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- たみじろう ささおか
- 4 years ago
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1 2005 1
2 VSWR VSWR (MF) PIAA PIFA Width Depth Height distance
3 A B
4 GPS (4G) GPS 3 (1)2 (2) (3) 1
5 2 2.1 (FEM: Finite Element Method) (FDTD : Finite Difference Time Domain method) (MoM: Method of Moments) WIPL-D R.F.Harrington 1: (a) (b) (c) 1(a) L a z d 1[V] λ (a λ)/200) z
6 z Ez i E z (J z ) = E i z (1) 2 d E i z = { E i z ( d 2 z d 2 ) 0 ( L 2 z g 2, g 2 z L 2 ) (2) ( ) Ez i E z(j z ) J z z (1) 1(b) M+1 M z = L (3) M + 1 M=3 1(b) 0 4 n=1,2,3 J z (z ) 2 (2 z) M J zn (z ) I n J z (z ) = M n=1 I n J zn (z ) (4) z z sin[k 0 (z z n 1 )] J zn (z SN (z n 1 z z n ) sin[k ) = 0 (z n+1 z )] SN (z n z z n+1 ) 0 otherwise k 0 = 2π λ (6) SN = sin(k 0 z) (7) 1(b) I n a λ z J zn m z E m z (5) E m z = j30 SN [exp( jk 0r n 1 ) R n 1 CS exp( jk 0r n ) R n + exp( jk 0r n+1 ) R n+1 ] (8) CS = 2cos(k 0 z) R 2 n 1 = a 2 + (z z n 1 ) 2 R 2 n = a 2 + (z z n ) 2 R 2 n+1 = a 2 + (z z n+1 ) 2 3
7 L 2 < E(z),J w (z) >= E(z) J w (z)dz (9) L 2 E(z) J z (z ) J w (z) a z (1) δ (8) (9) (8) J zm (m = 1,2, ) E z -Ez i ẑ z M n=1 I n < ẑe z (J zn ),ẑj zm >=< ẑe i z,ẑj zm > (m = 1,2,,M) (10) M 1 M Z mn I n = V m (m = 1,2,,M) (11) n=1 [Z][I] = [V ] (12) (12) [Z] M M [I] [V] 1 M [Z] Z mn z m 1,z m+1 z n 1,z n+1 2 z 2 z m z n Z mn (10) zm Z mn = sink 0 (z z m 1 ) z m 1 SN zm+1 sink 0 (z m+1 z) E z (z)dz z m SN (13) Ez m (z) z J zn (13) I n (11) (4) 1/I n [1][2][3] 4
8 2.2 Z Z = R + jx (14) R X X X S (S 11 ) S S = u + jv (15) S Z S = Z 1 Z + 1 Z Z = 1 + S 1 S (15) (17) (16) (17) 1 + (u + jv) Z = 1 (u + jv) (1 + u) + jv = (1 u) jv {(1 + u) + jv}{(1 u) + jv} = {(1 u) jv}{(1 u) + jv} = 1 u2 v 2 (1 u) 2 + v 2 + j 2v (1 u) 2 + v 2 (18) R = 1 u2 v 2 2v (1 u) 2 + v 2 X = (1 u) 2 + v 2 (19) 5
9 2.3 VSWR Z 0 Z L Z 0 = Z L Z 0 Z L V min V max V min V max VSWR = V max V min (20) V f V r Γ Γ = V r V f = Z L Z 0 Z L + Z 0 (21) Γ 1 VSWR 2 VSWR = 1 + Γ 1 Γ Γ (22) (23) 33% 11% Z 0 Z L Γ = Z L Z 0 Z L + Z 0 = 0 (24) VSWR= 1 Γ = 1 VSWR= [4] 6
10 2.4 VSWR 2 (21) Γ Γ = Z L Z 0 Z L + Z 0 Z 0 = 50 + j0 [Ω] Z L = R + jx [Ω] Γ = (R + jx) (50 + j0) (R + jx) + (50 + j0) = (R 50) + jx (R + 50) + jx (25) = (R 50) 2 + X 2 ) (R X 2 ) (26) (23) VSWR 2 Γ (R 50)2 + X 2 (R + 50) 2 + X (27) 9{(R 50) 2 + X 2 } (R + 50) 2 + X 2 (28) VSWR=1 R=50,X=0 VSWR=2 R=50[Ω] X X=0[Ω] R 7
