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6 19) Pearson, J., Southam, G. G. and Holley, R. A.: Survival and transport of bacteria in egg washwater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53, (1987). 20) Poovaiah, B. W.: Role of calcium in prolonging storage 2) Catalano, V. R. and Knabel, S. J.: Incidence of Salmonella life of fruits and vegetables. Food Technol., 40(5), in Pennsylvania egg processing plants and destruction (1986). by high ph. J. Food Prot., 57, ) Sawai, J., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T. and (1994). Shimizu, M.: Evaluation of growth inhibitory effect of ceramics powder slurry on bacteria by conductance method. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 28, (1995). 4) Hewitt, C. J., Bellara, S. R., Andreani, A., Nebe-von- 22) Sawai, J., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T. and Caron, G. and McFarlane, C. M.: An evaluation of the Shimizu, M.: Effect of ceramic powder slurry on anti-bacterial action of ceramic powder slurry using spores of Bacillus subtilis. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 28, 556- multi-parameter flow cytometry. Biotechnol. Lett., 561 (1995). 23, (2001). 23) Sawai, J., Saito, I., Kanou, F., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, 5) Huang, Z., Maness, P. C., Blakee, D. M., Wolfrum, E. J., Smoliski, S. L. and Jacoby, W. A.: Bactericidal mode of titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 130, (2000). 7) Izumi, H. and Watada, A. E.: Calcium treatments affect storage quality of shredded carrots. J. Food Sci., 59, (1994). 9) Kinner, J. A. and Moats, W. A.: Effect of temperature, ph and detergent on the survival of bacteria associated with shell eggs. Poultry. Sci., 60, (1981). 27) Sawai, J., Kojima, H., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., high ph involves disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, (1994). A., Kokugan, T. and Shimizu, M.: Mutagenicity test of ceramic powders which have growth inhibitory effect on bacteria. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 28, (1995). 24) Sawai, J., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T. and Shimizu, M.: Effect of particle size and heating temperature of ceramic powders on antibacterial activity of their slurries. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 29, (1996). 25) Sawai, J., Kawada, E., Kanou, F., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T. and Shimizu, M.: Detection of active oxygen generated from ceramic powders having antibacterial activity. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 29, (1996). Shoji, S., Takehara, A., Sawaki, T., Kokugan, T. and Shimizu, M.: Escherichia coli damage by ceramic powder (1997). slurries. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 30, ) Sawai, J., Kojima, H., Kanou, F., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kawada, E., Kokugan, Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium T. and Shimizu, M.: TA102 for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of metallic oxide powders having antibacterial activities. W. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 14, (1998). 29) Sawai, J., Shoji, S., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T., Shimizu, M. and Kojima, H.: Hydrogen perox-

7 ide as an antibacterial factor in zinc oxide powder slurry. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 86, (1998). 30) Sawai, J., Kojima, H., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Shoji, S. and Shimizu, M.: Bactericidal action of calcium oxide powder. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn., 24, (1999). 31) Sawai, J., Kojima, H., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Shoji, S., Sawaki, T., Hakoda, A., Kawada, E., Kokugan, T. and Shimizu, M.: Antibacterial characteristics of magnesium oxide powder. W. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16, (2000). 32) Sawai, J., Shiga, H. and Kojima, H.: Kinetic analysis of bactericidal action of heated shell powder of scallop. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 71, (2001). 33) Sawai, J., Shiga, S. and Kojima, H.: Kinetic analysis of death of bacteria in CaO powder slurry. Biodegr., 47, (2001). Int. Biodeter. 34) Sawai, J., Satoh, M., Horikawa, M., Shiga, H. and Kojima, H.: Heated scallop-shell powder slurry treatment of shredded cabbage. J. Food Prot., 64, (2001). 37) Sawai, J., Miyoshi, H. and Kojima, H.: Sporicidal kinetics of Bacillus subtilis spores by heated scallop-shell powder. J. Food Prot. (in press). 38) Shiga, H., Sawai, J. and Kojima, H.: Utilization of heated shell powder in biocontrol. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn., 24, (1999). 39) Shirashi, F., Toyoda, K. and Fukinbara, S.: Photocatalytic treatment of an aqueous solution containing microbial cells and organic compounds in an annularflow reactor. Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, (1999). 40) Southam, G., Pearson, J. and Holley, R. A.: Survival and growth of Yersinia enterocolitica in egg washwater. J. Food Prot., 50, (1987). 41) Tauxe, R., Kruse, H., Hedberg, C., Potter, M., Madden, J. and Wachsmuth, K.: Microbial hazards and emerging issues associated with produce-a preliminary report to the national advisory committee on microbiologic criteria for foods. J. Food Prot., 60, (1997).

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