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1 008/0/18 08:40-10:10, 1:50-14:0 14:30-16:00, 16:10-17:40,

2

3 1pt A

4 1911 Leiden Heike Kammelingh-Onnes

5 H.Kammelingh Onnes 1907 He 1 4. K

6

7

8 H H c T c T

9 H c Hg:40 mt, Pb:80 mt, Sn:30 mt 100 mt I c

10 H c

11 H c H c1 H H c H c T c T

12 H c H c T c H c

13 1957 BCS 10 K 10 K T c

14

15

16 I, Br, Ca, S, Li :C 6 I 4 O, C 6 I 6 : CsI, BiI :SnI 4 (O) (Fe) vol.38 No.1 (003) p69~8

17 vol.38 No.1 (003) p.69~8

18 NbTi Nb 3 Sn 50 SQUID

19 1911 Kammerlingh Onnes Kunzler Nb 3 Sn 6 T 15 T 0 T

20 NbTi Nb 3 Sn Tc

21 Nb 3 Ge

22 1986 IBM La -x Sr x CuO 4 La -x Ba x CuO 4 T c ~30 K

23

24 1987 YBa Cu 3 O 7-δ Tc 77K

25 Y O 3, BaO, CuO,

26 Bi Ca Sr Cu 3 O 10 Tl Hg H c MgB

27 YBa Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) Bi Ca Sr Cu 3 O 10 (Bi3)

28

29

30

31 T c H c I T

32 I

33 I

34 15 T GM Refrigerator 1st stage (30~50 K) Vacuum space High Tc SC lead (Bi 3) Radiation Shield Compressor SC Magnet

35 I

36 Bi3 Bi Ca Sr Cu 3 O 10

37

38

39

40 (Bi3) T c 110K

41 I c ( 4.mm x 0.mm 0.9mm ) 10A 10

42

43 BSCCO : 85% DI-BSCCO : 100%

44 Albany

45 DC LNG

46

47 NMR NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) B ω = γb proton) T I ω Bruker & Oxford 950 ~.3 T JEOL JASTEC 930 ~ T B 4 T

48 NIMS) JEOL JASTEC 930 ~ T NIMS

49

50 (1) 1mm (77K) 00A () (3) (4) 1,800m

51 800 1

52 ( )

53 (4K) 0K

54 1

55

56

57 P=πfε 0 ε r tanδ E f : ε 0 : ε r : tanδ : E :

58

59 eb ωc ( GHz) = = 8B(T) m

60

61

62

63

64 B 4 C B 4 C BN( (cubic) )

65 B 4 C,., B 4 C, (HIP) (SPS).,.. B 4 C, B 4 C

66 ,,,,.,,.

67 B 4 C, HIP.. He.,,.,,.,,,,.

68 ,,..,,,.,, ( ).,,, %, B4C 90%,.

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78 ~0.1% % ~10%

79 c Al 3+ O - Cr 3+

80 1891 Al O 3 Cr O cm

81 Al O 3 Cr O 3

82 Al O 3 Cr O 3

83

84

85 10-15 m m m

86 E = 1 mv e r

87 r e m p r e mv E 1 = = mv Q p = Schrödinger r e z y x m r e m p + + = = h H + + z y x

88 φ H φ = E r e z y x m r e m p + + = = h H

89 r e mr l r r dr m + + = h h H + + = x y y x z x x z y z z y l l φ H φ E = r e z y x m r e m p + + = = h H

90 r e mr l r r dr m + + = h h H ), ( ) ( ϕ θ φ Y r R = ) ( ) ( r R r e mr r r dr m r R + + = h λh H 1 ), ( ), ( ϕ θ ϕ θ Y Y = l H 18 19

91 ) ( ) ( r R r e mr r r dr m r R + + = h λh H 1 4 n me h = 1 E n=1,,3, n= n=1

92 H Y ( θ, ϕ) = l Y ( θ, ϕ) Y ( θ, ϕ) Y ( θ, ϕ) = Θ ( θ ) Φ ( ϕ) lm m l m

93 n, l, m, n= n= 3 n= E 1 4 me = h n n= 1 λ~130 nm λ nm

94 n=1,,3 l=s,p,d,f,. s: l=0, p: l=1, d: l=, X n=1 l=0 : s n= l=0, 1 : s,p, n=3 l=0, 1, : s,p,d

95 n=1,,3 l=s,p,d,f,. l=0:s, l=1:p, l=:d, H:1s 1, H + :1s 0, He:1s, Li:1s s 1, Be:1s s, B:1s s p 1,C:p,N:p 3,O:p 4,F:p 5, Nep 6 He:1s Li:1s s 1

