Robot Platform Project(RPP) "Spur" "YP-Spur" rev. 4 [ ] Robot Platform Project(RPP) WATANABE Atsushi 1.,,., Fig. 1.,,,,,.,,,..,,..,,..,,,,. "

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1 Robot Platform Project(RPP) "Spur" "YP-Spur" ev. 4 [.8.9] Robot Platform Project(RPP) WATANABE Atsushi.,,., Fig..,,,,,.,,,..,,..,,..,,,,. "",,, Spur.,, Robot Platform Project, "YP-Spur".,,, 98 99,. [][3][4].,,, [5]., Robot Platform Project * ). * ) Robot Platform Project Fig.,, YP-Spur.3.., Spur,.. "" "",, (Power Wheeled Steering/PWS). Figure " LR-", PWS. PWS,,,,.,,, PWS, ω r (t), ω l (t), R r, R l, ()T,. ( ) ( Rr = R r T R l R l T ) ( ωr (t) ω l (t), (x, y, θ),,,. θ(t) = x(t) = y(t) = t t t ω(τ)dτ + θ() v(τ)cos[θ(τ)]dτ + x() v(τ)sin[θ(τ)]dτ + y() ) () ()

2 (message queue) ms x, y, x, y, Fig. " LR-" PWS,.,,., PWS, 3, ( ),.,, 3,., "",,.,, "Spur". 3. YP-Spur, Spur,. MICHI 98, (),, Spur.,. MC689CPU., " 9 ". Spur CPU,. L-Spur 99, 9. Spur T85CPU, Liberos., "Spur", Spur L-Spur. T85CPU (T-Loco ). vxv_tools 5,,. Spur, SH. SHSpur ef,ef ef,ef encoded ms ms Fig. 3, l 5 ms x, y,, l encoded, l 5 ms, l, l YP-Spur 5 7., SH.,,. MRspur 8 9,,. SHSpur. YP-Spur,, Robot Platform Project, SHSpur,.,,,., URG SCIP. (VV ),,.

3 4. YP-Spur YP-Spur,,. Figure 3, YP-Spur. ypspur-coordinater, Spur.,, ypspurcoordinater,. ypspur-coordinater,,,.,, 5.. sh_vel, ypspur-coordinater,,, PI. PI,, PWS,. PWS, []. [5].,, PWS. 5. YP-Spur YP-Spur 6,,,. Spur_line Spur_circle Spur_spin Spur_stop_line Spur_stop Spur_vel,,.,,,.,,,.,, Fig. 3,,. v re f (t + t),, v max, a max,. v re f (t + t) < v max (3) vre f (t + t) < a max (4) t, t, t., ω re f (t + t), ω max, α max,. 6. ω re f (t + t) < ω max (5) ωre f (t + t) < α max (6) t YP-Spur, t,, η(t), φ(t), ω di f f (t),. η(t) φ(t) ω di f f (t), K η, K φ, K ω, () ( d dt ω)re f (t),. ( d dt ω)re f (t) = K η η(t) K φ φ(t) K ω ω di f f (t) (7), t,, ω re f (t), ω re f (t + t) = + t ( K η η(t) K φ φ(t) K ω ω di f f (t) ) (8), η(t), η max, (9)., φ(t), (). η(t) < η max (9) π < φ(t) < π () v re f (t), v re f (t),. ( ) v re f (t) = v re f (t) sign v re f (t) (),,,

4 ,., (),,.,, (),,..,,,. α g (α =..3, g ),, v max_by_ω (t) = α g,. 6. q(t) d(t) () Desired Line Spur_line(,,.536 ) Fig. 5 : (, ), (, ) Desired Line Spur_line(,, ) - Fig. 4 YP-Spur, YP-Spur, Fig. 4 d(t), q(t),,, (8). η(t) = d(t) φ(t) = q(t) (3) ω di f f (t) =, " LR-",, Fig. 5, 6., " LR-", YP-Spur..,.3m/s,.5rad/s.,., (), θ(t), v re f,, y(t) = t t v(τ)sin[θ(τ)]dτ v re f θ(τ)dτ, x, d dt η(t) vre f φ(t) Fig. 6 : (, ), (, )., d dt φ(t) = ω di f f (t) =.,, ω re f (t), (7),. d 3 dt 3 φ(t) = K η v re f d φ(t) K φ dt φ(t) K ω d φ(t) (4) dt (4),,,,, K η, K φ, K ω,,.,.,

