Vol.4 No (Oct. 2018) Post-Truth 1,a) , xxxx 0 xx post-truth, post-truth, Information Literacy Education in the Post-Truth Era Haruhiko

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1 Post-Truth 1,a) , xxxx 0 xx post-truth, post-truth, Information Literacy Education in the Post-Truth Era Haruhiko Okumura 1,a) Received: June 22, 2018, Accepted: xx xx, xxxx Abstract: Information literacy education in the post-truth era, when emotion matters more than truth, is discussed. It is proposed that fact-checking be incorporated into educational activities, in order to emphasize the importance of objective facts rather than emotion and personal preferences. Various examples of fact-checking are described. The proposal coincides with the growing emphasis on data and data science by the new high-school math and informatics curricula. Keywords: information literacy education, post-truth era, fact-checking 1. Excel Excel 1 Excel 1 Excel [1] Twitter *1 1 2 *2 1 Mie University a) okumura@okumuralab.org *1 okumura/status/ * [2] *3 CSV *3 c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 1

2 WARP 1 29 WARP *4 Web *5 2. Post-Truth CC BY 2.0 [3] 2015 Web 2011 [4], [5], [6], [7] SNS 2016 EU 2016 EU 3.5 *4 *5 Internet Archive c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 2

3 2016 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year post-truth post-industrial society post-truth [8] McIntyre [9] SNS filter bubble 2016 DeNA WELQ * /12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 03/17 03/ ,286, ,811 Twitter Japan 3. fact checking 1994 Snopes * FactCheck.org * PolitiFact * GoHoo * NPO FIJ * 11 BuzzFeed * BuzzFeed Japan information * 13 * *6 Web SEO *7 *8 *9 *10 *11 *12 *13 * [10] * [12] [4], [5], [6], [7] * [11] c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 3

4 /12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 03/17 03/18 44,258 Twitter Japan 3 11 [4] NHK 11 22:10 23: :30 2:20 3:50 * [13] cc [14] * 17 *16 * [15] 5 12 [16] [17] post-truth TV SEO DeNA WELQ WELQ Google 2016 WELQ Google SEO MMR 1998 Lancet 2010 Graves [18] c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 4

5 0.8 Radiation Level (!Gy/h) /15 03/16 03/17 µgy/h µsv/h NHK 7 NHK µsv Bq/kg Sv/h HPV HPV WHO 70 % 1 % HPV [19] 3.3 cherry picking cherry picking 7 NHK [20] [21] µgy/h NHK µsv/h NHK Gy = Sv NHK [22] mg/l 0.01 mg/l STAP * 18 MMR *18 STAP c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 5

6 mg/l mg/l reproducibility crisis Open Science Collaboration [23] 39 % Ioannidis [24] p-hacking RCT RCT causal inference [25] [26] [27] 4. [28] * [30] 1 kg kg kg 2015 [31] NPO NHK *19 [29] c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 6

7 * [32] 30 [33] [34] 4.4 EM [35] [36] [37] I II I II I 2017 *20 Q&A index/35/ /files/libs/479/ pdf I [38] [1] Excel SSS2013 pp (2013). [2] Vol. 58 No. 10 pp (2017). [3] jp/jp/singi/it2/densi/ (2015). [4] SSS2011 pp (2011). [5] Vol. 52, No. 9, pp (2011). [6] Okumura, H.: The 3.11 Disaster and Data, Journal of Information Processing, Vol. 22, No. 4 (2014). [7] Vol. 57, No. 3, pp (2016). [8] (2017). [9] McIntyre, L.: Post-Truth, MIT Press (2018). [10] bousai.go.jp/kyoiku/kyokun/kyoukunnokeishou/rep/ 1923 kanto daishinsai 2/index.html (2008). [11] BuzzFeed News kotahatachi/what-happend ( ). [12] (1973). [13] /index.html ( ). [14] pdf ( ). [15] ( 604 ) // ( ). [16] // c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 7

8 ( ). [17] http: // html ( ). [18] Graves, C.: Why Debunking Myths About Vaccines Hasn t Convinced Dubious Parents, Harvard Business Review, (2015). [19] statement/index.html [20] NHK //www3.nhk.or.jp/news/genpatsu-fukushima/ houshasen/shinjuku/0313.html ( ). [21] post.html [22] toyosu/expert/ [23] Open Science Collaboration: Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science, Science, DOI: /science.aac4716 (2015). [24] Ioannidis, J. P. A.: Why Most Published Research Findings Are False, PLOS Medicine, DOI: /journal. pmed (2005). [25] (2017). [26] (2017). [27] (2015). [28] (2018). [29] p. 23. [30] p. 2. [31] p. 27. [32] (2015). [33] / ( ). [34] (2015). [35] BuzzFeed NEWS satoruishido/mext-edoshigusa ( ). [36] (2011). [37] jp/ okumura/stat/pendulum.html [38] Post-Truth 2017-CE-138 http: //id.nii.ac.jp/1001/ / (2017) c 2018 Information Processing Society of Japan 8

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