96 Ne:1s s p 6 ( 10, Ar:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 ( 18, K:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s 1, Ca:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s, 3d 4s Sc:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 1 4s, Ti:3d 4s, V:3d 3 4s, Cr:3d 4 4s, Mn:3d 5 4s, Fe:3d 6 4s, Co:3d 7 4s, Ni:3d 8 4s, Cu:3d 9 4s, Zn:3d 10 4s

97

98 Al Al:1s s p 6 3s 3p 1 Al 3+ :1s s p 6 ( 13 ( 10 Ne O O:1s s p 4 ( 7 Ne O - :1s s p 6 ( 10 - Al +3 O - s p

99 Cr Cr:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 4 4s ( 4 Cr 3+ :1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 3 Al O 3 Cr O 3 Fe O 3 Al O 3 Cr 3+ Fe 3+

100 Cr 3+ :1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 3 3d l+1=5 Cr +3 s d p

101 Cr 3+ Al O 3

102 d d H 1 E = mv p = m e r e r h = m e r H h = m e r 6 + Ze R i i r n=3 l= (3d)

103 h H = m 6 Ze R i i r e r 6 + Ze R i i r Y ( θ, ϕ) = Θ ( θ ) Φ ( ϕ) lm m n=3 l= (3d)

104 n= n= 3 n= E 1 n= 4 me = h n n= 5 n= λ~130 4 nm l= (3d) n= 1 n= 3 λ~400 nm ~700 nm

105 n= n= 3

106 Be 3 Al Si 6 O 18 Cr 3+

107 Ca(PO 3 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

108

109 (D) (T) D + D -> He3 + n MeV D + D -> T + n MeV

110

111 Au: 4f 14 5s 5p 6 5d 10 5f 0 6s

112 Au: 4f 14 5s 5p 6 5d 10 5f 0 6s + +

113

114 E = E exp( iω ) 0 t m&& x = ee ee0 x = mω N P = enx = Ne mω E 0

115 Ne P = enx = E 0 D = εe = E + P mω Ne ε ( ω) = 1 mω ω < ω p ω > ω p ω p = 1 ω ω = p Ne m ε ε

116 P P

117 P - +

118 on.html

119 [ ] G.Mie, "Beitrage zur Optik truber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallosungen", Annalen Physik, 5, (1908). Mie J.C.Maxwell-Garnett, "Colours in Metal Glasses and in Metallic Films", Phylosophical Transactions, 30, (1904). Maxwell-Garnett C.A.Foss, Jr., G.L.Hornyak, J.A.Stockert, and C.R.Martin, "Template- Synthesized Nanoscopic Gold Particles: Optical Spectra and the Effects of Particle Size and Shape", Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, (199). P.B.Johnson and R.W.Christy, "Optical Constants of the Noble Metals", Physical Review B 6, (197).

120

121 3

122

123 1100~1300ºC

124

125 Al Si O 5 (OH) 4

126

127 1616

128

129

130 - - 1, : : :

131

132 6 α-fe O 3

133 17 α-feooh 17

134 18

135 1707

136 FeS +(Fe 11 S 1 ~Fe 7 S 8 ) +O FeSO 3 +SO 3 +SO +O FeSO 3 +H O Fe + +SO 4 - +H O Fe + +SO 4 - +H O FeSO 4 7H O FeSO 4 7H O FeSO 4 H O 700 1~ FeSO 4 H O α-fe O 3 +SO 3 +SO +MSO 4

137 FeSO 4 H O α-fe O 3 +SO 3 +SO +MSO 4 PbO-SiO, B O 3 -SiO, PbO-B O 3 -SiO

138 10%~5%

139

140

141 a)fe O 3 b)fe O 3 c)fe O 3

142

143

144 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 % 760 Fe O 3 5% % %

145 Fe O 3 Fe O 3

146 Fe O 3 10~ Fe O 3 Fe O 3 Fe O 3

147 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 S1 660 S: 700 S3 800 S4 900 α Fe O 3 0%

148 S1 0.05µ m S 0.05µ m S3 0.15µ m S4 0.5µ m

149 Fe O α Fe O 3 0% µm 0.1 µm 0.5 µm 0.3 µm

150

151 Fe O α Fe O 3 0%

152 Fe O 3

153 α

154

155 α-fe O 3

156 α-fe O 3 α-fe O 3 α-fe O 3

157 vol.59, No1, (006)

158

159 a 100

160 Fe O 3

161 150 µ α-al O 3 1µm 0.3µm α-al O 3 c: 1 /min

162 4

163 1pt A

Ni PLD GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 x 2 6

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1 1 H Li Be Na M g B A l C S i N P O S F He N Cl A e K Ca S c T i V C Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se B K Rb S Y Z Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb T e No. 1 1 1 H Li Be Na M g B A l C S i N P O S F He N Cl A e K Ca S c T i V C Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se B K Rb S Y Z Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb T e I X e Cs Ba F Ra Hf Ta W Re Os I Rf Db Sg Bh

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