等尺 性 最大筋力に及ぼ す 筋断面積お よび筋 線 維組成の影響 筋 断 面 積 の 影 響,さ らに,筋 断 面 積 あ た りの 等 尺 状 態 で,膝 した.な 討 す る こ と を 目 的 と した. 連 続3回,常 を 伸 展 す る際 のpeak 性最 大筋 力 に 対 す る筋線
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1 INFLUENCE OF MUSCLE FIBER COMPOSITION AND MUSCLE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA ON MAXIMAL ISOMETRIC STRENGTH TOMOO RYUSHI and TETSUO FUKUNAGA Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of muscle cross-sectional area on maximal isometric strength (M. I. S.), and the influence of muscle fiber composition on the ratio of maximal isometric strength to muscle cross-sectional area in the leg extensor muscles. Muscle biopsies were taken from the right vastus lateralis of 16 healthy untrained males. Cross-sectional area of the leg extensor muscles were measured by ultrasonic measurements. Maximal isometric strength were determined as peak torques using an isokinetic dynamometer. Significant positive correlation was observed between muscle cross-sectional area and maximal isometric strength (r=0.61, p<0.05). The ratio of maximal isometric strength to muscle cross-sectional area was 2.6 }0.4 Nm/cm2 (mean }S. D.) with a wide range of values from 2.0 to 3.3 Nm/cm2. No relationship was observed to exist between the ratio of maximal isometric strength to muscle cross-sectional area and muscle fiber composition. From these results it can be concluded that muscle cross-sectional area plays a more important role in producing a high maximal isometric strength than muscle fiber composition, and that the large variations observed in the ratio of maximal isometric strength to muscle cross-sectional area may be caused by factors other than muscle fiber composition. (J. Physical Fitness Japan 1986, 35 : 168 `174 Department of Tokyo of Sports Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University
2 等尺 性 最大筋力に及ぼ す 筋断面積お よび筋 線 維組成の影響 筋 断 面 積 の 影 響,さ らに,筋 断 面 積 あ た りの 等 尺 状 態 で,膝 した.な 討 す る こ と を 目 的 と した. 連 続3回,常 を 伸 展 す る際 のpeak 性最 大筋 力 に 対 す る筋線 維 組 成 の 影響 につ い て 検 II.方 させ,そ 法 169 お,被 torqueを 測 定 験 者に は 充 分 な時 間 閭隔 をお い て に 最 大 努 力 でpeak torqueを 発 揮 の な かの最大 値 を 等 尺 性最 大 筋 力 と し た. A.被 験 者 C.筋 被 検 者 は 規 則 的 な ト レー ニ ン グ経 験 の な い 健 康 成 人 男 子16名 で あ っ た.彼 身 長 は169.8±5.2cm,体 ら の 年 齢 は21.1±2.0歳, 重 は62.4±6.1kgで あ っ た. B.等 生 検 と染色法 筋 サ ン プ ル は,Evansた 正 を 加 え た 方 法(図1)を の 外 側 部(外 側 広 筋)か ち の 方 法5)に 若 干 の 修 用 い て,右 大 腿 四 頭 筋 ら 採 取 した,採 取 部 位 は 腸骨 棘 と膝 蓋 骨 上緑 中央 部 と を結 んだ 線 の 遠 位 尺 性 最 大 筋力 の測 定 1/3の 部 位 か ら,さ ら に 外 側 へ1/2の 座 位 姿 勢 の 被 験 者 を シ ー トベ ル トを 用 い て 測 定 用 の 椅 子 に 胸 部 お よび 腹 部 を 固 定 した.さ ら に, 被 験 者 の 右 脚 の 足 頸 部 をCybex III(0 /sec)の レ バー に 固 定 し た の ち,右 膝 関 節 を90 に 保 持 し た Fig 1. A biopsy 部 位 で あ り, そ の 深 さ は 大 腿 の 太 さ と は 無 関 係 に筋 膜 か ら 垂 直 に3cmと し た.な お,被 験 者 す べ てに 対 し,ほ とん ど 同 じ 部 位 か ら採 取 す る よ う留 意 した(図1). 筋の 採 取 量 は 筋線 維数 に region(a) and the modified suctorial し て 平 均1,016(410 needle biopsy device(b).
