TQFT_yokota

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "TQFT_yokota"

Transcription

1 , TY, Naito, Phys. Rev. B 99, (2019),,

2 (DFT) (DFT)? HΨ(x 1,, x N ) = EΨ(x 1,, x N ) N DFT! Hohenberg, Kohn, PR (1964) Kohn, Sham, PRA (1965) (EDF) E[ρ] = F[ρ] + dxv(x)ρ(x) δe[ρ] δρ(x) μ = 0 E gs, ρ gs (x) EDF Kohn-Sham method ( 2 2m + V KS[ρ](x) ) ϕ i (x) = ϵ i ϕ i (x) F[ρ],,!!2

3 W. Kohn Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1998) density functional theory (2018 April 26, Web of Science ) (, )!3

4 DFT (EDF) E[ρ] = F[ρ] + dxv(x)ρ(x) F[ρ]? Chemical accuracy Perdew, Schmidt, AIP Conf. Proc. (2001) (parameter fitting ) Hartree world,? H? F[ρ] (FRG-DFT)!4

5 (FRG) (Wetterich ) Λ Bare S (Wetterich) Flow equation k Γ k [Φ] = 1 2 X,X k R k (X X ) ( δ 2 Γ k [Φ] δφδφ + Rk ) Wegner, Houghton (1973) Wilson, Kogut (1974) Polchinski (1984) Wetterich, PLB (1993) 1 (X, X ) k Γ k 0 Γ Dressed : Γ k [Φ] ( ) : (k ) R k : k,,,!! FRG? (FRG-DFT)!5

6 Γ[ρ] ψ S[ψ, ψ] S[ψ, ψ] = X ψ (X ϵ ) ( τ Δ 2m + V(x) ) ψ(x) X,X ψ (X ϵ )ψ (X ϵ )U 2b (X X )ψ(x )ψ(x) X ϵ = (τ + ϵ, x) ε: (normal ordering) TY, Yoshida, Kunihiro, PRC(2019) ρ ψ (X) = ψ (X ϵ )ψ(x) Legendre trans. W[J] = ln Z[J] = DψDψ e S[ψ,ψ]+ X J(X)ρ ψ (X) U 2b (X X ) = δ(τ τ )U(x x ) H = dxψ (x) Δ ( ( 2m + V(x) ) ψ (x) dx dx ψ (x) ψ (x )U(x x ) ψ (x ) ψ (x) ) Γ[ρ] = sup J ( X J(X)ρ(X) W[J] ) Γ[ρ] 2-particle point irreducible (2PPI) 2PPI 2 Not 2PPI fermion U 2b (X X )!6

7 EDF Fukuda, Kotani, Suzuki, Yokojima, PTP92 (1994); Valiev, Fernando, arxiv: (1997) Γ[ρ] = sup J ( X J(X)ρ(X) W[J] ) Γ[ρ] EDF (Hohenberg-Kohn ) ( EOM) δγ[ρ] δρ(x) μ = 0 ρ(x) = Γ[ρ gs ] = μ X ρ gs (X) W[μ] = βf Helm V(x) Shift of V Shift of J E gs = lim β 1 Z[μ] DψDψ ρ ψ (X)e S[ψ,ψ]+μ X ρ ψ (X ) = ρ gs (X) Γ[ρ gs ]/β Γ[ρ] = X V(x)ρ(X) + (V-independent terms) E[ρ] = lim β Γ[ρ] β Calculation of EDF E[ρ] Calculation of Γ[ρ]!!!7

8 (FRG-DFT) Polonyi, Sailer, PRB (2002), Schwenk, Polonyi (2004) 0 λ Γ λ 1 Free Γ 0 Γ 1 Interacting S λ [ψ, ψ] = X ψ (X ϵ ) ( i τ Δ 2m + V(x) ) ψ(x) X,X ψ (X ϵ )ψ (X ϵ )R λ (X X )U 2b (X X )ψ(x )ψ(x) Regulator R λ=1 (X X ) = 1 Fully-interacting system R λ=0 (X X ) = 0 Free system FRG-DFT Flow equation λ Γ λ [ρ] = 1 2 X,X λ R λ (X X )U 2b (X X ) ρ(x ϵ )ρ(x ) + ( δ 2 Γ λ [ρ] Hartree λ=1 EDF!! δρδρ ) 1 (X ϵ, X ) ρ(x )δ(x x ) Ex.+Corr. R λ (X, X ) = λ density-density correlation function Harris, Jones, PLA (1974) Langreth, Perdew, SSC (1975), EDF!!8

9 FRG-DFT !9

10 FRG-DFT (our contribution) 2019 Egs,1/N Hartree-Fock FRG-DFT (c =1) FRG-DFT Monte Carlo Density n FRG-DFT ( )!10 d(!, p = pf) FRG-DFT Free RPA !/µ 0 FRG-DFT

11 FRG-DFT (our contribution) !11

12 2 2D layer, MOSFET! 2, 3 paramagnetic phase Dense ~26a.u. ferromagnetic phase r s ~35a.u. Wigner crystal Dilute Tanatar, Ceperley, PRB (1988) Attaccalite, et. al., PRL (2002)!12

13 (DFT (LDA) ) m e = e = ħ = 1/(4πϵ 0 ) = 1 electron mass elementary charge Coulomb s constant EDF S λ [ψ, ψ] = S el,λ [ψ, ψ] + S el i,λ [ψ, ψ] + S i,λ [ψ, ψ] S el,λ [ψ, ψ] = s X ψ s (X ϵ ) ( τ 1 2 Δ ) ψ s (X) s,s X,X ψ s (X ϵ )ψ s (X ϵ )U 2b,λ (X, X )ψ s (X )ψ s (X) S el,λ [ψ, ψ] = n s δ(τ τ ) U 2b,λ (X, X ) = R λ (X X ) x x X,X U 2b,λ (X, X ) ψ s (X ϵ )ψ s (X) S i,λ [ψ, ψ] = n2 U 2 2b,λ (X, X ) - X,X = λδ(τ τ ) x x n : density of electrons and background ions n = n + n, ζ = (n n )/n (λ ) λ- δγ λ δρ s (X) [ρ = n, ρ = n ] = μ s,λ!13 Wigner-Seitz radius Initial chemical potential r s = 1/ μ s,λ=0 = πn s πn

14 ζ = 0 (μ λ = μ,λ = μ,λ ) λ Γ λ [ρ] = 1 δ 2 Γ U 2 2b (X X ) (ρ(x ϵ ) n)(ρ(x ) n) + λ X,X ( δρδρ ) ( background ion ρ(x) = n ) Γ λ [ρ] = Γ λ [n] + μ λ X1 (ρ(x 1 ) n) + 1 (X ϵ, X ) ρ(x )δ(x x ) k=2 1 k! X1 Xk Γ (k) λ [n](x 1,, X k ) k i=1 (ρ(x i ) n) 0th 1st λ Γ λ [n] = 1 U 2 2b (X, X ) ( Γ (2) 1 [n](x, X ) nδ(x x ) λ ) X,X λ Γ (1)[n](X) = 1 U λ 2 2b,λ (X 4 X 1 )Γ (2) 1 [n](x λ 1, X 2 )Γ (3)[n](X λ 2, X 3, X)Γ(2) 1 [n](x λ 3, X 4 ) 1 X1,X 2,X 3,X 4 2 U(0) Coupled differential equations Γ (k) λ [n](x 1,, X k ) := δ k Γ λ [n] δρ(x 1 ) δρ(x k )!14

