Estimation of Photovoltaic Module Temperature Rise Motonobu Yukawa, Member, Masahisa Asaoka, Non-member (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.) Keigi Takahara, Me

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1 Estimation of Photovoltaic Module Temperature Rise Motonobu Yukawa, Member, Masahisa Asaoka, Non-member (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.) Keigi Takahara, Member (Okinawa Electric Power Co.,Inc.) Toshimitsu Ohshiro, Member (Japan Quality Assurance Organization) Kosuke Kurokawa, Member (Electrotechnical Laboratory) The photovoltaic module temperature rise is expressed by an approximate equation of solar irradiance, wind direction and velocity. For this purpose, the experimental data were collected from the 750kW test equipment over 2 years. The data were averaged for 30 minutes periods and divided into monthly groups. Wind directions were classified into 4 categories corresponding to the ranges within }45 degrees of north, south, east and west, and wind velocities into sections of 1 m/s. The correlation between module temperature rise and solar irradiance was used to obtain an approximate equation on wind direction and velocity for the standard solar irradiance(l.okw/ m2). By relating this equation to a linear function regarding solar irradiance, an approximate equation for module temperature rise was derived. The temperature rise calculated by using this approximate equation was compared with measurements. As much as 82 percent of the calculations are within } 2 Ž of the corresponding measurement, while 96 percent fall within } 4 Ž. This suggests that the approximate equation will be sufficiently accurate to evaluate averages over relatively long periods, such as for calculation of system efficiency and simulation.

2 Fig.1 Layout of Array Field Fig.2 Array Structure, Module and Location of Thermocouple 1102 T. IEE Japan, Vol. 116-B, No. 9, '96

3 Fig.3 Module Temperature Rise Characteristics obtained by Calculating Thermal Transmission. Measurements at Miyako Island are also indicated.

4 Fig.4 Relationship between Module Temperature Rise and Solar Irradiance. Wind Direction Category: North, Wind Velocity Section:3m/s, Oct T.IEE Japan, Vol. 116-B, No. 9,'96

5 Table.1 Relationship between Module Temperature Rise and Wind Velocity, at Standard Solar Irradiance of 1.OkW/m2 Fig.5 Example of Monthly Fluctuations in Module Temperature Rise for Wind Velocity of 3m/s and Standard Solar Irradiance(1.OkW/m2). Fig.6 Relationship between Module Temperature Rise and Wind Velocity at Standard Solar Irradiance of 1.OkW/ m2. The Module Temperature Rise is the Average for Two Years.

6 Fig.7 Histogram Comparing Module Temperature Rise Calculated using Approximate Equation with Measurements T. IEE Japan, Vol. 116-B, No. 9, '96

7 Table.2 Main Difference of Test Equipments at Miyako Island and Hamamatsu Fig.8 Module Temperature Rise Comparison of Approximations with Measurements for the Test Equipments at Miyako Island and Hamamatsu.

8 (1) J.M.Servant; "Calculation of the Cell Temperature for Photovoltaic Modules from Climatic Data", K INTERSOL 85 Vol.3 (USA) JICST E (3) T.Schott; "Operation Temperatures of PV Modules - a Theoretical and Experimental Approach", K th EC Photovoltaic Sol. Energy Conf OLD), JICST E (4) L.Wen; "Thermal Performance of Residential Photovoltaic Arrays", P998A US DOE Rep.(USA) [CONF , JICST E Generation System for Small Islands", 1994 IEEE First World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the Twenty Fourth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Cnnference T. IEE Japan, Vol. 116-B, No. 9, '96

9 Table.3 Value of A in the Approximate Function Table.4 Temperature for Calculating Value of B

10

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