放水の物理的火災抑制効果に着目した地域住民の消火活動モデル

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まいかとどろき
5 years ago
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1 A Model for Fire Fighting Activities of Community Residents Considering Physical Impacts of Fire Suppression of Water Application Keisuke HIMOTO*, Kenji IKUYO**, Yasuo AKIMOTO***, Akihiko HOKUGO****, Takeyoshi TANAKA***** *Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ** Housing Administration, Osaka City Government, Osaka, Japan *** Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan **** Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan ***** Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Abstract A physics-based urban fire spread model formerly developed by the authors was refined by considering fire fighting activities of community residents. The model is based upon the zone concept in which properties of gas inside compartment, component of buildings in urban area, is assumed as uniform. Mitigation of fire hazard due to water application is evaluated by incorporating following consequences of water evaporation into the conservation equations of compartment gas : (A) cooling of compartment gas ; (B) dilution of compartment gas ; (C) cooling and wetting of fuel surface. Initiation time of water application, which is a predominant factor of success and failure of fire suppression, is evaluated as a sum of detection time of fire, assembling time of residents, and preparation time for equipment use. The proposed model was applied to simulate fire spread behaviors in a hypothetical urban area where 121 buildings of identical configuration were aligned in a regular pattern. Case studies were carried out in order to investigate effects of anticipated critical parameters such as fire detection time, and number of water supply port.

2 Fig. 1 Energy conservation relation in a water discharged fire compartment. Fig. 1

3 Fig. 2

4 Fig. 2 Time rate change of burning area of combustibles in relationship to water application. Fig. 3 Fig. 3 Restriction of target buildings of fire fighting activity due to circumference conditions.

5 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig.4 Initiation and duration of fire fighting activities.

6 Fig. 5 Configuration of the compartment and water application condition. Fig. 5 Fig. 5 Figs. 6, 7, 8 Fig. 6 Fig. 7

7 Fig. 6 Predicted compartment fire behaviors in case (A). Fig. 8 Fig. 7 Fig. 7 Predicted compartment fire behaviors in case (B). Fig. 8 Predicted compartment fire behaviors in case (C). Fig. 9 Table 1 Table 2 Table 1 Parameters used in the calculation

8 ６０ Table 2 Calculation conditions for urban fire Fig. 9 Alignment of buildings in the hypothetical urban area and locations of water supply ports. 消防水利 W1 W2 W3 W4 の位置は Fig. 9 に示す通りでありいずれも出火建物から等距離にあるものとしたまた比較のため消火活動が行われない場合条件 X についても計算を行った５２計算結果および考察条件 X A5 C5 について火災が拡大していく様子を出火後４０分が経過した時点から４０分ごとに描いたものを Fig. 10 に示すただし燃焼中の建 Fig. 10 Fire spread behaviors in the hypothetical urban area. １６

9 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 11 Time transition of burnt or burning buildings. Fig. 12 Relationship between detection time and number of burnt or burning buildings.

平常時火災における消火栓の放水能力に関する研究

平常時火災における消火栓の放水能力に関する研究 Discharge Ability of Hydrant to Ordinary Fire Yoshiro Namba *1,Kenjiro Yasuno *2,Yoshiteru Murosaki *3,Akihiko Hokugo *4, Masahiro Fujiwara *5, Akihiro Kasuya *6,Hideo Matsuoka* 7 * 1 Department of Architecture,