15 Γ (k) G (n) λ [n](x 1,, X k ) (X λ 1,, X n ) = δ n W λ [μ λ ] δj(x 1 ) δj(x n ) 0th λ E gs,λ N = 1 2n p Ũ(p) ( ω G (2) λ (P) n ) 1st λ μ λ = 1 2 G (2) λ (0) Ũ(p) G (3)(P, P) 1 λ P 2 U(0) 2nd λ G (2) λ (P) = Ũ(p) G (2) λ (P)2 1 2 P Ũ(p ) G (4) λ (P, P, P) + G (3) λ (P, P) ( λ μ λ U(0) ) Truncation! p = (ω, p) G (k) λ (P 1,, P k 1 )!15 Ũ λ (p) P = ω p = dω 2π : Fourier trans. of dp (2π) 2 : Fourier trans. of U λ (x) G (n) λ (X 1,, X n )

16 2 Flow eq. λ E gs,λ N = 1 2n p Ũ(p) ( ω G (2) λ (P) n ) G (2) R,λ G (2) λ G (2) λ Direct term λ G (2)(P) = Ũ(p) G (2) λ λ (P)2 1 G Ũ(p ) G (3) 2 (4)(P, P, P) λ (P, P ) G (3) λ (P, P) P ( λ G (2) λ (0) ) =: C λ (P) C 0 (P) xc term Ignore λ-dependence Solution G (2) λ (P) = G (2) 0 (P) + C 0 (P)/Ũ(p) tanh ( λ Ũ(p)C 0 (P) ) 1 + Ũ(p)/C 0 (P) G (2) 0 (P) tanh ( λ Ũ(p)C 0 (P) ) E gs,λ=1 N = E gs,λ=0 N Kinetic 1/(2r 2 s ) + 1 2n p Ũ(p) ( ω G (2) 0 (P) n ) Exchange 4 2/(3πr s ) + 1 2n P ln cosh ( Ũ(p)C 0 (P) ) + Ũ(p) C 0 (P) G (2) 0 (P)sinh ( Ũ(p)C 0(P) ) Ũ(p) G (2) 0 (P) Correlation E corr /N!16

17 (r s 0) E corr N = 1 2n P ln cosh ( Ũ(p)C 0 (P) ) + Ũ(p) C 0 (P) G (2) 0 (P)sinh ( Ũ(p)C 0 (P) ) Ũ(p) G (2) 0 (P) C 0, G (2) : 0 r s C 0 (ω, p; r s ) = r s C 0 (rs 2 ω, r s p; 1) G (2)(ω, p; r 0 s ) = G (2) 0 (r2 s ω, r sp; 1) Wigner-Seitz radius r s = 1/ πn E corr N = 1 2n P ( ln [ 1 + Ũ(p) G (2) 0 (ω, p) ] Ũ(p) G (2) 0 (ω, p) ) + 1 4n P Ũ(p)C 0 (ω, p) + O(r s ) RPA 2nd-order ex. Gell-Mann-Brueckner (GB) resum.!! Gell-Mann, Brueckner, PR (1957) Rajagopal, Kimball, PRB (1977) GB resum. ( r s 0)!! GB resum. r s!!!17

18 Result at ζ = 0 Ecorr/N r s FRG-DFT!! FRG-DFT (2nd-order vertex expansion) Gell-Mann-Brueckner resummation DMC [Kwon, Ceperley, Martin 1993] DMC [Drummond, Needs 2009]!! E gs N = 1 2rs 2 Kinetic Wigner-Seitz n = 1 πrs 2 : r s 10a.u π Exchange 1 + E corr r s N (DMC) Correlation Kwon, Ceperley, Martin, PRB (1993) Drummond, Needs, PRB (2009)!18

19 (preliminary), EDF ζ ζ FRG-DFT!! E gs /N E gs /N!19

20 λ G (2)(P) = Ũ(p) G (2) λ λ (P)2 1 G Ũ(p ) G (3) 2 (4)(P, P, P) λ (P, P ) G (3) λ (P, P) P ( λ G (2) λ (0) ) ζ 1 =: C λ (P), C λ (P) C 0 (P)! Strategy ζ=1 f 2,λ (x, x ) = P e ip (x x ) G (2) λ (P) + n2 nδ(x x ) 0, (x x ) Pauli blocking! λ P G (2) λ (P) = 0 P C λ (P) = P Ũ(p) G (2) λ (P)2, C 0 (P) C λ (P) c λ C 0 (P) c λ = P Ũ(p) G (2) λ (P)2 P C 0 (P) numerical calculation in progress!20

21 (FRG-DFT) !21

22 2 ( ) TY, Naito, in progress 3 2D DFT TY, Kasuya, Yoshida, Kunihiro, in progress!22

1 2 LDA Local Density Approximation 2 LDA 1 LDA LDA N N N H = N [ 2 j + V ion (r j ) ] + 1 e 2 2 r j r k j j k (3) V ion V ion (r) = I Z I e 2 r

1 2 LDA Local Density Approximation 2 LDA 1 LDA LDA N N N H = N [ 2 j + V ion (r j ) ] + 1 e 2 2 r j r k j j k (3) V ion V ion (r) = I Z I e 2 r 11 March 2005 1 [ { } ] 3 1/3 2 + V ion (r) + V H (r) 3α 4π ρ σ(r) ϕ iσ (r) = ε iσ ϕ iσ (r) (1) KS Kohn-Sham [ 2 + V ion (r) + V H (r) + V σ xc(r) ] ϕ iσ (r) = ε iσ ϕ iσ (r) (2) 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 LDA Local

More information

1: Sheldon L. Glashow (Ouroboros) [1] 1 v(r) u(r, r ) ( e 2 / r r ) H 2 [2] H = ( dr ψ σ + (r) 1 2 ) σ 2m r 2 + v(r) µ ψ σ (r) + 1 dr dr ψ σ + (r)ψ +

1: Sheldon L. Glashow (Ouroboros) [1] 1 v(r) u(r, r ) ( e 2 / r r ) H 2 [2] H = ( dr ψ σ + (r) 1 2 ) σ 2m r 2 + v(r) µ ψ σ (r) + 1 dr dr ψ σ + (r)ψ + 1 1.1 21 11 22 10 33 cm 10 29 cm 60 6 8 10 12 cm 1cm 1 1.2 2 1 1 1: Sheldon L. Glashow (Ouroboros) [1] 1 v(r) u(r, r ) ( e 2 / r r ) H 2 [2] H = ( dr ψ σ + (r) 1 2 ) σ 2m r 2 + v(r) µ ψ σ (r) + 1 dr dr

