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1 A questionnaire survey on the use of placebo in clinical practice by nurses in Japan , GCP 1 School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University 2Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University

2 informed consent I.C. I.C. meta analysis study 7, American Society for Pain Management Nursing The American Pain Society American Medical Association 23 I.C , 27 25, , 28 placebo sham operation touch 31 p

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10 C Brody H Beauchamp TL, Childress JF Brown WA. The Placebo Effect. Sci Am Bok S. Ethical issues in use of placebo in medical practice and clinical trials. In: Guess HA, Kleinman A,KusekJW,etal.eds.TheScienceofPlacebo. Toward an Interdisciplinary Reasearch Agenda. UK BMJ Books; Daugherty CK, Ratain MJ, Emanuel EJ, et al. Ethical, scientific, and regulatory perspectives regarding the use of placebos in cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol Dunlop BW, Banja J. A renewed, ethical defense of placebo-controlled trials of new treatments for major depression and anxiety disorders. J Med Ethics Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC. Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment. New Engl J Med Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC. Is the placebo powerless? Update of a systematic review with 52 new randomized randomized trials comparing placebo with no treatment. J Intern Med Berger JT. Placebo medication use in patient care: a survey of medical interns. West J Med Ernst E, Abbot NC. Placebos in clinical practice - results of a survey of nurses. Perfusion, Hróbjartsson A, Norup M. The use of placebo interventions in medical practice - a national questionnaire survey of Danish clinicians. Eval Health Prof Nitzan U, Lichtenberg P. Questionnaire survey on useofplacebo.brmedj Tilburt JC, Emanuel EJ, Kaptchuk TJ, et al. Prescribing placebo treatments : Results of national survey of US internists and rheumatologists. Br Med J , a Sherman R, Hickner J. Academic physicians use placebos in clinical practice and believe in the mind-body connection. J Gen Intern Med Shaw DM. Prescribing placebos ethically: the appeal of negatively informed consent. J Med Ethics Fässler M, Gnädinger M, Rosemann T, et al. Use of placebo interventions among Swiss primary care providers. BMC Health Serv Res Todd B. The placebo effect Real or Imaginary? Geriatric Nursing Kwekkeboom KL. The placebo effect in symptom management. Oncol Nurs Forum Chan CW, Thompson DR. The use of placebo in clinical nursing research. J Clin Nurs Ambrose EG. Placebos; the nurse and iron pills. J Med Ethics Coggins CC, Arnstein P, Leahy S. ASPMN Position Statement on the Use of Placebos in Pain Management. [Internet] Available from: 20of 20Placebos.pdf 22. SullivanM,TermanGW,PeckBetal.Position Statement on the Use of Placebos in Pain Management. J Pain [Internet] Available from: advocacy/pdf/placebo.pdf 23. Bostick NA, Sade R, Levine MA, Stewart DM Jr. American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs: Placebo use in clinical practice: report of the American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. J Clin Ethics placebo

11 Chaput de Saintonge DM, Herxheimer A. Harnessing placebo effects in health care. Lancet Placebo In: Well-known placebo & placebo response Kuhse H

26 1 : Self - reported Practices of Cancer Pain Management among Nurses in Tohoku University Hospital Hideyuki Hira

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