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1

2 F C Be C 10 Be

3 1.1 太陽放射とその変動 森羅万象学校

4 1.1.1 (from Encyclopedia of Earth)

5 op1cal depth (Lean et al., 1997JGR)

6 nm 1.1% nm 0.25% (Lean et al., 1997JGR)

7 UV (Lean et al., 1997JGR)

8 1.1.2 (Lean and Foukal, 1988)

9 (Lean and Foukal, 1988)

10 Wolf R = k(10g + s) R: g: s k:

11 0.1% (Damon and Sonett, 1991)

12

13 Wolf sunspot number Group sunspot number (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

14 Schwab cycle (Friss- Christensen and Lassen, 1991)

15 1.2.3 F10.7

16 F10.7cm flux F10.7 index 10.7 cm (2.8GHz) W m-2 Hz-1 UV 10.7 cm Material Prepared by Richard Thompson. Copyright IPS - Radio and Space Services.

17 C Be C 10 Be

18 1.2.1

19 ( NASA HP

20 90% (proton) 10% α 1% β γ 10pm

21 Bartol Res.,Uni. of Delaware

22 1950 balloon ioniza1on chamber 1937 (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

23 1.1.2 Production rate calculation uncertainty ( 14 C, 10 Be, etc) Carbon cycling Incomplete mixing Transport and deposition processes

24 1990)

25 (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

26 1000 (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

27 (Mazaud et al., 1991)

28 14 C (Damon and Sonett, 1991)

29 C C (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

30 C (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

31 1937 (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

32 14 C 1000 solar modula1on func1on calibration solar modulation function 2 (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

33 14 C Solar modula1on func1on (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

34 Be NGRIP,Dye Be (Berggren et al., 2009GRL)

35 Be Flux (Berggren et al., 2009GRL)

36 8-16 band pass 10 Be NGRIP Dye-3 (Berggren et al., 2009GRL)

37 B e 1 (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

38 C 10 Be 14 C 10 Be 1000 solar modula1on func1on 10 Be 14 C (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

39 14 C, 10 Be Solar Modula1on Func1on (Muscheler et al., 2007 QSR)

40 14 C, 10 Be Holocene (Knudsen et al., 2009 GRL)

41 Holocene GCR 14 C 10 Be 14 C& 10 Be (Knudsen et al., 2009 GRL)

42 GCR 88 Gleisberg Suess C 10 Be 1000 (Knudsen et al., 2009 GRL)

43 From Damon and Sonett (1991)

44 F C 10 Be

45 1. 0.1% F UV nm C 10 Be F C 88, 150, 220, 400

46

47 (Beer et al., 1991)

48 (Stuiver and Quay, 1980)

49 (Beer et al., 1991)

50 (Beer et al., 1991)

51 (Beer et al., 1991)

52 (Svensmark, 2007 A&G)

53

54

55

56 A (Lean, 1989)

57 Be From Wikipedia

58 Lean et al., 1997: Detection and parameterization of variations in solar midand near-ultraviolet radiation ( nm), Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 102, Issue D25, p Lean and Foukal, 1988: A Model of Solar Luminosity Modulation by Magnetic Activity between 1954 and 1984, Science, Volume 240, Issue 4854, pp Damon and Sonett, 1991: Solar and terrestrial components of the atmospheric C-14 variation spectrum, The sun in time (A ). Tucson, AZ, University of Arizona Press, 1991, p Beer et al., 2000: The role of the sun in climate forcing, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 19, issue 1-5, pp Muscheler et al., 2007: Solar activity during the last 1000 yr inferred from radionuclide records, Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 26, Issue 1-2, p

59 Mazaud et al., 1991: Geomagnetic field control of C-14 production over the last 80 ky - Implications for the radiocarbon time-scale, Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN ), vol. 18, Oct. 1991, p Damon and Sonett, 1991: Solar and terrestrial components of the atmospheric C-14 variation spectrum, The sun in time (A ). Tucson, AZ, University of Arizona Press, 1991, p Berggren et al., 2009: A 600-year annual 10Be record from the NGRIP ice core, Greenland, Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 36, Issue 11 Knudsen et al., 2009: Taking the pulse of the Sun during the Holocene by joint analysis of 14C and 10Be, Geophysical Research Letters, Volume. 36, L16701, p. 5 Stuiver and Quay, 1980: A 1600 year long record of solar change derived from atmospheric 14C levels, Solar Physics, Volume 74, Number 2, p

60 Svensmark, 2007: Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges, Astronomy & Geophysics, Volume 48, Issue 1, pp Lean, 1989: Contribution of ultraviolet irradiance variations to changes in the sun's total irradiance, Science, vol. 244, April 14, 1989, p Friis-Christensen and Lassen, 1991: Length of the Solar Cycle: An Indicator of Solar Activity Closely Associated with Climat, Science, Volume 254, Issue 5032, pp

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