11 (i) R=50[Ω] R=50 (28) 9X 2 = X 2 X 2 = 1250 X ±35.4 (29) 2 R=50Ω X 2: VSWR VSWR (ii)x=0[ω] X=0 (28) 9(R 50) 2 = (R + 50) 2 R = 25,100 (30) 3 X=0Ω R VSWR 3: VSWR (29) (30) VSWR 2 25 R 100 X < VSWR 2 4: R X VSWR 8
12 2.5 5 VSWR VSWR 2 f 1 f 2 f 0 f 0 = f 1 + f 2 2 (31) (Bandwidth) BW = f 2 f 1 f [%] (32) 5: 2.6 xy y 6 7 E z H x E x H z z z Ez Hz x Hx y x Ex y 6: 7: 9
13 2.7 (MF) (MF: Matching Factor) 8 VSWR 2 MF VSWR 2 VSWR [5] 8: VSWR f 2 V SWR( f ) f = f MF = 1 M VSWR (33) MF = f2 f 1 V SWR( f )d f f (34) f 1 VSWR 2 f 2 M VSWR 2 f MF 1 MF 2 10
14 : ( ) 2 (MMSE: Minimum Mean Square Error) SNR (MSN: Maximum Signal-to-Noise ratio) (DCMP: Directional Constrained Minimization of Power) (PI: Inversion) (CMA: Constant Modulus Algorithm) [6] 11
15 3 PIAA (PIAA: Power Inversion Adaptive Array) ( -1) PIAA SIR 2 PIAA [7][8] [9][10] L1,L2 w1,w2 ti Z L1 ti = [1,0] T w1,w2 10: 12
16 GHz 4GHz XZ SIR -20dB 100 φ=0[ ],θ=-90[ ] φ=0[ ],θ=30[ ] 11: λ/4 L Z L Z L1 Z L1 = 50[Ω] Z L2 = [Ω] px=37.5[mm],py=50[mm] S 2GHz S=12.5mm(λ/12) 4GHz S=25mm(λ/3) 12: 13
17 [V] 50[V] Z L1,Z L2 1 2 Z L µA - j182.5µa -1.08mA + j1.42ma Z L µA - j85.25µa -2.19mA + j783.5µa 1: (2GHz) Z L µA - j0.12µa µA - j153.2µa Z L µA - j41.09µa 10.59µA - j790.5µa 2: (4GHz) 100 PI w 1 w 2 Re Im Re Im w : (2GHz) w 1 w 2 Re Im Re Im w : (4GHz) 14
18 : PIAA 2.89[dBi] 2.46[dBi] -1.11[dBi] [dBi] 4.00[dB] 18.04[dB] 5: (2GHz) PIAA [dBi] -1.87[dBi] -3.22[dBi] [dBi] [dB] 9.21[dB] 6: (4GHz) 2[GHz] 4.00[dB] 18.04[dB] 14.04[dB] 4[GHz] [dB] 9.21[dB] 20.56[dB] 15
19 : 20dB 20dB 18.04dB : -10dB 16
20 -10dB 20.36dB θ= : 17: 75 15dB θ=-75 θ=-45 2 θ=-90 17
21 4 IMT-2000 LAN 4 [11][12] [13] 2 [14] mm Γ 25mm Γ Antenna1 Antenna2 18: 18
22 px=20mm,py=45mm Antenna1,Antenna2 VSWR : VSWR 20: Antenna GHz Antenna GHz VSWR %,36.6% 1.72GHz 3.62GHz 71.2% 4 VSWR 19
23 [V] [ma] 22 ( 1) : (Antenna1) 22: 23: (Antenna1) 4 6 Antenna1 2 Γ Γ 20
24 24 Antenna2 1[V] [ma] 25 ( 4) : (Antenna2) 25: 26: (Antenna2) Antenna1 2 Γ Γ 21
25 4.2.3 Antenna1 1.86GHz,2.12GHz,2.41GHz XY 27 XZ 28 27: XY (Antenna1) 28: XZ (Antenna1) XY XZ Γ 22
26 Antenna2 2.67GHz,3.06GHz,3.39GHz XY 29 XZ 30 29: XY (Antenna2) 30: XZ (Antenna2) XY Y XY XZ Antenna1,Antenna2 -x (5mm) Antenna1,Antenna2 23
27 4.3 py Antenna1 VSWR 31 Antenna2 VSWR 32 31: (Antenna1) 32: (Antenna2) py py 7 py=45mm Antenna1 Antenna2 VSWR 2 py[mm] Antenna1 Antenna GHz(6.1%) GHz(31.8%) GHz(16.3%) GHz(36.9%) GHz(38.1%) GHz(36.6%) GHz(39.6%) GHz(15.6%) & GHz(11.9%) GHz(39.6%) GHz(10.1%) 7: py 24
28 4.4 Antenna1,Antenna Antenna1 VSWR 33: (Antenna1 VSWR ) 34: (Antenna1 ) Antenna GHz R,X 1.9GHz 2.4GHz R,X 2 VSWR 25
