1793 Detailed Distributions of Seismic Intensity and Tsunami Heights of the Kansei off Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake of February 17, 1793 Yuichi NAMEGA

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1 1793 Detailed Distributions of Seismic Intensity and Tsunami Heights of the Kansei off Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake of February 17, 1793 Yuichi NAMEGAYA, Yoshinobu TSUJI, Kazue UEDA Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan In the recent years, several kinds of old documents about the 1793 Kansei Sanriku Earthquake-Tsunami have been found out. On the basis of these materials, we newly estimated the distribution of seismic intensity. The area of seismic intensity 5 covers the whole territory of Miyagi prefecture, and extends to the southern part of Iwate prefecture and to the northern part of Fukushima Prefecture, which suggests that the pattern of the seismic intensity is similar to that of the 1978 Miyagi-Oki earthquake. We also found out many descriptions of the tsunamis in the documents. On the basis of those descriptions about tsunami inundation, we made a field survey measuring tsunami run-up height at 11 points. We found out that tsunami run-up height was 5.9 meters at Toni in Kamaishi city. As we can not explain the generation of such a large tsunami by the fault model like the 1978 Miyagi-Oki earthquake, so we should consider additional fault offshore to explain the measured tsunami km

2 km 80km

3 km km [ 1998 ]

4 1 Fig.1. Distribution of the seismic intensity in JMA scale of the 1793 Kansei earthquake.

5 3. Fig.3. Detailed distribution of the seismic intensity of the Kansei Earthquake in Fukushima 2. prefecture. Fig.2. Detailed distribution of the seismic intensity of the 1793 Kansei earthquake in Miyagi prefecture Fig.4. Distribution of the seismic intensity of the 1978 Miyagi-Oki earthquake by Usami, m 2.6m 2.4m 4.2m 4.6m

6 m 3m 2m Fig.5. Eleven newly survey points inundated TP heights of the Kansei tsunami cm 13 +8cm 17 +5cm cm cm cm 10cm MSL TP 2.7m MSL 70cm

7 km m MSL cm 30-40cm 200m 1.0m m MSL 1km 40 MSL+0.23m 0.10m 2.16m 10cm 2.3m MSL 1. Photo.1. Typical house at Orikasa m 6. Fig.6. Detailed map of Hosoura and Orikasa, Yamada town.

8 Photo.2. Buried stairs at Tsukiyomi shrine, Mizu-umi village TP m TP m 4.6m TP 1.3m 5.9m TP 7. Fig.7. Detailed map of Ryoishi and Mizu-umi, 8 Kamaishi City. 1933

9 8. Fig.8. Detailed map of Hongo, Toni, Kamaishi City m Photo.3. Small stone shrine at Sunako-hama. The bottom of this photo is as high as the wharf of 9 Sunako-hama m m 10cm 3.9m MSL m TP 9. 40cm 2.45m Fig.9. Detailed map of Sunako-hama, Ofunato City. 2.0m 4.5m TP

10 m TP m 5.50m 10cm 2.6m TP m Fig.10. Detailed map of Ryori, Ofunato City. 8m 592 JR 1.2km m TP 1.5m 10cm 1.6m TP 3km Fig.11. Locations of Nagasuka, Atsura-ishi, and Osabe-minato, Rikuzen-Takata City.

11 m cm m 60cm m 1.2m 5.0m TP 0.9m m 0.9m 5.0m TP Fig.12. Detailed map of Ogachi Town. 4.6m 4. Photo.4. Typical house at Osabe-minato, Rikuzen- Takata City. 3.15m cm +15cm 3.8m MSL 40cm cm 1.0m 60cm 5.4m MSL

12 Photo.5. The floor of the house is 60~100cm above Fig.13. Detailed map of Kobuchi, Oshika Town, the ground, and the ground is at 40cm higher Miyagi Prefecture. level than the road surface in Ogachi Town m m cm +15cm 2.3m MSL m MSL 4~5m 4.3m cm cm 38cm 120cm cm 25cm

13 Fig.14. Distribution of the inundated heights of the tsunami of the 1793 Kansei earthquake. White and black circles, and stars show estimated tsunami heights given by Hatori(1987), Tsuji and Ueda(1995), and the present study, respectively.

14 , Fig.15. Detailed distribution of the inundated heights of the Kansei tsunami. The meaning of the markes is the same as Fig.14.

15 A B B 2 B A B B B 4 B B

16 16 Fig.16. Distributions of the seismic intensity of the five earthquakes, which occurred in the sea region off Sanriku coasts and Miyagi prefecture B 1978 B gal A 1981 B 2 400gal gal

17 M7.0 4 M M7.8 A B 4 100km B A A 17 A B 17 Fig.17. Estimated locations of the fault planes of the 1793 Kansei earthquake, by the present study Fig.18. Distribution of the tsunami height of the 1981 Miyagiken-Toho-Oki earthquake Hatori

18 1990 5m pp pp II 189 pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp. HatoriT., 1981Tsunami Sources in the Sanriku 2002 Region in 1979 and 1981 Northeastern 583 pp. Japan-Seismic Gap off Miyagi, Bull. Earthq. Res pp. Inst., 56, pp

19 1. ( ) Table.1. Descriptions of the old documents, from which the seismic intensities (JMA) were derived. 鷧

20 2. Table.2. Tsunami heights of the survey of the Kansei tsunami newly given by the present study.

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