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1 *1 *2 * Abstract A review of annual change in leading rice varieties for the 45 years between 1956 and 2000 in Japan yielded 10 leading varieties of non-glutinous lowland rice over a widely planted area from over 300 annual varieties and traced their cultivation span until they disappeared from statistics. Of the 10 varieties, both long- and short-lived were found in each of the 9 planting regions, with some planted in a single prefecture and others in multiple prefectures within a region. Varieties with excellent palatability appeared throughout Japan since the 1980s. Leading varieties of glutinous lowland rice, and non-glutinous and glutinous upland rice were also reviewed for yearly change and regional distribution. Information made available in the above review should prove valuable to rice breeders and agronomists in building up appropriate breeding objectives and cultivation techniques for future rice production. Key Words: rice, variety, planted area, long-lived variety, regional distribution, palatability, lowland rice, upland rice *1 *2 *3

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46 Annual Change in Leading Rice Varieties between 1956 and 2000 in Japan Masao YOKOO *1, Masayuki HIRAO *2 and Toru IMAI *3 This review was based primarily on research conducted by Project Research Team 4, National Agricultural Research Center, between 1986 and Summary Annual changes in long- and short-lived rice varieties and those planted in wide or relatively narrow areas reflect social trends in the practices of rice producers and consumers. Rice consumption per capita in Japan decreased rapidly after the 1970s as Japanese dietary practices changed rapidly and awareness among consumers about rice edibility and tastiness grew. A review of annual change in leading non-glutinous and glutinous lowland and upland rice varieties during the 45 years between 1956 and 2000 in Japan examined varieties of non-glutinous lowland rice in detail, because they covered a large planted area from 2,475,000 ha in 1956 to 1,542,000 ha in 2000 than three other rice groups planted in smaller areas. Ten leading non-glutinous lowland rice varieties were selected from over 300 annual varieties and traced for cultivation span until they disappeared from statistics. The proportion of planted area occupied by these 10 compared to total area increased from 27% in 1956 to 79% in The proportions in all 9 regions examined exceeded 80%, especially the nearly 100% in Hokkaido, predominating in rice fields in Japan. The four types of varieties focused on were long-lived in a large or small area and their corresponding short-lived counterparts. Each of the 9 region examined featured unique varieties of these four types. One or more of the 10 dominated each decade from the 1950s to the 1990s in each region. Some continued to be planted for a long time and others were relatively short-lived. Some were planted in a single prefecture while others were planted in multiple prefectures. Non-glutinous lowland varieties with excellent palatability were planted since the 1980s and 1990s in all regions. Recent regional lowland areas were occupied by a smaller number of varieties with better eating quality. Koshihikari predominates in area and palatability based on the years of continuous planting, cumulative area, and wideness of distribution through- Received 6 October, 2004 *1 University of Tsukuba *2 Tokyo University of Agriculture *3 National Food Research Institute

47 out 45 years. Some 60 varieties of glutinous lowland rice planted in 225,000 ha in 1956 decreased annually to 62,000 ha in Most varieties were planted in one or two of the 9 regions. Upland rice planted in 180,000 ha in the 1960s decreased rapidly to less than 10,000 ha between 1961 and Statistics of non-glutinous upland rice had disappeared by In 2000, glutinous upland varieties were planted in some 7,000 ha, mainly in the Kanto (eastern Japan) region. 15

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