29 35 36 Antenna2 VSWR 35: (Antenna2 VSWR ) 36: (Antenna2 ) Antenna GHz R 50[Ω] X 0[Ω] 3.5GHz 2.7GHz 2 26
30 5 8 NTT Docomo,vodafone GHz VSWR 2 [MHz] [MHz] NTT Docomo vodafone au : ( ) 1.94GHz 2.17GHz PIFA 1mm Plate1 Plate2 Plate1 55mm 40mm Plate2 60mm 40mm Plate2 Plate1 (OPEN ) F (PIFA) Γ (CLOSE ) Γ 37: 27
31 5.2 PIFA 38 PIFA py=55mm px=40mm PIFA H[mm] PIFA D[mm] W[mm] d[mm] W=26[mm],D=10[mm],H=6[mm],d=4[mm] 38: 28
32 5.2.1 Width PIFA W VSWR MF 39: Width VSWR 40: Width (R) 41: Width (X) W[mm] f 1 [GHz] f 2 [GHz] f 0 [GHz] BW[%] MF : PIFA MF 39 W W=29mm MF 1.44 MF 29
33 5.2.2 Depth PIFA D VSWR MF 42: Depth VSWR 43: Depth (R) 44: Depth (X) D[mm] f 1 [GHz] f 2 [GHz] f 0 [GHz] BW[%] MF : PIFA MF 42 D D=12mm MF 1.46 MF PIFA MF 30
34 5.2.3 Height H VSWR MF 45: Height VSWR 46: Height (R) 47: Height (X) H[mm] f 1 [GHz] f 2 [GHz] f 0 [GHz] BW[%] MF : MF 45 H H=5mm MF
35 5.2.4 distance d VSWR MF 48: distance VSWR 49: distance (R) 50: distance (X) d[mm] f 1 [GHz] f 2 [GHz] f 0 [GHz] BW[%] MF : MF 48 d d=6mm MF d R 32
36 PIFA MF Width+Depth 51 W VSWR MF 51: VSWR W*D[mm] f 1 [GHz] f 2 [GHz] f 0 [GHz] BW[%] MF 11* * * * * : MF 51 MF + PIFA W=26mm,D=10mm 33
37 52: (R) 53: (X) 34
38 5.3 40mm 15mm PIFA PIFA PIFA VSWR 54 VSWR 1.94GHz 2.17GHz VSWR 2 50[Ω] 54: 55 VSWR VSWR VSWR 14 PIFA Γ 1.94GHz R 130[Ω] VSWR GHz Γ VSWR f 0 [GHz] BW[%] V SWR L V SWR H PIFA GHz % PIFA+Γ (PIFA ) GHz % PIFA+Γ (Γ ) GHz % : PIFA MF 35
39 55: PIFA VSWR 56: PIFA (R) 57: PIFA (X) 36
40 (CLOSE ) VSWR 2 10mm Γ 58 10mm A[mm] B[mm] 58: A B=5[mm] A dB VSWR=2 2.06GHz CLOSE XZ E φ 60 YZ E θ A A YZ A=18mm 7.4dB(5.5 ) B A=20[mm] B GHz CLOSE XZ E φ 63 YZ E θ B B B=4mm 6.5dB(4.5 ) 37
41 59: A 60: A (XZ,E φ ) 61: A (YZ,E θ ) 38
42 62: B 63: B (XZ,E φ ) 64: B (YZ,E θ ) 39
43 s VSWR GHz CLOSE XZ E φ 67 YZ E θ 68 s MF s VSWR s VSWR s=15[mm] 65: 66: s VSWR 40
44 67: s (XZ,E φ 68: s (YZ,E θ ) 41
45 VSWR 38[mm] Γ 10[mm] 26[mm], 6[mm] PIFA 35[mm] Γ OPEN PIFA Γ CLOSE Γ 69: 42
46 5.6.2 Γ OPEN CLOSE PIFA VSWR MF 15 70: VSWR f 0 [GHz] BW[%] V SWR L V SWR H OPEN GHz % CLOSE GHz % PIFA GHz % : MF 71: (R) 72: (X) GHz R 1.9GHz VSWR 2 VSWR 3 43
47 GHz,2.06GHz,2.17GHz [ma] : 74: 75: GHz GHz 44
