高齢期における幸福感規定要因の男女差について―JGSS-2000/2001統合データに基づく検討―

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1 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 JGSS-2000/2001 Difference between Men's Happiness and Women's Happiness in Later Life An Analysis Based on JGSS Integrated Data 2000/2001 Kuniaki SHISHIDO JGSS Post-doctoral Fellow, Institute of Regional Studies Osaka University of Commerce Recently, lifestyles of young-old (age 60 to 74) become diverse. There is a difference between elderly men and women in their feeling of happiness. This study shows determinants of the above differences based on JGSS integrated data 2000/2001. Following a hypothesis that if their social roles were maintained or newly created, the elderly would lead successful aging, this study conducts analyses concerning four different social activities: their working conditions, family relationship, participation in community activities and leisure activities. Results are as follows: 1) Elderly men s feeling of happiness is enhanced if they are living with their wife or married children, but not with unmarried children. 2) On the other hand, elderly women s feeling of happiness is enhanced if they regularly participate in community activities and spend their leisure time with their friends. 3) Working in their old age does not affect elderly men s happiness, while the same condition affects negatively to women s. These dissimilarities are caused by their way of life and social network which have been acquired during the period of their adulthood and middle age. Key WordsJGSS, Senior citizen, happiness 45

2 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No

3 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No

4 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 年齢 コントロール変数健康状態 生活水準 職場領域就労有無 配偶者の就労有無 既婚同居子の有無家庭領域幸福感 未婚同居子の有無 同居する親の有無 セミ フォーマル集団集団参加 (7つの集団へのへの参加 参加から作成 ) テレビ視聴時間 プライベートな 余暇領域 1 泊以上の旅行頻度 友人との会食頻度 [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] 48

5 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] 3. 1 男性女性男性女性 n % n % n % n % 年齢階級市郡規模 歳 大市 歳 その他の市 歳 町村 計 計 就労の有無最終学歴就労 大学卒 非就労 高校卒 計 中学卒 NA 配偶者の有無計 有配偶 無配偶 計

6 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No 幸福 3.9 感 年齢 男性女性男性女性 平均値 n F 平均値 n F 平均値 n F 平均値 n F 年齢 1.77 ns 3.78 * 未婚同居子の有無 ** *** 歳 いる 歳 いない 歳 同居親の有無 0.30 ns 0.15 ns 健康状態 *** *** いる 悪い いない 集団参加 5.43 * *** 参加 非参加 良い テレビ視聴時間 / 日 0.84 ns 3.15 ** 生活水準 *** *** 1 時間以下 平均よりかなり少ない 時間 平均より少ない 時間 ほぼ平均 時間 平均より多い 時間 本人の就労 ns 6 時間以上 就労 旅行頻度 / 年 9.74 *** *** 非就労 ( 全くなし ) 配偶者の就労 *** 5.23 ** 1( 年に1 回程度 ) 就労 ( 年に数回以上 ) 非就労 友人との会食頻度 / 週 *** 無配偶 ( 全くなし ) 既婚同居子の有無 *** 6.74 ** 0.02( 年に1 回程度 ) いる ( 年に数回 ) いない ( 月に1 回程度 ) *** p <.001, ** p <.01, * p <.05, + p <.10 1( 週に1 回以上 )

7 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 女性男性年齢 本人の就労未婚同居子の有無テレビ視聴時間 歳 歳 歳 就労 非就労 いる いない 1 以下 以上 健康状態配偶者の就労同居する親の有無 1 泊以上の旅行頻度 1 悪い 良い 就労 非就労 無配偶 いる いない 全くなし 年に1 回程度 年に数回以上 生活水準既婚同居子の有無集団参加友人との会食頻度 かなり少ない少ないほぼ平均多いいるいない参加非参加全くなし年に1 回程度年に数回月に1 回程度週に1 回以上 3 / 51

8 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No Model1 Model2 男性女性男性女性変数 ( 参照カテゴリー ) カテゴリー b p b p b p b p 年齢共変量 ** ** 健康状態共変量 *** *** *** *** 生活水準共変量 *** *** *** *** 本人の就労 ( 非就労 ) 就労 ** 配偶者の就労 ( 無配偶 ) 就労 *** *** 非就労 *** 本人就労 配偶者就労就労 就労 *** ( 非就労 無配偶 ) 就労 非就労 *** 就労 無配偶 非就労 就労 *** *** 非就労 非就労 *** 既婚同居子ダミー ( いない ) いる * * 未婚同居子ダミー ( いない ) いる ** ** 同居親ダミー ( いない ) いる 集団参加 ( 非参加 ) 参加 テレビ時間 / 日 (6 時間以上 ) 2 時間以下 時間 * * 旅行頻度 / 年共変量 ** ** 友人との会食頻度 / 週共変量 切片 F *** *** *** *** adjusted R n *** p <.001, ** p <.01, * p <.05, + p <.10 [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] 52

9 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 [ 7] 4 / Model3 Model4 Model5 変数 ( 参照カテゴリー ) カテゴリー b p b p b p 集団参加 ( 非参加 ) 参加 テレビ時間 / 日 (6 時間以上 ) 2 時間以下 時間 旅行頻度 / 年共変量 友人との会食頻度 / 週共変量 活動性 社交性因子共変量 Model3 Model4 Model5 変数 ( 参照カテゴリー ) カテゴリー b p b p b p 集団参加 ( 非参加 ) 参加 テレビ時間 / 日 (6 時間以上 ) 2 時間以下 時間 * 旅行頻度 / 年共変量 *** 友人との会食頻度 / 週共変量 活動性 社交性因子共変量 *** *** p <.001, ** p <.01, * p <.05, + p <.10 女性幸 福 感 男性 低中高 活動性 社交性

10 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 [Acknowledgement] 54

11 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 [] [] 55

12 日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 56

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