More information

構造と連続体の力学基礎

構造と連続体の力学基礎 II 37 Wabash Avenue Bridge, Illinois 州 Winnipeg にある歩道橋 Esplanade Riel 橋6 6 斜張橋である必要は多分無いと思われる すぐ横に道路用桁橋有り しかも塔基部のレストランは 8 年には営業していなかった 9 9. 9.. () 97 [3] [5] k 9. m w(t) f (t) = f (t) + mg k w(t) Newton

More information

講義ノート 物性研究 電子版 Vol.3 No.1, (2013 年 T c µ T c Kammerlingh Onnes 77K ρ 5.8µΩcm 4.2K ρ 10 4 µωcm σ 77K ρ 4.2K σ σ = ne 2 τ/m τ 77K

講義ノート 物性研究 電子版 Vol.3 No.1, (2013 年 T c µ T c Kammerlingh Onnes 77K ρ 5.8µΩcm 4.2K ρ 10 4 µωcm σ 77K ρ 4.2K σ σ = ne 2 τ/m τ 77K 2 2 T c µ T c 1 1.1 1911 Kammerlingh Onnes 77K ρ 5.8µΩcm 4.2K ρ 1 4 µωcm σ 77K ρ 4.2K σ σ = ne 2 τ/m τ 77K τ 4.2K σ 58 213 email:takada@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp 1933 Meissner Ochsenfeld λ = 1 5 cm B = χ B =

More information

( ; ) C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting : - ( ) σ = σ t sin 2π(r a) λ dσ d(r a) =

( ; ) C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting : - ( ) σ = σ t sin 2π(r a) λ dσ d(r a) = 1 9 8 1 1 1 ; 1 11 16 C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting 1. 1.1 1.1.1 : - σ = σ t sin πr a λ dσ dr a = E a = π λ σ πr a t cos λ 1 r a/λ 1 cos 1 E: σ t = Eλ πa a λ E/π γ : λ/ 3 γ =

More information

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 2 Coulomb Gauss Coulomb 2.1 Coulomb 1 2 r 1 r 2 1 2 F 12 2 1 F 21 F 12 = F 21 = 1 4πε 0 1 2 r 1 r 2 2 r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 (2.1) Coulomb ε 0 = 107 4πc 2 =8.854 187 817 10 12 C 2 N 1 m 2 (2.2)

More information

ω 0 m(ẍ + γẋ + ω0x) 2 = ee (2.118) e iωt x = e 1 m ω0 2 E(ω). (2.119) ω2 iωγ Z N P(ω) = χ(ω)e = exzn (2.120) ϵ = ϵ 0 (1 + χ) ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 +

ω 0 m(ẍ + γẋ + ω0x) 2 = ee (2.118) e iωt x = e 1 m ω0 2 E(ω). (2.119) ω2 iωγ Z N P(ω) = χ(ω)e = exzn (2.120) ϵ = ϵ 0 (1 + χ) ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 + 2.6 2.6.1 ω 0 m(ẍ + γẋ + ω0x) 2 = ee (2.118) e iωt x = e 1 m ω0 2 E(ω). (2.119) ω2 iωγ Z N P(ω) = χ(ω)e = exzn (2.120) ϵ = ϵ 0 (1 + χ) ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 + Ne2 m j f j ω 2 j ω2 iωγ j (2.121) Z ω ω j γ j f j

More information

positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) MeV : thermalization m psec 100

positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) MeV : thermalization m psec 100 positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) 0.5 1.5MeV : thermalization 10 100 m psec 100psec nsec E total = 2mc 2 + E e + + E e Ee+ Ee-c mc

More information

( )

( ) 7..-8..8.......................................................................... 4.................................... 3...................................... 3..3.................................. 4.3....................................

More information

H 0 H = H 0 + V (t), V (t) = gµ B S α qb e e iωt i t Ψ(t) = [H 0 + V (t)]ψ(t) Φ(t) Ψ(t) = e ih0t Φ(t) H 0 e ih0t Φ(t) + ie ih0t t Φ(t) = [

H 0 H = H 0 + V (t), V (t) = gµ B S α qb e e iωt i t Ψ(t) = [H 0 + V (t)]ψ(t) Φ(t) Ψ(t) = e ih0t Φ(t) H 0 e ih0t Φ(t) + ie ih0t t Φ(t) = [ 3 3. 3.. H H = H + V (t), V (t) = gµ B α B e e iωt i t Ψ(t) = [H + V (t)]ψ(t) Φ(t) Ψ(t) = e iht Φ(t) H e iht Φ(t) + ie iht t Φ(t) = [H + V (t)]e iht Φ(t) Φ(t) i t Φ(t) = V H(t)Φ(t), V H (t) = e iht V (t)e

More information

* 1 1 (i) (ii) Brückner-Hartree-Fock (iii) (HF, BCS, HFB) (iv) (TDHF,TDHFB) (RPA) (QRPA) (v) (vi) *

* 1 1 (i) (ii) Brückner-Hartree-Fock (iii) (HF, BCS, HFB) (iv) (TDHF,TDHFB) (RPA) (QRPA) (v) (vi) * * 1 1 (i) (ii) Brückner-Hartree-Fock (iii) (HF, BCS, HFB) (iv) (TDHF,TDHFB) (RPA) (QRPA) (v) (vi) *1 2004 1 1 ( ) ( ) 1.1 140 MeV 1.2 ( ) ( ) 1.3 2.6 10 8 s 7.6 10 17 s? Λ 2.5 10 10 s 6 10 24 s 1.4 ( m

More information

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H 199 1 1 199 1 1. Vx) m e V cos x π x π Vx) = x < π, x > π V i) x = Vx) V 1 x /)) n n d f dξ ξ d f dξ + n f = H n ξ) ii) H n ξ) = 1) n expξ ) dn dξ n exp ξ )) H n ξ)h m ξ) exp ξ )dξ = π n n!δ n,m x = Vx)

More information

1 1.1,,,.. (, ),..,. (Fig. 1.1). Macro theory (e.g. Continuum mechanics) Consideration under the simple concept (e.g. ionic radius, bond valence) Stru

1 1.1,,,.. (, ),..,. (Fig. 1.1). Macro theory (e.g. Continuum mechanics) Consideration under the simple concept (e.g. ionic radius, bond valence) Stru 1. 1-1. 1-. 1-3.. MD -1. -. -3. MD 1 1 1.1,,,.. (, ),..,. (Fig. 1.1). Macro theory (e.g. Continuum mechanics) Consideration under the simple concept (e.g. ionic radius, bond valence) Structural relaxation

More information

kawa (Spin-Orbit Tomography: Kawahara and Fujii 21,Kawahara and Fujii 211,Fujii & Kawahara submitted) 2 van Cittert-Zernike Appendix A V 2

kawa (Spin-Orbit Tomography: Kawahara and Fujii 21,Kawahara and Fujii 211,Fujii & Kawahara submitted) 2 van Cittert-Zernike Appendix A V 2 Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 1.) 24 2 1 1 1 2 2 2.1 van Cittert - Zernike..................................... 2 2.2 mutual coherence................................. 3 3 Hanbury-Brown Twiss ( ) 4 3.1............................................