48 PIFA,OPEN,CLOSE XZ YZ 16 OPEN CLOSE : (PIFA ) OPEN CLOSE [dbi] [dbi] [db] [dbi] [dbi] [db] XZ(1.94GHz) 1.56(30 ) 1.82(330 ) -0.23dB 3.65(75 ) -4.28(260 ) 7.93dB XZ(2.06GHz) 2.48(30 ) 2.75(330 ) -0.27dB 2.79(65 ) -3.43(330 ) 6.22dB XZ(2.17GHz) 2.50(30 ) 2.77(330 ) -0.27dB 2.48(65 ) -1.11(330 ) 3.59dB YZ(1.94GHz) -0.43(130 ) 1.68(225 ) -2.11dB 3.88(105 ) -4.23(280 ) 8.11dB YZ(2.06GHz) -0.21(90 ) 1.22(225 ) -1.43dB 3.05(105 ) -2.69(225 ) 5.74dB YZ(2.17GHz) 0.61(100 ) 0.98(230 ) -0.37dB 2.71(105 ) -1.13(230 ) 3.84dB 16: OPEN CLOSE 76 PIFA 340 E φ E θ OPEN XZ 10dB OPEN 0dB CLOSE 3.6dB 7.9dB YZ OPEN 0 1[dBi] CLOSE [dBi] 3.8dB 8.1dB 45
49 77: (OPEN ) 78: (CLOSE ) 46
50 6 2 L 1 (PIAA) 2GHz 4.00[dB] PIAA 18.04[dB] 14.04[dB] 4GHz [dB] 9.21[dB] 20.56[dB] 75 Γ Antenna1 Antenna GHz VSWR % 4 VSWR Antenna1 1.9GHz Γ 2.4GHz VSWR Antenna2 2.7GHz 3.5GHz Γ VSWR VSWR PIFA Γ VSWR OPEN CLOSE PIFA VSWR 3 VSWR 2 PIFA Γ OPEN XZ 10dB CLOSE 3.6dB 7.9dB 47
51 48
52 [1],,,,, [2], F, 2002, [3],, 2002, [4], B,, [5] Z.N.Chen and M.Y.W.Chia, Broadband Suspended Plate Antenna with Probe-fed Strip, IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol.148, Feb [6],,, [7],, 2 L, 2004, B-1-209, [8] A. Ikeda and K. Hirasawa, A Power Inversion Flat Adaptive Array with Two Inverted-L Elements, IEEE International Conference on Communications Systems, 3P-03-01, Singapore, September [9] R.T.Compton, ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS: Concepts and Performance, Prentice Hall, pp , Jan [10],,, - -,, No.34, [11],, 2002, [12],,,, 2003, B-1-150, [13],,, 2003, B-1-109, [14],,, 2004, B-1-77,
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MKT-TAISEI Co.,Ltd. CONTENTS はやぶさ と共に燃え尽きた アンテナ アンテナ 2.45GHz 4 パッチアンテナ UHF 帯アンテナ 2.4GHz フラットアンテナ 22.5GHz/24GHz/26.5GHz マイクロストリップアレーアンテナ 3 4 5 antenna_contents-04 アンテナ ANTENNA 製品例 2.45GHz 4 Patch Antenna
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14 2 5 i ii Surface Reconstruction from Point Cloud of Human Body in Arbitrary Postures Isao MORO Abstract We propose a method for surface reconstruction from point cloud of human body in arbitrary postures.
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ELECTRONIC IMAGING IN ASTRONOMY Detectors and Instrumentation 5 Instrumentation and detectors 4 2017/5/10 Contents 5.4 Interferometers 5.4.1 The Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) 5.4.2 The Fabry-Perot
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Microsoft Word - 信号処理3.doc
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y y y Field Analysis in a Lossy Dielectric Sandwiched between Flanged Rectangular Waveguide and Conducting Plane Makoto HIRANO y, Masaharu TAKAHASHI y, and Minoru ABE y. ( ) [] [],[3] y Department of Electronics