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2 E Societe de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Francaise (, 1991) E Spanish Thoracic Society (1992) E American Thoracic Society (ATS : ü ù2001 ) E British Thoracic Society (1993, ü è2001 ) E Canadian community-acquired pneumonia conference group (1993, 2000, 2004) E Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA : 1998 ü ù2000, 2003) E European Study on Community-acquired Pnumonia Committee (1998) E ú {ŒÄ zšíšw ï (2000, ü è2004) E Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-DRSP Treatment working group (CDC-DRSPTWG, 2000)
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6 5) Niederman MS. et al : Guidelines for the initial manage ment of adults with community aquired pneumonia : di agnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 148: , ) Niederman MS, et al : Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and pre vention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163: ) American Thoracic Society : Hospital-acquired pneumo nia in aduls diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial an timicrobial therapy., and preventative strategies. A con sensus statement Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153: , ) Bartlett JG, et al: Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Community-acqured pneumonia in adults : guidelines for management. Clin Infect Dis 26: , ) Bartlett JG, et al: Practice guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect
7 1856 Dis 31: , ) Mandell LA, et al : Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in im munocompetent adults CID 37: , ) Ioanas M, et al : Hospital-acquired pneumonia : coverage and treatment adequate current guidelines. Eur Respir J 22: , ) Vincent JL : Ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Hosp In fect 57: , ) Clec' h C, et al: Efficacy of adequate early antibiotic ther apy in ventilator-associated pneumonia : influence of dis ease severity. Intensive Care Med 30: , ) Kumarasinghe G, et al : The emergence of resistance to levofloxacin before clinical use in a university hospital in Singapore. J Antimicrob Chemother 46: , ) Yokota S, et al : Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains occur frequently in elderly patients in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46: , ) Jacobs MR, et al : The Alexander project : sus ceptibility of pathogens isolated from community acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chem 52: ) Morosini RC, et al : Worldwide incidence, molecular epi demiology and mutations implicated in fluoroquinolone resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae : data from the global PROTEKT surveillance programme. J Antimicrob Chem 52: , ) Lode H, et al : Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. Clin Infect Dis 27: 33-39, ) Preston SL, et al : Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin : a new paradigm for early clinical trials JAMA 14: , ) British Thoracic Society: Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax 56: supple IV, ) Kerry ME, et al : The effect of an antimicrobial formulary change on hospital registance patterns. Pharmacother apy 22: 81-87, ) Bantar C, et al : A hospitalwide intervention program to optimize the quality of antibiotic use: impact on prescrib ing practice, antibiotic consumption, cost savings, and bacterial resistance. Clin Infect Dis 37:
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