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1 An Analysis of Locality of Reference in Virtualized Environment Hiroki SUGIMOTO 1, Kousuke TAKEUCHI 2, Kouya HINAGAWA 2 and Saneyasu YAMAGUCHI 1 3 Abstract As cloud computing has spread widely, virtualized environment is increasing its importance. In virtualized environment, two operating systems, which are a guest operating system and a host operating system, run concurrently. Both of them have caching function, thus two caches work simultaneously. In most cases, LRU cache replacement algorithm is applied to a guest operating system cache. Applying LRU in the upper cache, which is the guest operating system cache, leads negative temporal locality of reference in the lower cache, which is the host operating system cache. Thus LRU may not work effectively in the lower cache. In this paper, we explore locality of reference in a host operating system cache. In addition, we evaluate performance of existing cache replacement algorithms in a host operating system cache with our simulation and that of an implementation of practical operating system. 1. はじめに HDD OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS 4 9 OS OS OS OS OS 1Zhou DBMS DISK I/O 2 OS OS OS OS 2. 二重キャッシュ構造 1 HDD OS 1

2 56 OS OS OS OS 1 OS HDD OS 1 OS HDD HDD OS OS OSOS HDD 図 1 二重キャッシュ環境 3. 負の参照の時間的局所性 3.1 参照の局所性 Locality of Reference Temporal locality Spatial locality LRU LRU Least Recently Used 3 LRU 3 OS LRU 3.3 負の参照の時間的局所性 OS LRU OS OS OS OS LRU OS LRU 2OS OS 10,000 Block OS 1,000 Block OS 1,000 Block ,000 Block

3 OS 2, ,000 block 2,100 block ,000 block 2,000 block 2 0 block1000 block OS OS 0 OS 3 FFSB Flexible File System Benchmark 1 2 FFSB 3 OS xvd 図 3 実験環境表 1 実計算機の仕様 OS CentOS bit Kernel Linux CPU AMD Athlon TM HDD sda 140GB HDD sdb 80GB 4 GB Cache 3.46GB Xen ext2 表 2 仮想計算機の仕様 図 2 再アクセス回数の関係 4. 仮想化環境の下位キャッシュにおける参照の時間的局所の解析 4.1 解析方法 OS 3 3 Monitoring 3 Monitoring OS OS OS CentOS bit Kernel Linux CPU AMD Athlon TM HDD 100GB 1 GB 2 GB 3 GB Cache 0.9GB 1.8GB 2.8GB ext2 ext3 表 3 FFSB の設定 Data Size 16GB 16GB 16GB 16GB File Size 16MB 16MB 16MB 16MB Num File OP Size 16KB 64KB 256KB 1MB

4 測定結果 4 11 OPsize FFSB read() ext2 ext3 OS Guest1GB:Host3GB OS 3GB OS 1GB OS 1GB 0.7GB 5 OS 2GB 1.7GB OS 図 7 FFSB(OPsize64KB,ext3) 測定結果 図 8 FFSB(OPsize256KB,ext2) 測定結果 図 4 FFSB(OPsize16KB,ext3) 測定結果 図 9 FFSB(OPsize256KB,ext3) 測定結果 図 5 FFSB(OPsize16KB,ext3) 測定結果 図 10 FFSB(OPsize1MB,ext2) 測定結果 図 6 FFSB(OPsize64KB,ext2) 測定結果 図 11 FFSB(OPsize1MB,ext3) 測定結果

5 59 3 GB 2.6GB GB 1.7GB 2.6GB ext3 ext2 64KB OS 5.ホストOSキャッシュにおけるキャッシュ置換アルゴリズムのヒット率評価 OS LRU RANDOM FIX MQ LRU 3 FIX RANDOM MQ シミュレーション環境 GB 5 2 GB 6 3 GB OS OS FFSB OS OS OS Linux OSLRU OS OS xvd 4 6 block 4KB 4,194,304 block 16 GB 5.2 シミュレーション結果 OS 表 4 シミュレーション環境 ( メモリサイズ 1 GB) 4,194,304 block OS ,965 block OS ,930 block OS ,895 block OS ,860 block 表 5 シミュレーション環境 ( メモリサイズ 2 GB) 4,194,304 block OS ,930 block OS ,860 block OS ,790 block OS ,720 block 表 6 シミュレーション環境 ( メモリサイズ 3 GB) 4,194,304 block OS ,001 block OS ,003 block OS 1.5 1,101,005 block OS 2.0 1,468,006 block 12 OS OS 1.0 OS OS OS OS Guest 1 GB OS 1 GB Guest 2 GB OS 2 GB Guest 3 GB OS 3 GB 12 LRU MQ OS RANDOM LRU MQ FIX OS OS OS LRU MQ OS OS OS OS

6 60 ext3 LRU MQ ext2lru MQ LRU MQ MQ LRU MQ LRU log LRU MQ LRU MQ MQ 6. 実ホスト OS におけるキャッシュヒット率の評価 6.1 評価環境 OS OS HDD 表 7 実計算機の仕様 OS CentOS bit Kernel Linux CPU Intel Celeron G550 HDD 250GB 2GB Xen ex2 表 8 シミュレーションの仕様 3GB 256MB 2048MB OP Size 16MB 図 12 下位キャッシュのキャッシュヒット率 SCSI 12 OS OS 2 GB 1.5GB MB 50 OS Linux LRU 12 LRU 7. 関連研究 7.1 MQ(Multi-Queue) MQ Multi Queue 2 MQ MQ LRU expire time

7 61 ID Qout Qout 7.2 二重キャッシュ環境に関する研究 4 LRU LRU Wilick 5 LRU LFU Global L2 buer cache man agement 6 Luo proxy cache scheme 負の参照の時間的局所性に関する研究 WC Weighted Count 8 WC LFU 8. おわりに ext3 ext2 OS LRU MQ LRU MQ OS OS OS OS Linux 謝辞 JSPS 参考文献 ZA 5. 2 Yuanyuan Zhou and James F. Philbin, KaiLi, The Multi Queue Replacement Algorithm for Second Level Buer Caches, In Procedings of the 2001 USENIX Annual Technical Confer ence, P.J. Denning, The Locality Principle, Com munications of the ACM, Volume 48, Issue 7, pp.1924, (2005) 4 pp D.L. Willick, D.L. Eager, and R.B. Bunt, Disk Cache Replacement Policies for Network Fileservers, In ICDCS, May Yuanyuan Zhou and James F. Philbin, KaiLi Second Level Buer Cache Management, IEEE Transactions on parallel and distributed systems, vol. 15, no. 7, JULY Yihui Luo and Changsheng Xie, Xinwei Zheng, Chengfeng Zhang, Zhen Zhao A Proxy Cache Scheme of Network Storage IEEE Em bedded Software and Systems, Yusuke Nagasako and SaneyasuYamaguch, A Server Cache Size Aware Cache Re placement Algorithm for Block Level Network Storage, The Fourth International Work shop on Ad Hoc, Sensor and P2P Networks (AHSP2011), Jun ComSys 2012

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