r 1 m A r/m i) t ii) m i) t B(t; m) ( B(t; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m ii) B(t; m) ( B(t; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m { ( = A 1 + r ) m } rt r m n = m r m n B

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1 r 1 m A r/m i) t ii) m i) t Bt; m) Bt; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m ii) Bt; m) Bt; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m { = A 1 + r ) m } rt r m n = m r m n Bt; m) Aert e lim n 1.1) n!1 n) e a 1, a 2, a 3,... {a n } n α α {a n } {a n } α n a n α 1.2) lim a n = α 1.3) n!1 1

2 1.1 a n = 1 2 n lim n!1 a n = a n = 2 n n a n n a n {a n } 1.3 a n = 1) n a n n 1 1 a 0 r a n = a 0 r n r < 1 lim n!1 a n = 0 r > 1 {a n } 1.1 lim n!1 a n+1 a n < 1 lim n!1 a n = 0 {a n } n a n β β {a n } n a n γ γ {a n } {a n } n a n a n+1 {a n } n a n a n+1 {a n } {a n } {b n } lim n!1 a n = a lim n!1 b n = b 1) {a n + b n } lim n!1 a n + b n ) = a + b 2) {a n b n } lim n!1 a n b n ) = ab 3) {a n /b n } lim n!1 a n /b n ) = a/b b 0 4) n a n b n a b 1.1 a n {a n } 1) 1/2) n 2) n + 1 n 3) n + 1 n 4) n 3 n 2

3 1.2 {a n } n S n S n = a 0 + a 1 + a a n {S n } ) S n n {S n } lim n!1 S n = s s S n = 1 + r + r r n 1.4) S n rs n 1.4) S n = 1 rn+1 1 r 1.5) r 1 1.5) r < 1 lim S n = 1 n!1 1 r ) r A A A Ar Ar 2 Y Y = A + Ar + Ar 2 + Ar < r < 1 A 1 1 r 3

4 1.3 x y fx) x y x y y = ax + b x = x 0 y = ax 0 + b y 0 ) x 0 x 0 + x y y = ax 0 + x) + b ) ax 0 + b) = a x x x 0 y x = a x x = a 2 2 y = x 2 + 2x + 4 x = 2 y = 4 x y x y y/ x) 1.1 y = x 2 + 2x + 4 Y x y y/ x X x x 4

5 x 0 x = 2 x 2 + x) x) ) x x 0 x = x2 + 6 x x = x + 6 x 0 ) fx 0 + h) fx 0 ) lim h!0 h 1.6) x 0 fx) )x 0 x 0 y = fx) y f x) dy dx df dx fx) a fa) = lim x!a fx) x = a fx) x = a a fa + h) fa) lim h!0 h h>0 fx) x = a 1.2 y = x = 0 lim h!0 h>0 fa + h) fa) lim h!0 h h<0 0+h 0 0+h 0 h lim h!0 h h<0 5

6 y = fx) x 0 y = ax + b y 0 = ax 0 + b = fx 0 ) 1.7) x 0 h x 0 + h ɛh) fx 0 + h) = ax 0 + h) + b + ɛh) 1.8) y x = fx 0 + h) fx 0 ) x 0 + h x 0 = ax 0 + ah + b + ɛh)) ax 0 + b) h ah + ɛh) = = a + ɛh) h h a = f ɛh) x 0 ) lim h!0 h = 0 ɛh) fx) x 1 > x 2 fx 1 ) fx 2 ) fx) x 1 > x 2 fx 1 ) fx 2 ) x f x) 0 fx) x f x) 0 fx) fx) a, b) [a, b] fa) fb) = f c)b a) c a, b) 6

7 1.4 i) a fx) = a x a f x) = 0 ii) n a n, a n 1,..., a 1, a 0 fx) = a n x n + a n 1 x n a 1 x 1 + a 0 n f x) = a n nx n 1 + a n 1 n 1)x n a 1 iii) fx) = x n n f x) = nx n 1 iv) n x = x x = x 1 fx) = e x e ) f x) = e x v) fx) = log f x) = 1 x fx) gx) fx) + gx) ) = f x) + g x) fx) gx) fx) gx) ) = f x) g x) 7

8 fx) gx) fx)gx) ) = f x)gx) + fx)g x) y = fu) u = gx) hx) = fgx)) f g hx) dh dx = df dg du dx X Y f y = fx) f i) y Y y = fx) x X ii) x 1, x 2 X x 1 x 2 fx 1 ) fx 2 ) f f 1 y = fx) x, y) X Y x = f 1 y) y = f 1 x) 1.3 f 1 x) ) = 1 f x) 1) 3x 3 + x 2 x + 5 2) e 3x+2 3) xe x 4) 3x+2 1 x+3 5) x 6) a x 7) log a x 1.4 1) x + e x 2) x x > 0 ) 8

9 1.5 n fx) 2 f x), f 2) x), n n 1 fx) n n d 2 f dx 2 f n) x), d n f dx n n fx) fx) = fa) + f a) 1! x a) + f a) 2! R n x) x a) 2 + f3) a) x a) fn 1) a) 3! n 1)! x a)n 1) + R n x) R n x) = fn) c) x a) n n! c fx) a I I x lim n!1 R n x) = 0 fx) = 1 f n x) n=0 n! x a) n fx) a 1.4 fx) = e x x = 0 e x ) n) = e x e x = e 0 + e0 e0 x 0) + 1! 2! x 0)2 + + e0 n! x 0)n + = ! x + 1 2! x n! xn fx) = e x x = ) f 1 x) = 1 + x f 2 x) = 1 + x x2 f 3 x) = 1 + x x x3 9

10 1.2 Y fx) f1 f2 f X 1.6 fx) x = x 0 εx 0 ) εx 0 ) = xf x) fx) p fp) = 4 p = 1 p = 4 p 2 p f p) = 8 p 3 p = 1 8 p = 4 1/8 p εp) = xf x) fx) = 2 p 2 10

11 y y t ft) = 1 1+e t = 0.5 t t y y y f t) = y t lim t!0 y = 1 ft) lim ft + t) ft) = f t) t!0 t ft) e t 1+e t ) 2 f t) ft) = 1 e t ) e t ) = e t 1 + e t e t t = 0.5 e e 0.5 log fx)) = f x) fx) 1.3 Y x t y t y = e t y 11

f(x) = x (1) f (1) (2) f (2) f(x) x = a y y = f(x) f (a) y = f(x) A(a, f(a)) f(a + h) f(x) = A f(a) A x (3, 3) O a a + h x 1 f(x) x = a

f(x) = x (1) f (1) (2) f (2) f(x) x = a y y = f(x) f (a) y = f(x) A(a, f(a)) f(a + h) f(x) = A f(a) A x (3, 3) O a a + h x 1 f(x) x = a 3 3.1 3.1.1 A f(a + h) f(a) f(x) lim f(x) x = a h 0 h f(x) x = a f 0 (a) f 0 (a) = lim h!0 f(a + h) f(a) h = lim x!a f(x) f(a) x a a + h = x h = x a h 0 x a 3.1 f(x) = x x = 3 f 0 (3) f (3) = lim h 0 (

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