ Dik et al CVQ α α

7 : α α α SD p<0.001 p<

8 % 0.1% = β β β β β β β β β p<0.001 p<0.01 p<0.05 p<0.1 3 adjr β R 2 p<0.1 26

9 : β R β R β 1 2 β 1 2 β CVQ

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11 : ; Weick, 1995 sensemaking DIO

12 83 4 DIO DIO 2 3 DIO self - actualization 2002, Maslow

13 : 2001 Wrzesniewski 1997 Job Career Calling Calling Elangovan et al CVQ CVQ planned happenstancekrumboltz & Levin, 2004 ; Kramboltz,

14 , Berg, J.M., Grant, A.M., & Johnson, V When callings are calling : Crafting work and leisure in pursuit of unanswered occupational callings. Organization Science, 21, Dik, B.J., & Duffy, R.D Calling and vocation at work : Definitions and prospects for research and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, Dik, B.J., Eldridge, B.M., Steger, M.F., & Duffy, R.D Development and validation of the Calling and Vocation 32

15 : Questionnaire CVQand Brief Calling Scale BCS. Journal of Career Assessment, 20, Dobrow, S.R., & Tosti - Kharas, J Calling : The development of a scale measure. Personnel Psychology, 64, Elangovan, A.R., Pinder, C.C., & McLean, M Callings and organizational behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, Hage, J Techiniques and Problems of Theory Construction in Sociology. 1 st ed., New York, NY : Wiley Hall, D.T., & Chandler, D.E Psychological success : When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, : 2002PHP 2001A NTT Krumboltz, J.D The happenstance learning theory. Journal of Career Assessment, 172, Krumboltz, J.D., & Levin, A.S Luck is no accident : Making the most of happenstance in your life and career. Atascadero, CA : Impact Maslow, A.H Motivation and Personality. 2 nd ed., New York, NY : Harper & Row. : : Steger, M.F., Pickering, N., Shin, J.Y., & Dik, B.J Calling in work : Secular or sacred? Journal of Career Assessment, 18, : 2011 : Weick, K.E Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C.R., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B Jobs, careers, and callings : People s relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31,

50 Planned Happenstance Parsons Brown Brooks, Gelatt Gelatt 1962 Gelatt, positive uncertainty nonrational Gelatt, 1

50 Planned Happenstance Parsons Brown Brooks, Gelatt Gelatt 1962 Gelatt, positive uncertainty nonrational Gelatt, 1 14 49642017 6 49 Planned Happenstance 1 Measuring Career Skills for Utilized Circumstances referred to the Planned Happenstance Theory Masanori URAKAMI, Mutsumi TAKATSUNA, Hideharu SUGIMOTO, Yumiko YAZAKI