On the Relation between the Deictic Use and the Non-deictic Use of the Japanese Demonstratives SATOSHI KINSUI* This paper addresses the status of deix

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1 On the Relation between the Deictic Use and the Non-deictic Use of the Japanese Demonstratives SATOSHI KINSUI* This paper addresses the status of deixis and anaphoricity in Japanese demonstrative system.it has traditionally been claimed that the Japanese demostrative prefixes ko,so,and a all have both deictic and anaphoric usages.i shall argue that the core notion of ko,and a are deictic,in the sense that the expressions with these demonstrative prefixes make direct reference to an entity whose existence is recognized by the speaker prior to the discourse session in question,while that of so is not.i will show that even in cases in which they are treated as anaphoric both ko and a are theepisodic memory',whereas in the case of ko-series,the relevant entity is a"discourse topic'.the contrast between the "episodic memory'and the"discourse topic' can be characterized in terms of"remote'vs.'close',which are the key notions in characterizing the deictic usages of a and ko,thereby suggesting that the non-deictic usages of a-/ko-series are derived from their deictic usages.i further argue that the various usages of the so-series demonstratives can be best described by assuming

2 that so,unlike a and ko,does not refer an object by direct reference.i demonstrate in particular that the so-series cannot be used to directly refer to an entity whose existence is assumed by the speaker,while it can be used to refer to an entity that is introduced into the discourse by some linguistic expressions. The claim that so is non-`deictic' in nature is further supported by the observation that the so-series, but not a-/ko-series, allows a usage that cannot be expressed by"deixis',such as the distributive interpretation. KeyWords:demonstratives,Japanese,deixis,discourse topic,anaphoric use

23 Fillmore, Charles J.(1982)."Towards a Descriptive Framework for Spatial Deixis," R. J. Jarvella and Wolfgang Klein (eds.) Speech, Place and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related Topics, pp.31-59, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. Fauconnier, Gilles (1985). Mental Spaces, MIT Press. Hoji, Hajime (1991)."KARE," in Carol Georgopoulos and Roberta Ishihara (eds.), Interdisciplinary Approaches to Language: Essays in Honor of S.-Y. Kuroda, pp , Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht. Hoji, Hajime (1995)."Demonstrative Binding and Principle B," NELS 25, pp

24 Hoji, Hajime (1998)."Formal Dependency, Organization of Grammar, and Japanese Demonstratives," Japanese/Korean Linguistics Vol.7, pp , CSLI/SLA. Kamp, H.(1981)."A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation," in J. Groenendijk, T. M. V. Janssen and M. B. J. Stokhof.(eds.) Formal Methods in the Study of Language, Mathematical Centre Tracts 135: pp , 136: pp.1-41, Mathematisch Centrum: Amsterdam. Kaplan, D.(1971)."On the logic of Demonstratives," in P. French et al.(eds.) Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language, pp , University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kuno, Susumu (1973a). The Structure of the Japanese Language, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

25 Takubo, Yukinori and Satoshi Kinsui (1997)."Discourse Management in terms of mental spaces," Journal of Pragmatics 28, pp , Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Ueyama, Ayumi (1997). Two Types of Dependency, PhD dissertation, University of Southern California.

30 1 2015 6 pp.1-13. 216 1951 1

30 1 2015 6 pp.1-13. 216 1951 1 計量国語学アーカイブ ID KK300101 種別調査報告タイトルコソア使用個人差の実験的記述現場指示と非現場指示の関わり Title An Experimental Description of Deictic and Nondeictic Usages of Japanese Indexicals, ko -, so -,