More information

( ) ) AGD 2) 7) 1

( ) ) AGD 2) 7) 1 ( 9 5 6 ) ) AGD ) 7) S. ψ (r, t) ψ(r, t) (r, t) Ĥ ψ(r, t) = e iĥt/ħ ψ(r, )e iĥt/ħ ˆn(r, t) = ψ (r, t)ψ(r, t) () : ψ(r, t)ψ (r, t) ψ (r, t)ψ(r, t) = δ(r r ) () ψ(r, t)ψ(r, t) ψ(r, t)ψ(r, t) = (3) ψ (r,

More information

m(ẍ + γẋ + ω 0 x) = ee (2.118) e iωt P(ω) = χ(ω)e = ex = e2 E(ω) m ω0 2 ω2 iωγ (2.119) Z N ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 + Ne2 m j f j ω 2 j ω2 iωγ j (2.120)

m(ẍ + γẋ + ω 0 x) = ee (2.118) e iωt P(ω) = χ(ω)e = ex = e2 E(ω) m ω0 2 ω2 iωγ (2.119) Z N ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 + Ne2 m j f j ω 2 j ω2 iωγ j (2.120) 2.6 2.6.1 mẍ + γẋ + ω 0 x) = ee 2.118) e iωt Pω) = χω)e = ex = e2 Eω) m ω0 2 ω2 iωγ 2.119) Z N ϵω) ϵ 0 = 1 + Ne2 m j f j ω 2 j ω2 iωγ j 2.120) Z ω ω j γ j f j f j f j sum j f j = Z 2.120 ω ω j, γ ϵω) ϵ

More information

³ÎΨÏÀ

³ÎΨÏÀ 2017 12 12 Makoto Nakashima 2017 12 12 1 / 22 2.1. C, D π- C, D. A 1, A 2 C A 1 A 2 C A 3, A 4 D A 1 A 2 D Makoto Nakashima 2017 12 12 2 / 22 . (,, L p - ). Makoto Nakashima 2017 12 12 3 / 22 . (,, L p

More information

x E E E e i ω = t + ikx 0 k λ λ 2π k 2π/λ k ω/v v n v c/n k = nω c c ω/2π λ k 2πn/λ 2π/(λ/n) κ n n κ N n iκ k = Nω c iωt + inωx c iωt + i( n+ iκ ) ωx

x E E E e i ω = t + ikx 0 k λ λ 2π k 2π/λ k ω/v v n v c/n k = nω c c ω/2π λ k 2πn/λ 2π/(λ/n) κ n n κ N n iκ k = Nω c iωt + inωx c iωt + i( n+ iκ ) ωx x E E E e i ω t + ikx k λ λ π k π/λ k ω/v v n v c/n k nω c c ω/π λ k πn/λ π/(λ/n) κ n n κ N n iκ k Nω c iωt + inωx c iωt + i( n+ iκ ) ωx c κω x c iω ( t nx c) E E e E e E e e κ e ωκx/c e iω(t nx/c) I I

More information

2 (March 13, 2010) N Λ a = i,j=1 x i ( d (a) i,j x j ), Λ h = N i,j=1 x i ( d (h) i,j x j ) B a B h B a = N i,j=1 ν i d (a) i,j, B h = x j N i,j=1 ν i

2 (March 13, 2010) N Λ a = i,j=1 x i ( d (a) i,j x j ), Λ h = N i,j=1 x i ( d (h) i,j x j ) B a B h B a = N i,j=1 ν i d (a) i,j, B h = x j N i,j=1 ν i 1. A. M. Turing [18] 60 Turing A. Gierer H. Meinhardt [1] : (GM) ) a t = D a a xx µa + ρ (c a2 h + ρ 0 (0 < x < l, t > 0) h t = D h h xx νh + c ρ a 2 (0 < x < l, t > 0) a x = h x = 0 (x = 0, l) a = a(x,

More information

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x [ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),

More information

IA hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp Last updated: January,......................................................................................................................................................................................

More information

Undulator.dvi

Undulator.dvi X X 1 1 2 Free Electron Laser: FEL 2.1 2 2 3 SACLA 4 SACLA [1]-[6] [7] 1: S N λ [9] XFEL OHO 13 X [8] 2 2.1 2(a) (c) z y y (a) S N 90 λ u 4 [10, 11] Halbach (b) 2: (a) (b) (c) (c) 1 2 [11] B y = n=1 B

More information

( ) ) ) ) 5) 1 J = σe 2 6) ) 9) 1955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes )

( ) ) ) ) 5) 1 J = σe 2 6) ) 9) 1955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes ) ( 3 7 4 ) 2 2 ) 8 2 954 2) 955 3) 5) J = σe 2 6) 955 7) 9) 955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes 957 ) 3 4 2 A B H (t) = Ae iωt B(t) = B(ω)e iωt B(ω) = [ Φ R (ω) Φ R () ] iω Φ R (t)

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 3.............................. 3.............................. 4.3 4................... 5.4........................ 6.5........................ 8.6...........................7

More information

[ ] = L [δ (D ) (x )] = L D [g ] = L D [E ] = L Table : ħh = m = D D, V (x ) = g δ (D ) (x ) E g D E (Table )D = Schrödinger (.3)D = (regularization)

[ ] = L [δ (D ) (x )] = L D [g ] = L D [E ] = L Table : ħh = m = D D, V (x ) = g δ (D ) (x ) E g D E (Table )D = Schrödinger (.3)D = (regularization) . D............................................... : E = κ ............................................ 3.................................................

More information

1 1.1 H = µc i c i + c i t ijc j + 1 c i c j V ijklc k c l (1) V ijkl = V jikl = V ijlk = V jilk () t ij = t ji, V ijkl = V lkji (3) (1) V 0 H mf = µc

1 1.1 H = µc i c i + c i t ijc j + 1 c i c j V ijklc k c l (1) V ijkl = V jikl = V ijlk = V jilk () t ij = t ji, V ijkl = V lkji (3) (1) V 0 H mf = µc 013 6 30 BCS 1 1.1........................ 1................................ 3 1.3............................ 3 1.4............................... 5 1.5.................................... 5 6 3 7 4 8

More information

磁性物理学 - 遷移金属化合物磁性のスピンゆらぎ理論

磁性物理学 - 遷移金属化合物磁性のスピンゆらぎ理論 email: takahash@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp April 30, 2009 Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2 / 260 Today s Lecture: Itinerant Magnetism 60 / 260 Multiplets of Single Atom System HC HSO : L = i l i, S = i s i, J = L +

More information

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. 微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)

More information

9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L) du (L) = f (9.3) dx (9.) P

9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L) du (L) = f (9.3) dx (9.) P 9 (Finite Element Method; FEM) 9. 9. P(0) P(x) u(x) (a) P(L) f P(0) P(x) (b) 9. P(L) 9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L)

More information

反D中間子と核子のエキゾチックな 束縛状態と散乱状態の解析

反D中間子と核子のエキゾチックな   束縛状態と散乱状態の解析 .... D 1 in collaboration with 1, 2, 1 RCNP 1, KEK 2 . Exotic hadron qqq q q Θ + Λ(1405) etc. uudd s? KN quasi-bound state? . D(B)-N bound state { { D D0 ( cu) B = D ( cd), B = + ( bu) B 0 ( bd) D(B)-N