3 琉 子,福 永 170 Fig 2. Cross-section ATPase 4. 3, stain dark FTb, FTc, exist in of (ph ; ST, light these 9.4), FTc, ; FTa. photographs muscle dark light ( fibers ; FTa, ; FTa, ; ST stained FTb, FTb, fibers, ; for FTc, (C) FTa light after myosin ; ST, ATPase. (B) preincubation fibers, : (A) after in FTb routine myosin preincubation fibers, ph 4. FTc in 6, fibers dark ph ; ST, do not
4 Table 1. Maximal isometric strength (M. I. S.), muscle cross-sectional area in leg extensor muscle and muscle fiber composition in m. vastuslateralis (n=16).
5 Fig 3. The relationship between the ratio of maximal isometric strength (M. I. S.) to muscle cross-sectional area and the percent of ST fibers (A), the relationship between the ratio of M. I. S. to muscle cross-sectional area and the percent area of ST fibers(b).
6 Fig 4. The relationship between maximal isometric strength (M. I. S.) and muscle crosssectional area in leg extensor muscle.
7 1) Alexander, R. McN. and Vernon, A.(1975) : The dimensions of knee and ankle muscles and the forces they exert. J. Hum. Mov. Stud. 1, ) Barany, M, and Close, R. I.(1971) : The transformation of myosin in cross-innervated rat muscles. J. Physiol., 213, ) Burke, R. E. and Edgerton, V. R.(1975) : Motor unit properties and selective involvement in movement. Exer. Sports Sci. Rev., 3, ) Close, R I. (1972) ; Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscle. Physiol. Rev., 52, ) Evans, W. J., Phinney, S. D, and Young, V. R. (1982) : Suction applied to a muscle biopsy maximizes sample size. Med. Sci, sports, 14, ) Fukunaga, T. (1976) : Die absolute Muskelkraft and das Muskelkrafttraining. Sportarzt unt Sportmed., 27, ) Gidikov, A, and Kosarov, D. (1974): Some features of different motor units in human biceps brachii. Pflugers Arch., 347, ) Hulten, B., Thorstensson, A., Sjð±din, B. and Karlsson, J. (1975) : Relationship between isometric endurance and fiber types in human leg muscles. Acta. physiol. scand., 93, ) Ikai, M, and Fukunaga, T.(1968) ; Calculation of muscle by means of ultrasonic measurement. Int. Z. angew. Physiol., 26, ) Komi, P. V., Rusko, H., Vos, J. and Vihko, V. (1977) : Anaerobic performance capacity in athletes. Acta. physiol, scand., 100, ) Khan, M. A., Papadimitriou, J. M., Holt, P. G. and Kakulas, B. A.(1972) : A calcium-citro-phosphate technique for the histochemical localization of myosin ATPase. Stain technology., 47, ) Maughan, R. J., Watson, J. S. and Weir, J.(1983): Relationships between muscle strength and muscle cross-sectional area in male sprinters and endurance runners. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 50, ) Maughan, R. J. and Nimmo, M. A.(1984) : The influence of variations in muscle fiber composition on muacle strength and cross-sectional area in untrained males. J. Physiol., 351, ) Nygaard, E., Houston, M., Suzuki, Y., JƒÓrgensen, K. and Saltin, B. (1983) : Morphology of the brachial biceps muscle and elbow flextion in man. Acta. physiol, scand., 117, ) Saltin, B., Henriksson, J., Nygaard, E., Andersen, P. and Jansson, E.(1977) : Fiber types and metabolic potentials of skeletal muscles in sedentary man and endurnce runners. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 301, ) Tesch, P. and Karlsson, J. (1978) : Isometric strength performance and muscle fiber type distribution in man. Acta. physiol, scand., 103, ) Thorstensson, A., Hulten, B., Dð±bein, W. J, and Karlsson, J.(1976) : Effects of strength training on enzyme activities and fiber characteristics in human skeletal muscle. Acta. physiol, scand., 96, ) Wendt, I. R. and Barclay, J. K.(1980) : Effects of dantrolen on the energetics of fast- and slow-twitch muscles of the mouse. Am. J. physiol., 238, ) Young, A., Stokes, M., Walker, I. C. R. and Newham, D.(1981) : The relationship between quadriceps size and strength in nomal young adults. Ann, rheum. Dis., 40, 619
423 昭 和60年6,月28日 Fig. Panel 4.3, are œ; A B as SO and after follows; (slow B 1 are Microphotographs processed preincubation FG twitch for at (fast twitch oxidative a ph 4.0. cross ATPase Panel glycolitic
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