CVM CVM 1 1 Revealed Preference Stated Preference CVM CVM CVM CVM NOAA 3 CVM 4 5 CVM 2.2 CVM CVM CVM2 CVM 2 Vol.3 No Spring 003

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1 Vol.3 No Spring 002 intuitive CVM CVM 1 CVM CVM CVM NISHIDA, Masaru

2 CVM CVM 1 1 Revealed Preference Stated Preference CVM CVM CVM CVM NOAA 3 CVM 4 5 CVM 2.2 CVM CVM CVM2 CVM 2 Vol.3 No Spring 003

3 3CVM Case1 EV Case2 3.2 NOAA CVM Case1Case Case1 WTA CV Vol.3 No Spring

4 Vol.3 No Spring Case ,000 2,000 5,000 10, ,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 20, Case1

5 Case Case Case Case2 Case1 Case P yes X exp[ X/ P yes X [ exp 1 2 X -1 [ [ P yes (X )X X 1 2 closedend ,918 1,171 2,550 4,025 9,018 2,280 3,544 5, (4.22) (2.36) (3.69) (2.99) ) 4.98) 5.27) 3.61) ,586 1,257 3,032 4,701 7,924 1,811 3,381 5,153 t Vol.3 No Spring

6 Vol.3 No Spring Case ,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Case ,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Case ,892 2, ,202 4, ,836 3, , (4.00) ) ,969 2, (0.38) ) , (1.74) ) ,012 3, (1.03) ) , ,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Case ,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Case2

7 0Case Case Case1 Case2 A,B,C,D A ABC DE Case1 A A,B 4.6 Case1 Case2 Case1 8,7001,200 1,040 4,4003,200 1,400 2,440 Case2 2,5001, ,8003,200 1,200 1,540 Case11.5km Case2 008 Vol.3 No Spring

8 Vol.3 No Spring warm glow Case Case1 Case2 5 Case2 3 5 CVM 2 4 CVM 2 NOAA 70 CVM CVM CVM CVM CVM

9 CVM CVM 1[1998]No.21(2) 2Mitchell, R. C. and R. T. Cameron [1989],Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method, Washington D.C., Resources for the Future. 3Arrow, K., et. al. [1993], Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation, Federal Register 58. 4Carson, R. T., W. M. Hanemann, R. J. Kopp, J. A. Krosnick, R. C. Mitchell, S. Presser, P. A. Ruud and V. K. Smith, Was the NOAA Panel Correct about Contingent Valuation?, Discussion Paper 96-20, Resource for the Future, Washington DC, May [1998] Vol.83, [1999]CVM Vol.45,No Appraising non-market values in Transport Infrastructure Development By Masaru NISHIDA, Newjec Inc. Application of cost benefit analysis has been increasingly commonplace in appraisal of public works projects. However, evaluation of non-market values is in part left behind due to the difficulties in its measurement. Contingent valuation method is expected to play a role in non-market value assessment despite its inherent problems. This paper introduces a study on an impact of elevated motorways on landscape as an example of CVM application. The result of the surveys is analysed to discuss the applicability of the method to subjects with different levels/types of utility change brought to respondents. Key Words ; contingent valuation method (CVM), non-market value, project appraisal 010 Vol.3 No Spring

10 Vol.3 No Spring 011

11 012 Vol.3 No Spring

12 Prob(No, No)=1P(X i1 ) XP(X) i X i1 N L= ln [ i 1 PX i 2 i 2 PX i 1 PX i 2 N i 1, i 2, i 3 X i 2 Prob(Yes, Yes)=P(X i2 ) P(X) Prob(Yes, No)=Prob(No,Yes )=P(X i1 )P(X i2 ) i=1 i 31PX i 1 [ Vol.3 No Spring 013

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