More information

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2 2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6

More information

MS#sugaku(ver.2).dvi

MS#sugaku(ver.2).dvi 1 1,,,.,,,,,.,.,,,.,, Computer-Aided Design).,,, Boltzmann,, [1]., Anderson, []., Anderson, Schrödinger [3],[4]., nm,,.,,,.,, Schrödinger.,, [5],[6].,,.,,, 1 .,, -. -, -., -,,,. Wigner-Boltzmann Schrödinger,

More information

1 1.1 ( ). z = a + bi, a, b R 0 a, b 0 a 2 + b 2 0 z = a + bi = ( ) a 2 + b 2 a a 2 + b + b 2 a 2 + b i 2 r = a 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = a a 2 + b 2, sin θ =

1 1.1 ( ). z = a + bi, a, b R 0 a, b 0 a 2 + b 2 0 z = a + bi = ( ) a 2 + b 2 a a 2 + b + b 2 a 2 + b i 2 r = a 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = a a 2 + b 2, sin θ = 1 1.1 ( ). z = + bi,, b R 0, b 0 2 + b 2 0 z = + bi = ( ) 2 + b 2 2 + b + b 2 2 + b i 2 r = 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = 2 + b 2, sin θ = b 2 + b 2 2π z = r(cos θ + i sin θ) 1.2 (, ). 1. < 2. > 3. ±,, 1.3 ( ). A

More information

ver.1 / c /(13)

ver.1 / c /(13) 1 -- 11 1 c 2010 1/(13) 1 -- 11 -- 1 1--1 1--1--1 2009 3 t R x R n 1 ẋ = f(t, x) f = ( f 1,, f n ) f x(t) = ϕ(x 0, t) x(0) = x 0 n f f t 1--1--2 2009 3 q = (q 1,..., q m ), p = (p 1,..., p m ) x = (q,

More information

第1章 微分方程式と近似解法

第1章 微分方程式と近似解法 April 12, 2018 1 / 52 1.1 ( ) 2 / 52 1.2 1.1 1.1: 3 / 52 1.3 Poisson Poisson Poisson 1 d {2, 3} 4 / 52 1 1.3.1 1 u,b b(t,x) u(t,x) x=0 1.1: 1 a x=l 1.1 1 (0, t T ) (0, l) 1 a b : (0, t T ) (0, l) R, u

More information

[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3

[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 4.2 4.2.1 [ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 z = 6 z = 8 zn/2 1 2 N i z nearest neighbors of i j=1

More information

遍歴電子磁性とスピン揺らぎ理論 - 京都大学大学院理学研究科 集中講義

遍歴電子磁性とスピン揺らぎ理論 - 京都大学大学院理学研究科 集中講義 email: takahash@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp August 3, 2009 Title of Lecture: SCR Spin Fluctuation Theory 2 / 179 Part I Introduction Introduction Stoner-Wohlfarth Theory Stoner-Wohlfarth Theory Hatree Fock Approximation

More information

Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 2.0) van Cittert - Zernike mutual coherence

Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 2.0) van Cittert - Zernike mutual coherence Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 2.) 25 4 4 1 2 2 2 2.1 van Cittert - Zernike..................................... 2 2.2 mutual coherence................................. 4 3 Hanbury-Brown Twiss ( ) 5 3.1............................................

More information

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59

More information

確率論と統計学の資料

確率論と統計学の資料 5 June 015 ii........................ 1 1 1.1...................... 1 1........................... 3 1.3... 4 6.1........................... 6................... 7 ii ii.3.................. 8.4..........................

More information

H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978)

H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978) 27 3 27 ) Ising Landau Synergetics Fokker-Planck F-P Landau F-P Gizburg-Landau G-L G-L Bénard/ Hopfield H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978) (1) Ising m T T C 1: m h Hamiltonian H = J ij S i S j h i S

More information

(5) 75 (a) (b) ( 1 ) v ( 1 ) E E 1 v (a) ( 1 ) x E E (b) (a) (b)

(5) 75 (a) (b) ( 1 ) v ( 1 ) E E 1 v (a) ( 1 ) x E E (b) (a) (b) (5) 74 Re, bondar laer (Prandtl) Re z ω z = x (5) 75 (a) (b) ( 1 ) v ( 1 ) E E 1 v (a) ( 1 ) x E E (b) (a) (b) (5) 76 l V x ) 1/ 1 ( 1 1 1 δ δ = x Re x p V x t V l l (1-1) 1/ 1 δ δ δ δ = x Re p V x t V

More information

‚åŁÎ“·„´Šš‡ðŠp‡¢‡½‹âfi`fiI…A…‰…S…−…Y…•‡ÌMarkovŸA“½fiI›ð’Í

‚åŁÎ“·„´Šš‡ðŠp‡¢‡½‹âfi`fiI…A…‰…S…−…Y…•‡ÌMarkovŸA“½fiI›ð’Í Markov 2009 10 2 Markov 2009 10 2 1 / 25 1 (GA) 2 GA 3 4 Markov 2009 10 2 2 / 25 (GA) (GA) L ( 1) I := {0, 1} L f : I (0, ) M( 2) S := I M GA (GA) f (i) i I Markov 2009 10 2 3 / 25 (GA) ρ(i, j), i, j I

More information

2011de.dvi

2011de.dvi 211 ( 4 2 1. 3 1.1............................... 3 1.2 1- -......................... 13 1.3 2-1 -................... 19 1.4 3- -......................... 29 2. 37 2.1................................ 37

More information

QMI_09.dvi

QMI_09.dvi 25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 σ τ 2 2 ux, t) = ux, t) 3.1) 2 x2 ux, t) σ τ 2 u/ 2 m p E E = p2 3.2) E ν ω E = hν = hω. 3.3) k p k = p h. 3.4) 26 3 hω = E = p2 = h2 k 2 ψkx ωt) ψ 3.5) h

More information

QMI_10.dvi

QMI_10.dvi 25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 σ τ x u u x t ux, t) u 3.1 t x P ux, t) Q θ P Q Δx x + Δx Q P ux + Δx, t) Q θ P u+δu x u x σ τ P x) Q x+δx) P Q x 3.1: θ P θ Q P Q equation of motion P τ Q τ σδx

More information

4/15 No.