5 ,. (9, ),,,,.,,. (4), x φ (x), Desired path Spur_circle( 3,, ) d 3, K η dt 3 φ (x) = (v re f ) vre f φ (x) K φ d (v re f ) dt φ (x) K ω v re f d dt φ (x) (5) φ (x) = φ( x v re f ) (5),,,,,.,,.,,.,. (5),., [6],,, Fig. 8 : (, ), (, ).3m Desired path Spur_circle(,, ) Fig. 9 : (, ), (, ) m η(t) = d(t) φ(t) = q(t) (6) ω di f f (t) = ω required 6. Fig. 7 r q(t) d(t) YP-Spur, YP-Spur, Fig. 7, d(t), q(t),,, (8). r,., ω max ( < ω max ) r + d(t) ω required = r+d(t) ( r + d(t) ) < ω max ω max ( > ω max ) r + d(t) ω required,,., " LR-",, Fig. 8,9., " LR-", YP-Spur..,.3m/s,.5rad/s.,.,,

6 Fig. r d(t + T) q(t + T) Spur,,,,, K η, K φ, K ω, (5),. Spur, Fig.,, T d(t + T ), q(t + T ), (8). η(t) = d(t + T ) φ(t) = q(t + T ) ω di f f (t) = (7), T,., T, T. 7. YP-Spur,,,.,., PWS 3,,,., Spur, 3,., YP-Spur, θ(t), θ re f, ω re f (t)., α max, ω re f (t). θ(t) + t+t t ω(t +t ) = dt = θ re f d dt = α max,. ω re f (t + t) = sign(θ(t) θ re f ) α max θ(t) θ re f (8), v re f (t).,,. 7. Fig. q(t) l(t) d(t) YP-Spur, YP-Spur, Fig.,,, ω re f (t), v re f (t).,.,,., v re f (t) (9), d(t), q(t),, l(t), () (8).

7 re f v (t + t) = sign( l(t) ) amax l(t) (9) 構築することが可能になっている. 今後も, 利用形態や他の技 術の進歩にあわせて, 走行制御コマンド系および走行制御系 を整備していくことは, 移動ロボットに関する研究を行って { d(t) vre f (t + t) < vmax otherwise () φ (t) = q(t) ωdi f f (t) = ω (t) 一方, 直線上での停止コマンドの実行中, 停止する直線との 距離が近いときには, ロボットの位置は停止する直線の水平 方向には制御されておらず, 外から力が加わればその位置が 変化する場合がある. ただし, 停止する直線との距離が十分長 ければ, ロボットは初め直線追従と同様に動作するので, 指定 した位置の点に向かって進む. この場合, 停止する直線に近づ いた際に外乱が働かなければ, 最終的には指定した位置の近 傍で停止することが期待できる. η (t) = 8. おわりに 本稿では, 移動ロボット走行制御コマンド系および走行制 御系, "Spur"の考え方と, 年度現在の知能ロボット研究 室の標準走行制御系である, "YP-Spur" の実装について報告 した. 本稿で説明した内容の多くは, 研究室の先人たちが残し た多くの論文 ソースコードなどの財産を参考にしたもので ある. 現在の"Spur"は, 計算機技術の発展に伴って, 走行制御系の 大部分をラップトップコンピュータ上で動作させる構造に変 化した. 実際の使用例でも, 軌跡追従制御の代わりに, 画像処 理や測域センサデータ処理で得られた情報に基づいた制御を いく上できわめて重要である. 参考文献 [] S. Yuta, Y. Kanayama. An implementation of MICHI - A locomotion command system for intelligent mobile robot, in Proc. of International Conference on Advanced Robotics, pp. 7-34, 985 [] S. Iida, S. Yuta, Control of Vehicle with Power Wheeled Steerings Using Feed-forward Dynamics Compensation, in Proc. of Annual Conference on the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp , 99 [3] 飯田重喜, 油田信一. 車輪型移動ロボットのための走行制御コマ ンド系と軌跡制御方式, in Proc. of 第 回日本ロボット学会ロ ボットシンポジウム, pp. 85-9, 99 [4] 飯田重喜. 車輪型移動ロボットの走行制御システムに関する研 究, 筑波大学大学院博士課程工学研究科 学位請求論文, 99 [5] 坪内孝司. 車輪移動体の制御, in Proc. of 日本ロボット学会主催 第 43 回講習会 ロボット工学入門シリーズ 移動技術編 移 動ロボットのやさしい解説, pp , 995 [6] 渡辺敦志. 繰り返しシミュレーションとヒューリスティック最 適化による制御系のパラメータ決定手法 広い速度域に対応し た移動ロボットの直線追従パラメータ生成 In Proc. of the 9 年度第 回山彦シンポジウム 訂正内容 初稿 p.4, 6 安定性の議論を修正 p., Fig. 3 中に制御 通信周期を追加 p., Fig. 3 中の制御 通信周期を修正 実装して動作させるなど, 柔軟に移動ロボットのシステムを Fig. 年度プラットフォーム整備のための作業日, "山彦"シリーズと"ビーゴ"シリーズ, および筑波大学 知能ロボット研究室メンバー

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