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1 * ** *** * ** ***,.,,,, 197 : Fig ,4 6,868km 45km

2 Table 1 Fig. Fig.3 Fig. 1 Area of study 15 55km 3,3km 38.m 8,815 3, mm Shimonoseki Fig. Observation point of tide Yamaguti Ohita Hiroshima Kure Matsuyama Uwazima Sukumo Okayama Himeji Kobe Ohsaka Hukuyama Takamatsu Tadotsu Sumoto Tokushima Wakayama Fig. 3 Observation point of meteorology. 48 9

3 Table 1 Summary of collected data sort unit source tidle 1h Japan Ocean Orgaphic Data Center precipitation 1h Kobe Marine Observatory wind on land 1h Japan Meteorological Agency wind on sea 1h Kobe Marine Observatory sea temperature 1month Japan Ocean Orgaphic Data Center air temperature 1h Japan Meteorological Agency air pressure 1h Kobe Marine Observatory air pressure on the sea 1h Japan Meteorological Agency vapor pressure 1h Kobe Marine Observatory sunshine time 1h Kobe Marine Observatory * Fig.1.1 Fig Fig. 4 Flowchart of study

4 ) ) 3) 4) / ra ra = 1 / ra + 1/ rb + 1/ (1) rc 1 / rb = rb 1 / ra + 1/ rb + 1/ () rc 1 / rc rc = 1 / ra + 1/ rb + 1/ (3) rc U i = rau a + rb U b + rc U c (4) U a a, U b b U r a a r b b,r c Fig P i + R i + G i + Q i 1,i Q i,i+1 E i = S i t = (5) R i,p i E i,q i 1,i i G i ( ),Q i,i+1 i S i Fig.6 Fig.7 1

5 6 5 7s y =.3858x R =.58 4 calculation observation 8s y =.4159x R =.3514 store water flow to i box precipitation water flow from i box evaporation river flow result(ground water) month Fig. 6 Water cycle model tide calculation cm observation 9s y =.487x +.15 R = /1 1/6 1/11 1/16 1/1 1/6 1/ month/day Fig. 7 Variation of tide calculation observation Fig. 5 Correlation between sea wind and calculated wind at Kiisuidou Fig.8 ( )

6 (T P) T P m T P Fig T P i,j α α g sin θ =(H i H j )g/l ij (7) g m/s ),H m,l ij m) Q L = A i B ij g t (H i H j ) (A i + A j ) L ij H i H j (8) A m,b ij m t s) B ij () Q w τ τ = ρ a u (9) ρ a u m/s u F ρ a u = ρ w A ij β (1) Q w = A i B ij g t (A i + A j ) ρ a ρ w u (11) Fig. 8 Way of tide observation and exchange to TP 4.4 Q L Q W Q = Q L + Q w (6) Q L Q W (1) Q L ρ w Q = C level (H i H j ) + C wind u (1) (H i >H j ) Q = C level (H i H j ) + C wind u (13) (H i <H j ) C level = A i B ij g t (A i + A j ) L ij (14) C wind = A i B ij g t (A i + A j ) ρ a ρ w (15) Fig.9

7 Fig. 9 Schematic image of exchange flow between i-j block 4.5 Fig Fig Fig.11 8 Fig.1,Fig.13 Fig tide level time Matuyama Result Fig. 1 Verification between observation and 3 dimension model m 3 /month 9.5e+6 9e+6 8.5e+6 8e+6 7.5e+6 7e+6 6.5e+6 6e+6 5.5e+6 5e+6 91/1 91/ 91/3 91/4 91/5 91/6 91/7 91/8 91/9 91/1 91/11 91/1 Fig. 11 Comparison between study and 3 dimension model

8 8e+8 Water flow by wind Water flow by tidal 6e+8 Water flow by wind Water flow by tidal 7e+8 5e+8 6e+8 5e+8 4e+8 m 3 4e+8 m 3 3e+8 3e+8 e+8 e+8 1e+8 1e+8 8/1 8/6 81/1 81/6 8/1 8/6 9/1 9/6 91/1 91/6 9/1 9/6 Fig. 1 Sea water volume (Kii) Fig. 15 The rate of tide volume and wind volume m 3 e+8 1.8e+8 1.6e+8 1.4e+8 1.e+8 1e+8 8e+7 6e+7 4e+7 e+7 Water flow by wind Water flow by tidal 8/1 8/6 81/1 81/6 8/1 8/6 Fig. 13 Sea water volume (Bisan) Fig. 14 Average volume of Sea water Fig kondo(1975) Fairrall et al.(1996) COARE Algorithm Hishida Nishiyama

