海外市場参入研究アプローチの概観
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1 Abstract Foreign market entry analyses are important research fields not only in international management, but also in international marketing. There are two categories of foreign market entry analyses. One is used to explain entry modes. It includes (1) a modes of foreign market entry model (MFME model) and (2) a process of internationalization model (POI model). The other is used to explain the relationship between entry modes and marketing activities. This is the foreign market entry model created by Professor S. Takeda. In this paper I will examine each model and indicate my framework for analyzing foreign market entry. My conclusion is that an analysis from both the view point of the marketing dimension and the non-marketing dimension will be needed to analyze foreign market entry. MFME POI (Root(1982))
2 (Hill=Hwang=Kim (1990)Kim=Hwang(1992)Anderson=Gatignon(1986))Johanson=Vahlne(1977) (1985)
3 (1)(2)(3) (4)(5)(6) 1 Meyer(1998)p.133 (1) (2) (3) 1(4) (5) (6)
4 (1) (modes of foreign market entry) (process of internationalization) 21985(1992)
5 21. Caves(1982)(1992) 3 Hill=Hwang=Kim(1990) ( 3 ) 3 Hill=Hwang=Kim(1990)p.120. resource commitment resource commitment
6 4 Dunning 1970 Eclectic theory of international production Dunning, J.H (ownership-specific advantage) location-specific advantage (internalization incentive) Hill=Hwang=Kim(1990)p.120(1999)
7 5 5 Dunning(1988) 22 Erramilli=Rao(1990)Johanson=Wiedersheim-Paul(1975)Johanson=Vahln(1977)Juul=Walters(1987) Sullivan=Bauerschmidt(1990)Johanson=Vahln(1977) Johanson=Vahlne Sandvik Atlas Copco Facit Volvo
8 6 Johanson & Vahlne(1977)p.25. Johanson=Vahlne(1977) 3 2 (market specific knowledge)
9
10
11 7 国境 輸出 現地販売活動拠点 海外製造拠点 現地市場の最終需要者 直接投資 現地製造活動拠点 契約 問題領域 1 問題領域 2 問題領域
12 3 (1985)
13 (1991) 1 (1999)
14 (1985)(1992)
15 4748 Meyer dissemination risk Hill=Hwang=Kim( Klein=Crawford=Alchian Martin Hill= Hwang=Kim op.cit Anderson=Gatignon1986 Kim=Hwang1992 Dunning Johanson=Vahlne Johanson=Vahlne JohansonVahlneop.cit. 24 Ibid.26 Ibid.28 Ibid Peng Anderson, E. and H.Gatignon(1986), Modes of foreign entry: A transaction cost analysis and propositions, Journal of International Business Studies, 17(Fall):pp Aulakh P.S. and M.Kotabe(1997), Antecedents and Performance Implications of Channel Integration in Foreign Markets, Journal of International Business Studies, 28(1)pp
16 Caves, R.E.(1982), Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Cambridge University Press.(,1992 ) Day, George S. & S. Klein(1987), Cooperative behavior in vertical markets: The influence of transaction costs and competitive strategies.,in M.J.Houston, Review of marketing, pp Chicago:American Marketing Association. Dunning,J.H.(1979), Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: In Defence of the Eclectic Theory, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Nov Dunning, J.H.(1980), Toward an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests, Journal of International Business Studies, Spr Sum Dunning, John H.(1988). The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions, Journal of International Business Studies, 26(3):pp Erramilli,M.K. and Rao C.P.(1990), Choice of Foreign Market Entry Modes by Service Firms: Role of Market Knowledge, Management International Review, Vol.30. Harrigan(1985), Vertical integration and corporate strategy, Academy of Management Journal, 28(2)pp Harrigan,K.R.(1988), Joint Ventures and competitive strategy, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12(Special Issue), pp Hill, Charles W.L., Peter Hwang & Chan Kim(1990), An eclectic theory of the choice of international entry mode, Strategic Management Journal, 11(2) pp Johanson,J. & Jan-Erik Vahlne(1977), The international process of the firm: A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1)pp Johanson,J. and F. Wiedersheim-Paul(1975), The Internationalization of the Firm: Four Swedish Cases, Journal of Management, Vol.12. Juul, M. and Walters,P.G.P.(1987), The Internationalization of Norwegian Firms: A Study of the U.K. Experience, Management International Review, Vol.27. Klein,B., Crawford, R. G. and Alchian,A.(1978), Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents and the Competitive Contracting rocess, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol.21, pp Kogut, Bruce(1985), Designing global strategies: Comparative and competitive value added chains, Sloan Management Review,(Summer)pp Kogut,B.(1988a), A Study of the Life Cycle of Joint Ventures, Management International Review, Special Issue 1988,pp McCarthy,D. and Puffer,S.(1997), Strategic investment flexibility for MNE success in Russia: Evolving beyond entry modes, Journal of World Business, 32, pp Martin, Lawrence W.(1993) Study Guide for Stiglitzs Economics. W.W.Norton & Company, Inc
17 ,1997, Meyer K.(1998) Direct investment in economies in transition, New Horizons in international business. Peng M.W.(2000) Business strategies in transition economies, Sage Publications, Inc. Root,F.R.(1982), Foreign Market Entry Strategies, AMACOM(,,1984 ) Root,F.R.(1994), Entry strategies for international markets, Lexington Books. Sullivan, D. and A.Bauerschmidt(1990), Incremental Internationalization: A Test of Johanson and Vahlne s Thesis, Management International Review, Vol.30, No.1. (2001) (1985) (1998) (2000) (1991) (1998) 1996 (1992) (1999) (1996)43(1)
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