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1 DCchoice ( ) R DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 1 / 19

2 1 (CV) CV 2 DCchoice WTP 3 DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 2 / 19

3 (Contingent Valuation; CV) WTP CV WTP WTP DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 3 / 19

4 CV (Whitehead, 1995, modified) 1981 X X Yes No Yes X + = 2X No X = 1/2X DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 4 / 19

5 X WTP WTP X 1 st stage No X Yes 0 X DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 5 / 19

6 X X + (> X ) X (< X ) WTP 1 st stage No X Yes X - 2 nd stage X + No Yes No Yes 0 X - X X + DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 6 / 19

7 (Whitehead, 1995) R > head(ap, 10) bid1 bid2 R1 R2 income work age female married DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 7 / 19

8 I WTP (logit/probit) ln L = N [ d yy =1 ln(p yy (X, X + )) + d nn ln(p nn (X, X )) + d yn ln(p yn (X, X + )) + d ny ln(p ny (X, X + )) ] d yy d nn d yn d ny d yn = 1 X n (yes) X + (no) DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 8 / 19

9 II - - (KMT) - (SK) DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 9 / 19

10 DCchoice (DiChotomous choice) CV System requirement R ver 2153 or later Ecdat, interval, stats, MASS R-Forge R > installpackages("dcchoice", repos = c(" " " dep = TRUE, type = "source") DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 10 / 19

11 : sbchoice() sbchoice() R > sbchoice(formula, data, dist = "log-logistic") formula R1 ~ var1 + var2 bid data dist log-logistic, logistic, log-normal or normal sbchoice() S3 sbchoice summary() print() glm() DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 11 / 19

12 : dbchoice() dbchoice() R > dbchoice(formula, data, dist = "log-logistic", par = NULL) formula R1 + R2 ~ var1 + var2 bid1 + bid2 data dist log-logistic, logistic, log-normal or normal par dbchoice() S3 dbchoice summary() print() optim() DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 12 / 19

13 R > dblogit <- dbchoice(r1 + R2 ~ work + age + female + married log(bid1) + log(bid2), data = AP) R > printcoefmat(summary(dblogit)$coef) Estimate Std Error z value Pr(> z ) (Intercept) < 2e-16 *** work age < 2e-16 *** female * married log(bid) < 2e-16 *** --- Signif codes: 0 *** 0001 ** 001 * DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 13 / 19

14 WTP WTP WTP ( ) ( exp Γ 1 ˆαˆβ 1ˆβ ) ( Γ 1 + 1ˆβ ) if ˆβ > 1 ˆβ log(bid) ˆα = X ˆβ WTP Krinsky-Robb R > krci(dblogit, nsim = 1000, CI = 095) the Krinsky and Robb simulated confidence intervals Estimate LB UB Mean truncated Mean adusted truncated Mean Median bootci(dblogit, nsim = 1000, CI = 095) DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 14 / 19

15 Kriström (1990) R > kristrom(formula, data) S3 kristrom - - (KMT) R > turnbullsb(formula, data) # R > turnbulldb(formula, data) # S3 turnbull formula R1 ~ bid1 kristrom() turnbullsb() R1 + R2 ~ bid1 + bid2 turnbulldb() data S3 summary() print() plot() DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 15 / 19

16 KMT R > APsb <- turnbullsb(r1 ~ bid1, data = AP) R > summary(apsb) Survival probability: Upper Prob Inf Survival Probability WTP estimates: Mean: (Kaplan-Meier) Mean: (Spearman-Karber) Median in: [ 0, 100 ] Bid (USD) DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 16 / 19

17 R > APdb <- turnbulldb(r1 + R2 ~ bid1 + bid2, data = AP) R > summary(apdb) Survival probability: Upper Prob Inf Survival Probability WTP estimates: Mean: (Kaplan-Meier) Mean: (Spearman-Karber) Median in: [ 100, 150 ] Bid (USD) DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 17 / 19

18 CV DCchoice WTP Bioconductor DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 18 / 19

19 Kriström, B (1990): A Non-Parametric Approach to the Estimation of Welfare Measures in Discrete Response Valuation Studies, Land Economics, 66(2), Whitehead, J C (1995): Willingness to Pay for Quality Improvements: Comparative Statics and Interpretation of Contingent Valuation Results, Land Economics, 71(2), DCchoice package R 2013/11/30 19 / 19

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