SFCJ6-山中

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1 What is the Role of Language in Communication-oriented English Education? A theoretical consideration on the 'limitation of linguistic media in communication' Tsukasa Yamanaka / Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University Yuji Suzuki / Professor, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University This paper proposes a new theory of communication incorporating next generation media and its application to English education at the university level. Recently in Japan, need for so-called communicative English education is growing stronger, in correspondence with which there have been some interesting theories of communication. However, such theories are far from being functionally adequate, because they are confined to language alone without realizing the limitation of the role of language in communication. This paper attempts to correct these existing theoretical frameworks for a more functional model of communication. There are several important issues highlighted in this paper including "meta-communicative dimension", which is considered essential for the conceptualization of communication thus defined. Keywords: 168

2 (SFC) (, ) (Canale and Swain, Bachman, McNamara ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Hymes (, ) ( ) ( ) KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

3 ( ) 170

4 Davidson Davidson Quine Davidson ( ) Davidson (, ) Quine (indeterminacy) Davidson (malapropism) Davidson (ubiquitous) ( ) (literal meaning) (Davidson (first meaning) ) KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

5 A arrangement derangement (Davidson ) ( B ) (recursive) Quine ( ) ( ) (dynamic) ( ) Davidson Davidson (passing theory) (radical interpretation) Davidson (linguistic competence) Davidson ( : ) 172

6 Davidson ( ) Chomsky ( ) ( ) (Umwelt) ( ) ( ) KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

7 (Grice, Sperber, Sperber and Wilson ) ( ) (Savage-Rumbaugh ) (Smith = ) 174

8 ( ) ( ) ( ; ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (authentic) ( ) KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

9 Bateson Bateson ( = : ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Bateson ( ) ( ) ( ) Bateson ( ) ( ) = = ( ) 176

10 ( ; ) (Davidson) / I II ( II ) Chomsky KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

11 ( ) III (prescriptive) ( ) (Austin, Searle ) II ( ) ( ) IV III IV III IV III I III II II 178

12 I Davidson Bateson ( ) ( / ) Sperber ( ) KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

13 Jakobson (, ) ( ) (mutual intelligibility) 180

14 (holistic) KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

15 182

16 Language KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

17 Austin, J.L How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Bachman, L. F Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bachman, L.F. & A.S. Palmer 1996 Language Testing in Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bateson, G Steps To An Ecology of Mind. Balantine: New York. Birdwhistell, R "Background to kinesics." ETC 13. pp Bloomfield, L Language. New York: Holt. Canale, M. & M. Swain 1980 "Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing." In Applied Linguistics 1 no.1. Canale, M "From Communicative Competence to Communicative Language Pedagogy." In J.C. Richards and R.W. Schmidt ed. Language and Communication. London: Longman. pp.2-27 Chomsky, N New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 184

18 Davidson, D Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Davidson, D "A nice derangement of epitaphs." In E. Lepore ed. Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Blackwell. pp Glock, H.J Quine and Davidson on Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Grice, H.P Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press. Hall, R.A Pidgin and Creole Languages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Hayakawa, S.I Language in Action. New York: Harcourt, Brace. Hymes, D "Models of the Interaction of Language and Social Setting." Journal of Social Issues 23. pp.8-28 Hymes, D "On Communicative Competence." In Pride & Holmes ed. Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Jakobson, R. 1976, 1996 On Language. Linda W. Waugh and Monique Monville Burton Ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Jespersen, O Language. London: Allen & Unwin. Korzybski, A Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. Lancaster, PA: Science Press. Mehrabian, A "Communication without words." Psychology Today 2 (9). pp McNamara, T.F Measuring Second Language Performance. London: Addison-Wesley Longman. McNamara, T.F 'Interaction' in second language performance assessment: Whose performance? Applied Linguistics, Vol.18, No.4 Pinker, S The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. New York: Wm. Morrow. Quine, W.V Word and Object. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. Rossi, P.H., M.W. Lipsey & H.E. Freeman 2004 Evaluation: A Systematic Approach, Seventh Edition. Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks; CA. Sacks, H "Lectures on Conversation." In G. Jefferson Ed. Lectures on Conversation 1. (Harvey Sacks). Cambridge. M.A.: Blackwell. Sanjek, R "The Ethnographic Present" Man(n.s.)26. pp Savage-Rumbaugh, S. et al Apes, Language, and the Human Mind. Oxford University Press. Searle, J 'Indirect Speech Acts', in Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan Ed. Syntax and Semantics Volume 3: Speech Acts. Academic Press. pp Smith, N Language, Bananas & Bonobos. Oxford: Blackwell. Sperber, D In J. Khalfa ed. What Is Intellegnece? Cambridge University Press. pp Sperber, D. & D. Wilson 1995 Relevance. 2nd edn. Blackwell. Tannen, D Talking Voices. Cambridge University Press. Todd, L Pidgins and Creoles. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Wardhaugh, R An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Second Edition. Basil Blackwell. KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.6 No

Grice (1957) S x p S A x 1. A p 2. A S 1 3. A S 1 p (intention-based semantics) S p x (Strawson 1964; Grice 1969; Schiffer 1972; Harman 1974; Bennett

2016/10/21 1 (implicature) (presupposition) (speech act) Sperber & Wilson (1986/1995) (inferential model) 2 Sperber & Wilson (1986/1995) (code model) (1) (2) (3) (5) 1 Grice (1957) S x p S A x 1. A p 2.