4/15 No. 4/15 No. 1 4/15 No. 4/15 No. 3 Particle of mass m moving in a potential V(r) V(r) m i ψ t = m ψ(r,t)+v(r)ψ(r,t) ψ(r,t) = ϕ(r)e iωt ψ(r,t) Wave function steady state m ϕ(r)+v(r)ϕ(r) = εϕ(r) Eigenvalue problem

More information

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka )

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) II 214-1 : October 2, 214 Version : 1.1 Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/14w-biseki.html pdf 1 2 1 9 1 16 1 23 1 3 11 6 11 13 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 11

More information

02-量子力学の復習

02-量子力学の復習 4/17 No. 1 4/17 No. 2 4/17 No. 3 Particle of mass m moving in a potential V(r) V(r) m i ψ t = 2 2m 2 ψ(r,t)+v(r)ψ(r,t) ψ(r,t) Wave function ψ(r,t) = ϕ(r)e iωt steady state 2 2m 2 ϕ(r)+v(r)ϕ(r) = εϕ(r)

More information

G (n) (x 1, x 2,..., x n ) = 1 Dφe is φ(x 1 )φ(x 2 ) φ(x n ) (5) N N = Dφe is (6) G (n) (generating functional) 1 Z[J] d 4 x 1 d 4 x n G (n) (x 1, x 2

G (n) (x 1, x 2,..., x n ) = 1 Dφe is φ(x 1 )φ(x 2 ) φ(x n ) (5) N N = Dφe is (6) G (n) (generating functional) 1 Z[J] d 4 x 1 d 4 x n G (n) (x 1, x 2 6 Feynman (Green ) Feynman 6.1 Green generating functional Z[J] φ 4 L = 1 2 µφ µ φ m 2 φ2 λ 4! φ4 (1) ( 1 S[φ] = d 4 x 2 φkφ λ ) 4! φ4 (2) K = ( 2 + m 2 ) (3) n G (n) (x 1, x 2,..., x n ) = φ(x 1 )φ(x

More information

all.dvi

all.dvi I 1 Density Matrix 1.1 ( (Observable) Ô :ensemble ensemble average) Ô en =Tr ˆρ en Ô ˆρ en Tr  n, n =, 1,, Tr  = n n  n Tr  I w j j ( j =, 1,, ) ˆρ en j w j j ˆρ en = j w j j j Ô en = j w j j Ô j emsemble

More information

r d 2r d l d (a) (b) (c) 1: I(x,t) I(x+ x,t) I(0,t) I(l,t) V in V(x,t) V(x+ x,t) V(0,t) l V(l,t) 2: 0 x x+ x 3: V in 3 V in x V (x, t) I(x, t

r d 2r d l d (a) (b) (c) 1: I(x,t) I(x+ x,t) I(0,t) I(l,t) V in V(x,t) V(x+ x,t) V(0,t) l V(l,t) 2: 0 x x+ x 3: V in 3 V in x V (x, t) I(x, t 1 1 2 2 2r d 2r d l d (a) (b) (c) 1: I(x,t) I(x+ x,t) I(0,t) I(l,t) V in V(x,t) V(x+ x,t) V(0,t) l V(l,t) 2: 0 x x+ x 3: V in 3 V in x V (x, t) I(x, t) V (x, t) I(x, t) V in x t 3 4 1 L R 2 C G L 0 R 0

More information

数学概論I

数学概論I {a n } M >0 s.t. a n 5 M for n =1, 2,... lim n a n = α ε =1 N s.t. a n α < 1 for n > N. n > N a n 5 a n α + α < 1+ α. M := max{ a 1,..., a N, 1+ α } a n 5 M ( n) 1 α α 1+ α t a 1 a N+1 a N+2 a 2 1 a n

More information

n ξ n,i, i = 1,, n S n ξ n,i n 0 R 1,.. σ 1 σ i .10.14.15 0 1 0 1 1 3.14 3.18 3.19 3.14 3.14,. ii 1 1 1.1..................................... 1 1............................... 3 1.3.........................

More information

·«¤ê¤³¤ß·²¤È¥ß¥ì¥Ë¥¢¥àÌäÂê

·«¤ê¤³¤ß·²¤È¥ß¥ì¥Ë¥¢¥àÌäÂê .. 1 10-11 Nov., 2016 1 email:keiichi.r.ito@gmail.com, ito@kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp ( ) 10-11 Nov., 2016 1 / 45 Clay Institute.1 Construction of 4D YM Field Theory (Jaffe, Witten) Jaffe, Balaban (1980).2 Solution

More information

E 1/2 3/ () +3/2 +3/ () +1/2 +1/ / E [1] B (3.2) F E 4.1 y x E = (E x,, ) j y 4.1 E int = (, E y, ) j y = (Hall ef

E 1/2 3/ () +3/2 +3/ () +1/2 +1/ / E [1] B (3.2) F E 4.1 y x E = (E x,, ) j y 4.1 E int = (, E y, ) j y = (Hall ef 4 213 5 8 4.1.1 () f A exp( E/k B ) f E = A [ k B exp E ] = f k B k B = f (2 E /3n). 1 k B /2 σ = e 2 τ(e)d(e) 2E 3nf 3m 2 E de = ne2 τ E m (4.1) E E τ E = τe E = / τ(e)e 3/2 f de E 3/2 f de (4.2) f (3.2)

More information

基礎数学I

基礎数学I I & II ii ii........... 22................. 25 12............... 28.................. 28.................... 31............. 32.................. 34 3 1 9.................... 1....................... 1............

More information

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T NHK 204 2 0 203 2 24 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 25 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 26 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 27 ( ) 7 00 7 50 I. ( ν R n 2 ) m 2 n m, R = e 2 8πε 0 hca B =.09737 0 7 m ( ν = ) λ a B = 4πε 0ħ 2 m e e 2 = 5.2977

More information

meiji_resume_1.PDF

meiji_resume_1.PDF β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E

More information

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,. 9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,

More information

25 7 18 1 1 1.1 v.s............................. 1 1.1.1.................................. 1 1.1.2................................. 1 1.1.3.................................. 3 1.2................... 3

More information

I A A441 : April 15, 2013 Version : 1.1 I Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Shigehiro, Yoshida )

I A A441 : April 15, 2013 Version : 1.1 I   Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Shigehiro, Yoshida ) I013 00-1 : April 15, 013 Version : 1.1 I Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Shigehiro, Yoshida) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/13s-tenbou.html pdf * 4 15 4 5 13 e πi = 1 5 0 5 7 3 4 6 3 6 10 6 17

More information

,., 5., ,. 2.2,., x z. y,.,,,. du dt + α p x = 0 dw dt + α p z + g = 0 α dp dt + pγ dα dt = 0 α V dα dt = 0 (2.2.1), γ = c p /c

,., 5., ,. 2.2,., x z. y,.,,,. du dt + α p x = 0 dw dt + α p z + g = 0 α dp dt + pγ dα dt = 0 α V dα dt = 0 (2.2.1), γ = c p /c 29 2 1 2.1 2.1.1.,., 5.,. 2.1.1,. 2.2,., x z. y,.,,,. du dt + α p x = 0 dw dt + α p z + g = 0 α dp dt + pγ dα dt = 0 α V dα dt = 0 (2.2.1), γ = c p /c v., V = (u, w), = ( / x, / z). 30 2.1.1: 31., U p(z),

More information

φ 4 Minimal subtraction scheme 2-loop ε 2008 (University of Tokyo) (Atsuo Kuniba) version 21/Apr/ Formulas Γ( n + ɛ) = ( 1)n (1 n! ɛ + ψ(n + 1)

φ 4 Minimal subtraction scheme 2-loop ε 2008 (University of Tokyo) (Atsuo Kuniba) version 21/Apr/ Formulas Γ( n + ɛ) = ( 1)n (1 n! ɛ + ψ(n + 1) φ 4 Minimal subtraction scheme 2-loop ε 28 University of Tokyo Atsuo Kuniba version 2/Apr/28 Formulas Γ n + ɛ = n n! ɛ + ψn + + Oɛ n =,, 2, ψn + = + 2 + + γ, 2 n ψ = γ =.5772... Euler const, log + ax x

