Preliminary Version Manning et al. (1986) Rand Health Insurance Experiment Manning et al. (1986) 3 Medicare Me

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1 Preliminary Version. 600 *

2 Preliminary Version Manning et al. (1986) Rand Health Insurance Experiment Manning et al. (1986) 3 Medicare Medicare Medicare Medigap plan Medigap plan Hurd and McGarry (1997)

3 Preliminary Version. Yoshida and Takagi (2002) 1 2 (professional norms)

4 Preliminary Version. Evans (1974) Fuchs (1978 McGuire and Pauly (1991) Evans (1974) Fuchs ( Gruber and Owings (1996) Yip (1998) 70 McGuire and Pauly (1991) Farley (1986) Jaegher and Jegers (2000) 4 McGuire (2000) -4-

5 Preliminary Version. McGuire and Pauly (1991) Farley (1986) Farley (1986)

6 Preliminary Version Yoshida and Takagi (2002) Two-part model Two-part model Sample Selection Models 5 5 Sample Selection Models Two-part models Jones -6-

7 Preliminary Version. 1 Sample Selection Models Two-part model 1 0 Z y hy ( z= 1) y f( y) I( y= 0) [ ] { [ ] } { [ Z ] [ Z ] } h y z f( y) = Pr Z = 0 Pr Z = 1 h( y z = 1) I( y 0) I( y= 0) I( y 0) I( y 0) = Pr = 0 Pr = 1 ( = 1) 2 2 y random-effects panel probit median regression Median regression 1 median 1 quantile regression Quantile regression median regression Quantile regression Buchinsky (1998) 3 (2000) Mullahy (1998) -7-

8 Preliminary Version

9 Preliminary Version

10 Preliminary Version. 72% 25% 22% 2% 4% 0.1% 1 7 (0, 0.05) (0.05, 0.10) (0, 0.05) 70 (0.05, 0.10) 1 (0, 0.05) (0.05, 0.10) STATA 50 bandwidth plug-in STATA bandwidth -10-

11 Preliminary Version. 3 two-part Probit median regression 1 median median 2 Probit 2 Probit heterogeneity heterogeneity Probit Newhouse et all. (1993) Long, Marquis and Rodgers (1998) RAND -11-

12 Preliminary Version. median regression median median 3 median

13 Preliminary Version

14 Preliminary Version quantile regression 50% (median) 25% 75% 6 OLS %

15 Preliminary Version % 75% % 50% 1 75% 1 25% 50% 75% -15-

16 Preliminary Version Farley (1986) professional norms -16-

17 Preliminary Version Buchinsky, M. (1998): Recent Advances in Quantile Regression Models: A Practical Guideline for Empirical Research, Journal of Human Resources, vol. 33, pp Deb, P. and P. K. Trivedi (1997): Demand for Medical Care by the Elderly: A Finite Mixture Approach, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12, pp Hurd, M. D. and K. McGarry (1997): Medical Insurance and the Use of Health Care Services By the Elderly, Journal of Health Economics, 16, pp Jones, A. M. (2000): Health Econometrics, Handbook of Health Economics, vol. 1A, eds. Culyer, A. J. and J. P. Newhouse, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Long, S. H., Marquis, M. S. and J. Rodgers (1998): Do People Shift Their Use of Health Services Over Time To Take Advantage Of Insurance?, Journal of Health Economics, 17, pp Mullahy, J. (1998): Much ado about two: reconsidering retransformation and the two-part model in health econometrics, Journal of Health Economics, 17, pp McGuire, T. G. and M. V. Pauly (1991): Physician Response to Fee Changes with Multiple Payers, Journal of Health Economics, 10, pp Newhouse, J. P. et al. (1993): Free for All? Lessons from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA. -17-

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フィナンシャルレビュー 第80号

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