Analysis of Hypoxia Dynamics Using Pelagic and Benthic Biogeochemical Model: Focus on the Formation and Release of Hydrogen Sulfide Masayasu IRIE, Shu

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1 Analysis of Hypoxia Dynamics Using Pelagic and Benthic Biogeochemical Model: Focus on the Formation and Release of Hydrogen Sulfide Masayasu IRIE, Shuzo NISHIDA, Kyosuke TERANAKA, Yohei TSUJI Mitsunari HIRASAWA, Toshiharu FUJIWARA and Miyuki NAKASUJI A field survey and laboratory analyses of sediment quality in the eastern part of Osaka Bay are carried out to clarify their characteristics and influence on the dynamics of hypoxia. Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycling in the coastal water and sediment are modeled with a focus on the formation of hydrogen sulfide in hypertrophic sediment and its release to the bottom water. In the calculated results the oxygen consumption in the bottom water by the release of sulfide is much larger than the direct oxygen consumption by the sediment in the northern port of the bay. Without the release of sulfide, the hypoxic water area would be estimated to be limited in and near the port area of the head of the bay. The wide spreading of hypoxia in the eastern part of the bay would be contributed largely by the sulfide release. 1. a DO ΣH 2 S 1997b ph ORPΣH 2 S ΣH 2 S 2008 ΣH 2 S ΣH 2 S COD Fossing2004 3

2 a CTD AAQ1183 DOHydrolab QuantaG a DO b S1 S2 S3 S4 11cm 10.6cm 25 30cm 0 2cm 2 5cm 5 10cm 10 15cm 15 20cm 20 25cm POM Princeton Ocean Modelσ 20 1km500m 2 32 COD DO 8 ΣH 2 S 2004 Fossing2004 Soetaert1996 Wijsman2002 Soetaert1996 Mn 2+ Fe 2+ ΣH 2 S CH 4 Fossing2004 Wijsman2002 Anggara Kasih2009Fossing

3 2 O 2 NO - 3 SO 2-4 NH + 4 Mn 2+ Fe 2+ ΣH 2 S CH 4 PO 3-4 3MnO 2 Fe OH 3 FeS FeS 2 HS - ΣH 2 S Fe 2+ FeS 1 R SO4red R m 1/day MM Ks SO4 SO 4 µmol/l K inm M µmol/l SO 4 2- H 2 S 12 1cm 25 2 x y N/P C/P Wijsman cm 1cm MnO 2 Fe OH 3 FeS FeS NH 4 - N S1 S3 S2 S4T-N PO 4 -PNH 4 -N NP 2005 S3 ΣH 2 S S1 S3 S1 S1 S35 10cm 10 15cm

4 4. 3 mg/l SO 2-4 SO 2-4 S1 2 15cm S4 S1NH 4 -N PO 4 -P ΣH 2 S SO 2-4 S1 NH 4 -N PO 4 -P S2 ΣH 2 S SO 2-4 S3 ΣH 2 S Fe OH 3 FeS 2 DO cm DO DO 3mg/l DO DO DO 5mg/l DO ΣH 2 S DO5 ΣH 2 S ΣH 2 S DO ΣH 2 S

5 S1 ΣH 2 S S1 S3 ΣH 2 S S S4 ΣH 2 S S2 ΣH 2 S FeS ΣH 2 S NH 4 -N ΣH 2 S S1 S3 ΣH 2 S S2S4 S2 S Vol. 24 pp B2 Vol. B2-65 No. 1 pp pp pp pp p pp Arjen Markus pp pp pp research/project/05d-saitaku/data/ s1.pdf pp pp p. Anggara Kasih, G.A., S. Chiba, Y. Yamagata, Y. Shimizu, K. Haraguchi(2009): Numerical model on the material circulation for coastal sediment in Ago Bay, Japan, Journal of Marine Systems, 77, pp Fossing, H., P. Berg, B. Thamdrup, S. Rysgaard, H.M. Sorensen and K.A. Nielsen(2004): Model set-up for an oxygen and nutrient flux for Aarhus Bay(Denmark), National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) Technical Report No. 483, Ministry of the Environment, Denmark. 65 pp. Soetaert, K., Herman, P. M. J. & Middelburg, J. J. (1996) : A model of early diagenetic processes from the shelf to abyssal depths, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, Wijsman, J. W. M., P. M. J. Herman, J. J. Middelburg and K. Soetaert (2002): A Model for Early Diagenetic Processes in Sediments of the Continental Shelf of the Black Sea Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54, pp

2008 3. 2 1 2 2001 9 2004 6 2005 8 3 7 8 2002 3 2005 4 1999 2002 2005 2 HydroQual Inc. POM ECOMSED RCA 41km 20 Smagorinsky Mellor-Yamada 3 24 C N P 2

2008 3. 2 1 2 2001 9 2004 6 2005 8 3 7 8 2002 3 2005 4 1999 2002 2005 2 HydroQual Inc. POM ECOMSED RCA 41km 20 Smagorinsky Mellor-Yamada 3 24 C N P 2 II Influence Analyses of Kuroshio Meandering on Nutrient Behavior in and around Osaka Bay Yusuke NAKATANI and Shuzo NISHIDA In an enclosed bay, it is pointed out that not only terragenic but also oceanic