9 Table ) ) 3) Fig.16, mm/day /1 91/ 91/3 91/4 91/5 91/6 91/7 91/8 91/9 91/1 91/11 91/1 Fig. 16 Comparison of calcuration between 1hour and 1month 4.9 E = ρ a C E U(q s q) (16)

10 s q s =.98 q sat.s (17) E,C E ρ a,u m/s q s, q q sat.s, s e a, p a C E C E = E (18) ρ a U(q s q) e asat e asat = ata/(b+ta) (19) a =7.5 b = 37.3 q q sat.s q =.6(e a/p a ) () 1.378(e a /p a ) q sat.s =.6(e asat/p a ) (1) 1.378(e asat /p a ) ρ a = T a p ( a e ) a p a () U = U ( z z ).5 (3) U m/s, z m,z m,t a ( ) (16) E, C E = k (4) ln(z m /z h ) ln(z m /z ) z h,z z h = u (.957) m (5) z = u (.9346) m (6) z, (m),z (m),z h, (m),u m, m/s k, Fig.17 mm/day Ohsakawan kiisuido Harimanada Bisanseto Akinada Iyonada Bungosuido Subonada 91/1 91/ 91/3 91/4 91/5 91/6 91/7 91/8 91/9 91/1 91/11 91/1 Fig. 17 Result of evaporation(1991) Fig Fig.19 Fig

11 s 8s 9s kg/kg.35.3 mm/day month Fig. 18 Change of specific humidity Fig /1 91/ 91/3 91/4 91/5 91/6 91/7 91/8 91/9 91/1 91/11 91/1 Fig. Comparison of bulk coefficient Fig River Flow Rain Grand Water Evaporation Sea Flow 5 mm mm/day /1 91/4 91/7 91/1 9/1 9/4 9/7 9/1 93/1 93/4 93/7 93/1 91/1 91/ 91/3 91/4 91/5 91/6 91/7 91/8 91/9 91/1 91/11 Fig. 1 Result of water circulation Fig. 19 Comparison between bulk coefficient and data of Kankuu

12 6. (m 3 /month) 1e+8 9e+7 8e+7 7e+7 6e+7 5e+7 Min This study Max Q = T µ B (7) T m /day,µ B m (9) Table 6.1 Fig e+7 96/1 96/ 96/5 96/1 Fig. Verification of ground water into sea dc i = C i 1 q i 1,i C i q i,i+1 dt V i K i 1,i (C i C i 1 ) V i K i,i+1 (C i C i+1 ) (8) V i q i 1,i = Q i 1,i (1 α) (9) K i 1,i = αq i 1,i (3) C i kg/m 3 ),α,k i 1,i i-1,i m 3 /mon),q i 1,i i-1,i m 3 /mon) V i m 3 ),Q i 1,i i-1,i m 3 /mon) t (month) 7. box Fig. 3 Circuration model

13 Table Observation point and slope coefficient Point February May Octorber Noda MinamiOnkasya Noma unit m /day) 1 Sverdrup,H.U.,M.Wjohnson and R.H.Fleming(19 61): The Oceans, their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.Charles E.Tuttle Co.,187pp. 3 (1978) (1) (1975): (1974) (1999) (1) (197) 8 4-5

14 Study on Dynamic Behavior of Macro-scale hydrological component in Inland Sea and surrounding land area Hajime AOI*, Shuichi IKEBUCHI and Humio YOSHINO** * Graduate School of Engineering,Kyoto University ** Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University Synopsis Taking the Inland Sea which seems to be heavily closed as object of study, we intend to get hold of the circulation of water widely including the region surrounding it, and to examinate what kind of influence each ingredient of the balance of water have upon both the phenomena of a land area and an ocean area or what kind of influence the balance of water of a land area have upon that of an ocean area. Besides we intend to examinate the fluid system based on the physical circulation of the Inland Sea. Keywords : macro water cycle, Seto Inland Sea, Evaporation,

倉田.indd

倉田.indd LAGUNA 33 6 7 LAGUNA p.33 6 7 Rising water level events in the Ohashi River, Shimane Prefecture. Kengo Kurata Abstract: Several periods of water level rise in the Ohashi River, Shimane Prefecture were