More information

2.1: n = N/V ( ) k F = ( 3π 2 N ) 1/3 = ( 3π 2 n ) 1/3 V (2.5) [ ] a = h2 2m k2 F h2 2ma (1 27 ) (1 8 ) erg, (2.6) /k B 1 11 / K

2.1: n = N/V ( ) k F = ( 3π 2 N ) 1/3 = ( 3π 2 n ) 1/3 V (2.5) [ ] a = h2 2m k2 F h2 2ma (1 27 ) (1 8 ) erg, (2.6) /k B 1 11 / K 2 2.1? [ ] L 1 ε(p) = 1 ( p 2 2m x + p 2 y + pz) 2 = h2 ( k 2 2m x + ky 2 + kz) 2 n x, n y, n z (2.1) (2.2) p = hk = h 2π L (n x, n y, n z ) (2.3) n k p 1 i (ε i ε i+1 )1 1 g = 2S + 1 2 1/2 g = 2 ( p F

More information

006 11 8 0 3 1 5 1.1..................... 5 1......................... 6 1.3.................... 6 1.4.................. 8 1.5................... 8 1.6................... 10 1.6.1......................

More information

20 4 20 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 4 2 11 2.1................... 11 2.2......................... 11 2.3....................... 19 3 25 3.1.............................

More information

(e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a

(e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a 1 2 2.1 (e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a) L ( ) ) * 2) W Z 1/2 ( - ) d u + e + ν e 1 1 0 0

More information

DaisukeSatow.key

DaisukeSatow.key Nambu-Goldstone Fermion in Quark-Gluon Plasma and Bose-Fermi Cold Atom System ( /BNL! ECT* ") : Jean-Paul Blaizot (Saclay CEA #) ( ) (SUSY) = b f b f 2 (SUSY) Q: supercharge b f b f SUSY: [Q, H]=0 Supercharge

More information

4 19

4 19 I / 19 8 1 4 19 : : f(e, J), f(e) Phase mixing Landau Damping, violent relaxation : 2 2 : ( ) http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950917.html ( ) http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~wjs/apm_grey.gif

More information

0 ϕ ( ) (x) 0 ϕ (+) (x)ϕ d 3 ( ) (y) 0 pd 3 q (2π) 6 a p a qe ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q 0 (2π) 6 [a p, a q]e ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q (2π)

0 ϕ ( ) (x) 0 ϕ (+) (x)ϕ d 3 ( ) (y) 0 pd 3 q (2π) 6 a p a qe ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q 0 (2π) 6 [a p, a q]e ipx e iqy 0 2Ep 2Eq d 3 pd 3 q (2π) ( ) 2 S 3 ( ) ( ) 0 O 0 O ( ) O ϕ(x) ϕ (x) d 3 p (2π) 3 2Ep (a p e ipx + b pe +ipx ) ϕ (+) (x) + ϕ ( ) (x) d 3 p (2π) 3 2Ep (a pe +ipx + b p e ipx ) ϕ ( ) (x) + ϕ (+) (x) (px p 0 x 0 p x E p t p x, E p

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc2.com/ 1 30 3 30.1.............. 3 30.2........................... 4 30.3...................... 5 30.4........................ 6 30.5.................................. 8 30.6...............................

More information

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです.

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. 医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009192 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 t 1. 2. 3 2 3. 6 4. 7 5. n 2 ν 6. 2 7. 2003 ii 2 2013 10 iii 1987

More information

Introduction 2 / 43

Introduction 2 / 43 Batalin-Vilkoviski ( ) 2016 2 22 at SFT16 based on arxiv:1511.04187 BV Analysis of Tachyon Fluctuation around Multi-brane Solutions in Cubic String Field Theory 1 / 43 Introduction 2 / 43 in Cubic open

More information

80 4 r ˆρ i (r, t) δ(r x i (t)) (4.1) x i (t) ρ i ˆρ i t = 0 i r 0 t(> 0) j r 0 + r < δ(r 0 x i (0))δ(r 0 + r x j (t)) > (4.2) r r 0 G i j (r, t) dr 0

80 4 r ˆρ i (r, t) δ(r x i (t)) (4.1) x i (t) ρ i ˆρ i t = 0 i r 0 t(> 0) j r 0 + r < δ(r 0 x i (0))δ(r 0 + r x j (t)) > (4.2) r r 0 G i j (r, t) dr 0 79 4 4.1 4.1.1 x i (t) x j (t) O O r 0 + r r r 0 x i (0) r 0 x i (0) 4.1 L. van. Hove 1954 space-time correlation function V N 4.1 ρ 0 = N/V i t 80 4 r ˆρ i (r, t) δ(r x i (t)) (4.1) x i (t) ρ i ˆρ i t

More information

1 9 v.0.1 c (2016/10/07) Minoru Suzuki T µ 1 (7.108) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1)

1 9 v.0.1 c (2016/10/07) Minoru Suzuki T µ 1 (7.108) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1) 1 9 v..1 c (216/1/7) Minoru Suzuki 1 1 9.1 9.1.1 T µ 1 (7.18) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1) E E µ = E f(e ) E µ (9.1) µ (9.2) µ 1 e β(e µ) 1 f(e )

More information

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a =

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a = II 6 ishimori@phys.titech.ac.jp 6.. 5.4.. f Rx = f Lx = fx fx + lim = lim x x + x x f c = f x + x < c < x x x + lim x x fx fx x x = lim x x f c = f x x < c < x cosmx cosxdx = {cosm x + cosm + x} dx = [

More information

d > 2 α B(y) y (5.1) s 2 = c z = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u) c z y 1 d 2 + α c z y t y y t- s 2 2 s 2 > d > 2 T c y T c y = T t c = T c /T 1 (3.

d > 2 α B(y) y (5.1) s 2 = c z = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u) c z y 1 d 2 + α c z y t y y t- s 2 2 s 2 > d > 2 T c y T c y = T t c = T c /T 1 (3. 5 S 2 tot = S 2 T (y, t) + S 2 (y) = const. Z 2 (4.22) σ 2 /4 y = y z y t = T/T 1 2 (3.9) (3.15) s 2 = A(y, t) B(y) (5.1) A(y, t) = x d 1+α dx ln u 1 ] 2u ψ(u), u = x(y + x 2 )/t s 2 T A 3T d S 2 tot S

More information

30

30 3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

More information

z f(z) f(z) x, y, u, v, r, θ r > 0 z = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f(z) f(z) D f(z) f(z) z, Rm z, z 1.1 z = x + iy = re iθ = r (cos θ + i sin θ) z = x iy

z f(z) f(z) x, y, u, v, r, θ r > 0 z = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f(z) f(z) D f(z) f(z) z, Rm z, z 1.1 z = x + iy = re iθ = r (cos θ + i sin θ) z = x iy z fz fz x, y, u, v, r, θ r > z = x + iy, f = u + iv γ D fz fz D fz fz z, Rm z, z. z = x + iy = re iθ = r cos θ + i sin θ z = x iy = re iθ = r cos θ i sin θ x = z + z = Re z, y = z z = Im z i r = z = z

More information

: 2005 ( ρ t +dv j =0 r m m r = e E( r +e r B( r T 208 T = d E j 207 ρ t = = = e t δ( r r (t e r r δ( r r (t e r ( r δ( r r (t dv j =

: 2005 ( ρ t +dv j =0 r m m r = e E( r +e r B( r T 208 T = d E j 207 ρ t = = = e t δ( r r (t e r r δ( r r (t e r ( r δ( r r (t dv j = 72 Maxwell. Maxwell e r ( =,,N Maxwell rot E + B t = 0 rot H D t = j dv D = ρ dv B = 0 D = ɛ 0 E H = μ 0 B ρ( r = j( r = N e δ( r r = N e r δ( r r = : 2005 ( 2006.8.22 73 207 ρ t +dv j =0 r m m r = e E(

More information

A

A A 2563 15 4 21 1 3 1.1................................................ 3 1.2............................................. 3 2 3 2.1......................................... 3 2.2............................................

