Jpn. J. Personality 22(1): 1-12 (2013)

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1 ,2,3 Temptation Coping Strategy in Academic situation: TCSA 1 40 TCSA TCSA e.g., Ainslie, e.g., Fujita, 2008; Hoch & Loewenstein, 1991 e.g., Fishbach & Converse, 2010

2 e.g., Fishbach, Friedman, & Kruglanski, 2003; Fujita & Han, 2009; Gollwitzer, 1999; Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999; Mischel & Mischel, 1983; Moore, Mischel, & Zeiss, 1976 e.g., Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999 Mischel & Mischel, 1983 Moore et al., 1976 Fishbach et al e.g., television e.g., study e.g., study e.g., television Papies, Stroebe, & Aarts, 2007 Fujita, 2011 Temptation Coping Strategy in Academic situation: TCSA Kroese, Evers, & De Ridder, 2011 TCSA

3 3 3 3, KJ TCSA TCSA TCSA , 4.01, 2.87, 1.80, % Table

4 Table 1 I II III IV I II III.43 IV TCSA α 7 ; α.88 5 α.82 5 α.82 3 α.77 Table 2 3

5 5 Table 2t t t t TCSA % 14% 12% 19% 15% 11% 2 TCSA TCSA 2010 Zimmerman, 1986, TCSA 2 TCSA 2010 e.g., 2010; Metcalfe & Mischel,

6 TCSA TCSA TCSA 2010 e.g., 2010 van Eerde, Fishbach et al TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA ; TCSA TCSA α α.68, α.84,

7 α TCSA 1 4 TCSA Table 3 TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA Table 3.34***.35***.31***.42***.31***.21***.27***.28***.36***.25***.47***.47***.11* * ***.22***.34***.23***.33***.29***.19***.14**.19***.14** *.09.15**.16** **.25***.03.17** p.10, * p.05, ** p.01, *** p.001

8 TCSA 3 TCSA Time 1 7 Time 2 Time 1 Time 2 2 Time Time Time 1 Time Time 1 α Time 2 α , 2 4 TCSA Time 1 Time 2 r.79, p.001 r.72, p.001r.76, p.001 r.60, p.001 Time 1 TCSA 4 Ward a 2 33 b 3 27 c 4 15 d 5 13 e 5 5 Time 2

9 9 Table 4 a (n 17) b (n 33) c (n 27) d (n 15) e (n 13) F 5.83 α 4.16 γ 4.96 β 4.23 γ 2.79 δ (0.61) (0.67) (0.76) (0.43) (0.73) 44.37*** 5.72 α 5.41 αβ 5.72 α 4.81 β 3.97 γ (1.13) (0.64) (0.71) (0.47) (0.85) 14.86*** 5.12 α 4.57 α 3.09 β 3.41 β 2.89 β (0.87) (0.63) (0.86) (0.46) (0.83) 33.82*** 6.27 α 4.81 β 4.79 β 3.33 γ 3.97 δ (0.58) (0.48) (0.69) (0.55) (1.06) 45.22*** 1 2α, β, γ, δ *** p a b c d e d 6 b c a b c d e Figure 1 TCSA Table 4 a e Figure 1 b c d b c d c b d 1TCSA TCSA

10 e.g., Fishbach & Converse, 2010 TCSA TCSA TCSA 2 TCSA TCSA 1 TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA TCSA vs.

11 11 Ainslie, G. (1992). Picoeconomics: The strategic interaction of successive motivational states within the person. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Fishbach, A., & Converse, B. A. (2010). Identifying and battling temptation. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford. pp Fishbach, A., Friedman, R. S., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2003). Leading us not unto temptation: Momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, Fujita, K. (2008). Seeing the forest beyond the trees: A construal level approach to self-control. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, Fujita, K. (2011). On conceptualizing self-control as more than the effortful inhibition of impulses. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, Fujita, K., & Han, H. A. (2009). Moving beyond deliberative control of impulses: The effects of construal levels on evaluative associations in selfcontrol. Psychological Science, 20, , Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54, Hoch, S. J., & Loewenstein, G. F. (1991). Timeinconsistent preferences and consumer self-control. Journal of Consumer Research, 17, , , Kroese, F. M., Evers, C., & De Ridder, D. T. D. (2011). Tricky treats:paradoxical effects of temptation strength on self-regulation processes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106, Mischel, H. N., & Mischel, W. (1983). The development of children s knowledge of self-control strategies. Child Development, 54, Moore, B., Mischel, W., & Zeiss, A. (1976). Comparative effects of the reward stimulus and its cognitive representation in voluntary delay. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, Papies, E. K., Stroebe, W., & Aarts, H. (2007). Pleasure in the mind: Restrained eating and spontaneous hedonic thoughts about food. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, Zimmerman, B. J. (1986). Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key subprocesses? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, van Eerde, W. (2003). A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35,

12 Development of the Scale of Temptation Coping Strategies in Academic Situations Mai Kobayashi Toyo University The Japanese Journal of Personality 2013, Vol. 22 No. 1, 1 12 The scale of Temptation Coping Strategies in Academic Situations (TCSA) was developed for identifying individual differences in self-control strategies in achievement situations. In Study 1, 153 college students were asked about coping strategies, and 40 items were selected for the use in the TCSA. The results of factor analysis showed a four-factor solution (Goal Verification, Distraction, Temptation Avoidance, and Goal Execution). In Study 2, the relationships were examined among the TCSA, the self-regulated learning strategies scale (Fujita, 2010) the academic delay of gratification scale (Ogawauchi et al., 2010) and the scale of awareness of procrastination (Kohama, 2010). The results supported the validity of the TCSA. In Study 3, the TCSA was administered twice two weeks apart to determine test retest reliability. Finally, implications for future research were discussed. Key words: self-control, self-regulation, goal pursuit, temptation, development of scale

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2007, Vol. 15 No. 2, 217–227

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2007, Vol. 15 No. 2, 217–227 2007 15 2 217 227 2007 1 2 445 238 207 1 7 7 (2005) (2005) (2006a) 2006a (2004) (assumed-competence) 218 15 2 1 2005 2004 (2004) (2004) (2004) 16PF (2006) 4 Hayamizu, 2002 2006a (2006a) 1 Hayamizu, Kino,