More information

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2 No.2 1 2 2 δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i δx j (5) δs 2 = δx i δx i + 2 u i δx i δx j = δs 2 + 2s ij δx i δx j

More information

1 URu2Si2 2 (n,l,m) + σ l: 4f (n=4,l=3) 5f (n=5,l=3) d 5 1. S 2. 1. L L=0(S), 1(P), 2(D), 3(F), 4(G), 5(H),... (2S+1) LJ 3 () d ~ > f >> > 1~10 ev 0.1~0.3 ev 1~100 K LS (Russell-Saunders) f 2 less than

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d S I.. http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5.............. 3 5. Laplace................. 5....

More information

²ÄÀÑʬΥ»¶ÈóÀþ·¿¥·¥å¥ì¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼ÊýÄø¼°¤ÎÁ²¶á²òÀÏ Asymptotic analysis for the integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation

²ÄÀÑʬΥ»¶ÈóÀþ·¿¥·¥å¥ì¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼ÊýÄø¼°¤ÎÁ²¶á²òÀÏ  Asymptotic analysis for the integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation Asymptotic analysis for the integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation ( ) ( ) 2016 12 17 1. Schrödinger focusing NLS iu t + u xx +2 u 2 u = 0 u(x, t) =2ηe 2iξx 4i(ξ2 η 2 )t+i(ψ 0 +π/2) sech(2ηx

More information

Z: Q: R: C: sin 6 5 ζ a, b

Z: Q: R: C: sin 6 5 ζ a, b Z: Q: R: C: 3 3 7 4 sin 6 5 ζ 9 6 6............................... 6............................... 6.3......................... 4 7 6 8 8 9 3 33 a, b a bc c b a a b 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 a a a a p > p p p, 3,

More information

Introduction SFT Tachyon condensation in SFT SFT ( ) at 1 / 38

Introduction SFT Tachyon condensation in SFT SFT ( ) at 1 / 38 ( ) 2011 5 14 at 1 / 38 Introduction? = String Field Theory = SFT 2 / 38 String Field : ϕ(x, t) x ϕ x / ( ) X ( σ) (string field): Φ[X(σ), t] X(σ) Φ (Φ X(σ) ) X(σ) & / 3 / 38 SFT with Lorentz & Gauge Invariance

More information

note1.dvi

note1.dvi (1) 1996 11 7 1 (1) 1. 1 dx dy d x τ xx x x, stress x + dx x τ xx x+dx dyd x x τ xx x dyd y τ xx x τ xx x+dx d dx y x dy 1. dx dy d x τ xy x τ x ρdxdyd x dx dy d ρdxdyd u x t = τ xx x+dx dyd τ xx x dyd

More information

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345

More information

I

I I 6 4 10 1 1 1.1............... 1 1................ 1 1.3.................... 1.4............... 1.4.1.............. 1.4................. 1.4.3........... 3 1.4.4.. 3 1.5.......... 3 1.5.1..............

More information

[2, 3, 4, 5] * C s (a m k (symmetry operation E m[ 1(a ] σ m σ (symmetry element E σ {E, σ} C s 32 ( ( =, 2 =, (3 0 1 v = x 1 1 +

[2, 3, 4, 5] * C s (a m k (symmetry operation E m[ 1(a ] σ m σ (symmetry element E σ {E, σ} C s 32 ( ( =, 2 =, (3 0 1 v = x 1 1 + 2016 12 16 1 1 2 2 2.1 C s................. 2 2.2 C 3v................ 9 3 11 3.1.............. 11 3.2 32............... 12 3.3.............. 13 4 14 4.1........... 14 4.2................ 15 4.3................

More information

untitled

untitled SPring-8 RFgun JASRI/SPring-8 6..7 Contents.. 3.. 5. 6. 7. 8. . 3 cavity γ E A = er 3 πε γ vb r B = v E c r c A B A ( ) F = e E + v B A A A A B dp e( v B+ E) = = m d dt dt ( γ v) dv e ( ) dt v B E v E

More information

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5.

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5. A 1. Boltzmann Planck u(ν, T )dν = 8πh ν 3 c 3 kt 1 dν h 6.63 10 34 J s Planck k 1.38 10 23 J K 1 Boltzmann u(ν, T ) T ν e hν c = 3 10 8 m s 1 2. Planck λ = c/ν Rayleigh-Jeans u(ν, T )dν = 8πν2 kt dν c

More information

和佐田P indd

和佐田P indd 2000 B3LYP/6-31G Gaussian 98 03 B3LYP/6-31G* Gaussian STO-3G RHF Gaussian RHF/STO-3G B3LYP RHF 6-31G* STO-3G Schrödinger Schrödinger s p d Schrödinger Schrödinger Hohenberg-Kohn Kohn-Sham Kohn-Sham [1-3]

More information

C el = 3 2 Nk B (2.14) c el = 3k B C el = 3 2 Nk B

C el = 3 2 Nk B (2.14) c el = 3k B C el = 3 2 Nk B I ino@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 217 11 14 4 4.1 2 2.4 C el = 3 2 Nk B (2.14) c el = 3k B 2 3 3.15 C el = 3 2 Nk B 3.15 39 2 1925 (Wolfgang Pauli) (Pauli exclusion principle) T E = p2 2m p T N 4 Pauli Sommerfeld

More information

(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y

(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y [ ] 7 0.1 2 2 + y = t sin t IC ( 9) ( s090101) 0.2 y = d2 y 2, y = x 3 y + y 2 = 0 (2) y + 2y 3y = e 2x 0.3 1 ( y ) = f x C u = y x ( 15) ( s150102) [ ] y/x du x = Cexp f(u) u (2) x y = xey/x ( 16) ( s160101)

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt S I. x yx y y, y,. F x, y, y, y,, y n http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda n /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS yx.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5..............

More information

July 28, H H 0 H int = H H 0 H int = H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S =e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) =e iht O S e i

July 28, H H 0 H int = H H 0 H int = H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S =e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) =e iht O S e i July 8, 4. H H H int H H H int H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) e iht O S e iht Interaction Picture Ψ(t) D e iht Ψ(t) S O D (t) e iht O S e ih t (Dirac

More information